Global Forum on Gender Statistics 26 -28 January 2009 Accra, Ghana Household satellite accounts on production and consumption of unpaid work services. Proposed methodology María Eugenia Gómez Luna Coordinación de Asesores. INEGI 1
Objective This presentation deals with a proposed methodology to compile satellite accounts on production and consumption of UNPAID HOUSEHOLD SERVICES within the System of National Accounts 1993, using the National Time Use Survey and the System of National Accounts of Mexico, 2002 2
A point to start: Productive Activities OUTPUT HUMAN ACTIVITIES Paid Work I. Productive Activities ECONOMIC OUTPUT SNA Goods and services No SCN Unpaid Services Unpaid Work II. Personal Activities • Personal benefits • Learning • Entertainment • Personal care … General Production
The SNA boundary Production ________ 100. 0% Market production_____ 87. 9% Own account final production______ 5. 5% Other non market production______ 6. 6% Unpaid household services, are not within SNA boundary It is necessary a monetary value to know the magnitude of the unpaid work output in the same way of other economic activities It is necessary to compile a satellite account to have the total household production and consumption
Household Satellite Accounts will enlarge the boundaries Including a new concept of work: Paid and unpaid as a total Extending the household production boundary Extending the SNA production and GDP boundary Extending the SNA consumption boundary
Extended SNA production boundary= General Production SNA SATELLITE ACCOUNT OF UNPAID SERVICES 1. MARKET PRODUCTION 2. OWN FINAL USE 4. UNPAID HOUSEHOLD SERVICES v. UNPAID DOMESTIC SERVICES ( food, cleaning, care textiles, shopping…, including travels) v OWN ACCOUNT GOODS PRODUCTION v OWN ACCUONT CAPITAL PRODUCTION v. UNPAID CARE GIVING SERVICES TO HOUSE HOLD MEMBERS (Children, elderly, sick people, including travels …) v SERVICES OF OWNER OCCUPIED DEWLLINS v PAID DOMESTIC SERVICES v. UNPAID COMMUNITY SERVICES v to other households v. To thecommunity) 3. OTHER NON MARKET PRODUCTION üGeneral government production üNon profit Institution production SCN v. UNPAID VOLUNTEER SERVICES (NLI) + No SCN 6
PROPOSAL METHODOLOGY -The objective of household satellite accounts - General aproach - The boundary of the productive household activities The value of unpaid work The main results 7
Main Objectives of the HHSA 1. Provide estimation on production, gross domestic product, private consumption and compiles satellite accounts 2. Contribute to recognize unpaid work as part of a new concept of work, TOTAL WORK 3. Make visible women and men contributions to the economy and to the society ( reproduction and wellbeing) 4. Make visible the differences on the unpaid work distribution between women and men within the household 5. Have a set of statistics and indicators within the SNA framework to improve gender-sensitive measures and knowledge on the household economy to planning, policies makers and monitoring. 6. Contribute to construct a sensitive gender framework
How to make a monetary value to unpaid household services? • Measuring the output according to the cost incurred • Considering that the only one input is unpaid work. • Only time of primary activities is taken into calculations • Using physical units of time “spend on” productive activities and a suitable “wage” of similar activities Quantity of hours x “wage” per hour Q x P = OUTPUT
Data Sources • National Time Use Survey 2002 Activities and quantity of time “spending on” • National Income and Expenditures HH Survey 2002 “market wage” per hour of activities alike household activities. System of National Accounts of Mexico, 2002 Conceptual and quantity framework Goods and Services Accounts Institutional Sector Accounts 10
Quantity data source: Time Use Survey 2002 Some relevant characteristics Ø Population: 12 and up years Ø Survey instrument : Questionnaire 90 Preselected activities 15 Main activities categories (close to ICATUS) Ø Collecting period Ø 18 November – 13 December Ø as soon as National Incomes and Expenditures Household Survey finished Ø Data presentation: Weekly data Ø Data base available 11
It is necessary to classified the productive actities Cooking 4. 0 9. 7 Washing dishes 2. 1 Cleaning dwelling 2. 2 Carrying water, picking up wood or waste disposal 3. 7 2. 6 3. 9 3. 3 4. 9 2. 3 3. 0 2. 7 Paying and managment Dwelling repairs 3. 5 5. 8 Transporting a household member to work or school Purchasing groceries 1. 4 2. 0 Health care Caring for children or household members 3. 7 2. 4 Laundry, ironing or sewing clothes Tending domestic animals 4. 3 3. 3 1. 6 3. 6 Men 1. 4 2. 4 Women Source: INEGI. Encuesta Nacional sobre Uso del Tiempo, 2002 (National Time Use Survey, 2002) 12
“Third party criterion” is used to identify the unpaid household productive activities SNA PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES 01. Work SCN (ILO concept) 02. Work for household on primary production activities 03. Work for household on non primary production activities 04. Work for house hold in construction activities 05 Work for household providing servicies for income UNPAID PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES Personal activities 09. Actividades de estudio. A. Unpaid work services 06. Unpaid domestic services for own final use 10. Vida social y participación en actividades comunitarias. 07. Unpaid care services to household members 11. Asistencia a acontecimientos culturales, de entretenimiento y deportivos y visitas culturales. B. Unpaid community and volunteer services 12. Aficiones, juegos y otros pasatiempos. 08. Unpaid community services and help to other house holds 08ª Unpaid volunteer services work 13. Práctica de deportes de interior y de exterior. 14. Utilización de medios de comunicación de masas. 15. Cuidado y mantenimiento personal. 13 Source: Guide to producing statistics on Time Use: Measuring Paid and Unpaid Work Use
We can construct an indicator with physical data, hours a week TOTAL WORK and WOMEN and MEN CONTRIBUTIONS TOTAL ACTIVITIES MEN WOMEN TOTAL WORK PAID WORK (SNA) UNPAID WORK 3 405 328 1 747 996 1 657 332 1 487 278 √ 1 242 369 244 909 1 918 049 505 626 1 412 423 √ 14
Annual monetary value added of unpaid household services Number of hours of each unpaid productive activity X 50 Weeks = Total annual hours ……………… Q “Wage” per hour*of each unpaid activity, one for woman and one for man, ………… P Imputing Monetary Value Q. P = Gross value added by activity *In general, it is the income received 15
Alternatives to value the UPW and the impact on the contribution to the GDP Canada Potential income Replacement cost Years Before taxes After taxes Specialists General 1961 63. 6 52. 4 55. 6 34. 2 1971 57. 5 40. 5 50. 1 30. 5 1981 47. 6 31. 3 39. 5 25. 6 1986 44. 6 28. 0 37. 5 26. 1 1992 54. 2 32. 0 43. 0 34. 0 Source: Satistique Canada. Travail non rémunéré des ménages: mesure et évaluation. 1995 16
Billions of pesos General Gross Domestic Product , includes unpaid household services
Women and men contributions to monetary value added of unpaid household services Icatus Name/denomination Men Total 06 Unpaid Domestic Services for HH members Woman Total Men Woman 100. 0 23. 1 76. 9 45. 4 62. 2 58. 3 18. 0 82. 0 6. 8 2. 1 18. 3 6. 0 15. 6 5. 1 10. 1 9. 5 89. 9 90. 5 16. 6 15. 2 16. 0 84. 0 Preparation of meals Wash ing dishesd Cleaning dweeling Cleaning cloth and footwear 5. 7 13. 5 11. 7 11. 3 88. 7 Minor repairs and maintenance 5. 0 0. 3 1. 4 85. 3 14. 7 2. 0 0. 5 0. 9 52. 2 47. 8 13. 3 7. 1 8. 6 36. 0 64. 0 51. 6 36. 7 40. 2 29. 7 70. 3 38. 2 25. 9 2. 0 28. 8 2. 1 30. 7 24. 7 69. 3 75. 3 11. 2 3. 0 1. 9 1. 2 8. 8 1. 1 0. 8 0. 2 9. 3 1. 5 1. 1 0. 4 27. 7 46. 5 40. 1 62. 5 72. 3 53. 5 59. 9 37. 5 P ayments Management 07 Unpaid Care Services for HH members Childcare Health Care to other household members 08 Community and volunteer unpaid services Unpaid services to households Community and volunteer
Women and men contributions to Gross Domestic Product of unpaid household services. Quantity and monetary value Quantity of unpaid work time Value of unpaid work
The contribution of unpaid hh services to GDP is equivalent to 23. 7 % of total GDP GD 1: Agriculture, cattle, forestry and fishing GD 2: Mining Gd 3: Manufactures GD 4 Construction GD 5 Electricity GD 6 Commerce, restaurants and hotels GD 7 Transport and communications GD 8 Financial and real estate GD 9 Community and professional services 27. 0 20. 0 23. 7 18. 6 13. 4 10. 7 5. 1 4. 0 1. 4 1. 3 Unpaid HH services s GD 1 GD 2 Source: MEGL , with INEGI data. GD 3 GD 4 GD 5 GD 6 GD 7 GD 8 GD 9 20.
Men and women contribution to the total value of unpaid household services Fuente: INEGI. Encuesta Nacional sobre Uso del Tiempo (ENUT), 2002
Unpaid care health services contribute with 11. 3 % to the new Health GDP • Heath is a mixture production: -Private, public, and hh sector. • Temporary sick's care is one of the most relevant unpaid activity • Women are the health careers and also the most users. • Health care is something “normal” for women, with relevant social and labor costs
Satellite account of unpaid household services and the total economy
Production and Consumption Satellite Accounts
Thank you Your comments are welcome makena. gomez@inegi. org. mx
Tiempo dedicado a los servicios no remunerados de los hogares y aportaciones en las horas dedicadas y en el valor de los servicios Horas dedicadas a la semana (miles) Icatus Denominación HOMBRES MUJERES TOTAL Aportaciones al tiempo dedicado % HOMBRES MUJERES TOTAL 308, 264. 4 1, 611, 485. 5 1, 919, 749. 9 16. 1 83. 9 100. 0 211, 395. 2 1, 325, 581. 5 1, 536, 976. 7 13. 8 86. 2 100. 0 68. 6 82. 3 80. 1 Preparación de alimentos 35, 964. 9 444, 752. 4 480, 717. 3 7. 5 92. 5 100. 0 11. 7 27. 6 25. 0 Lavar los trastes Limpieza de la vivienda 10, 401. 6 57, 042. 1 133, 328. 1 376, 547. 5 143, 729. 8 433, 589. 6 7. 2 13. 2 92. 8 86. 8 100. 0 3. 4 18. 5 8. 3 23. 4 7. 5 22. 6 Limpieza de la ropa y calzado Reparaciones menores y mantenimiento Realizar pagos o trámites para el hogar Administración y compras Servicios no remunerados de cuidado de miembros del hogar Cuidado de niños Cuidados de salud Cuidados a otros miembros del hogar Servicios a la comunidad y a otros hogares Ayudar a otros hogares o familiares Participar en alguna act social, o mejoras a la comunidad 30, 507. 3 246, 624. 3 277, 131. 6 11. 0 89. 0 100. 0 9. 9 15. 3 14. 4 22, 113. 6 5, 682. 9 27, 796. 5 79. 6 20. 4 100. 0 7. 2 0. 4 1. 4 7, 178. 5 48, 187. 3 8, 472. 2 110, 174. 1 15, 650. 6 158, 361. 3 45. 9 30. 4 54. 1 69. 6 100. 0 2. 3 15. 6 0. 5 6. 8 0. 8 8. 2 82, 739. 8 54, 388. 1 6, 980. 6 263, 505. 6 181, 658. 4 17, 305. 7 346, 245. 4 236, 046. 5 24, 286. 3 23. 9 23. 0 28. 7 76. 1 77. 0 71. 3 100. 0 26. 8 17. 6 2. 3 16. 4 11. 3 1. 1 18. 0 12. 3 1. 3 21, 371. 1 64, 541. 5 85, 912. 6 24. 9 75. 1 100. 0 6. 9 4. 0 4. 5 14, 129. 4 22, 398. 4 36, 527. 9 38. 7 61. 3 100. 0 4. 6 1. 4 1. 9 9, 422. 9 18, 840. 2 28, 263. 0 33. 3 66. 7 100. 0 3. 1 1. 2 1. 5 4, 706. 6 3, 558. 3 8, 264. 8 56. 9 43. 1 100. 0 1. 5 0. 2 0. 4 TOTAL 06 07 08 Servicios Domésticos no remunerados de los hogares Fuente: MEGL Estimaciones propias con base en la ENUT y ENIGH 2002 26
Puntos de partida • El trabajo es un factor de producción cuyos resultados se traducen en bienes y servicios • El trabajo no remunerado que se realiza en los hogares para sus propios miembros se incorpora en actividades productivas cuyo resultado se traduce en servicios • Los hogares proporcionan servicios domésticos y de cuidado de personas a otros hogares • Servicios comunitarios • Trabajo voluntario
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