GLC Overview LCPAC 2004 Feb 20 2004 Nobu

GLC Overview LCPAC 2004 (Feb. 20, 2004) Nobu Toge, KEK Accelerator Lab. Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 1

GLC Schematic Layout Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 2

Main Linac Unit Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 3

Beam Structure　vs RF Pulse Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 4

X-band Global Parameters Center-of-mass energy Ecm 500 100 Pulse rep rate frep # particles / bunch Ge. V 120 (150) 120 (100) N 0. 75 # bunches / pulse nb 192 Bunch spacing tb 1. 4 ns Bunch train length nbtb 0. 269 ms Beam power / beam PB 8. 65 11. 53 MW Unloaded gradient ENL 65. 2 MV/m Loaded gradient EL 51. 7 MV/m Hz x 1010 Total site AC power 241 311 Linac length / beam 7. 31 14. 21 km 1. 9 km Beam delivery / beam MW Beam size at IP gex 3. 0 x 10 -6 rad m gey Emittance at DR exit 0. 02 x 10 -6 rad m sx * Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) L 219 nm 3. 0 Peak luminosity 243 2. 1 nm 20. 0 (25. 0) 30. 0 (25. 0) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 1033 cm-2 s-1 5

X-band IP Parameters Center-of-mass energy ECM 500 1000 Ge. V Beam delivery length 1. 9 km Collimation system length 0. 7 km Final focus system length 0. 8 km Full crossing angle 20 (7) Distance from last quad to IP L* Pulse repetition rate frep Bunch length sz Beta function at IP bx, / by Normalized emittance at IP mrad 3. 5 m 120 (150) 120 (100) Hz 110 mm 8 / 0. 11 13 / 0. 11 mm gex* / gey* 3. 6 / 0. 04 x 10 -6 rad m Beam size at IP sx * / sy * 243 / 3. 0 219 / 2. 1 nm Disruption parameters Dx / Dy 0. 16 / 13. 1 0. 10 / 10. 3 Pinch enhancement factor HD 1. 49 1. 42 Average beamstrahlung parameter U 0. 13 0. 28 Average energy loss due to beamstrahlung d. B 4. 6 7. 5 Number of photons per electron ng 1. 26 1. 30 Nominal luminosity L 0 14. 2 (17. 7) 22. 2 (18. 5) Peak luminosity L 20 (25. 0) 30 (25. 0) Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 % 1033 cm-2 s-1 6

Main Linac Parameters (1) Overall Center-of-mass energy ECM 500 1000 Ge. V Active linac length / linac Einj 8 8 Ge. V Total linac length / linac 6. 71 13. 61 km Length for linac beam diagnostic and bypass ramps 7. 31 14. 21 km Total AC power into modulators / linac 89. 0 120. 4 MW Total AC power for RF / linac 98. 4 133. 1 MW RF frequency frf 11. 424 GHz Wall plug –to- rf efficiency 32. 1 % RF-to-beam efficiency 29. 2 % Wall-plug-to-beam efficiency 9. 37 % RF unit type 2 -pack Number of RF units / linac 1116 2264 Modulator Efficiency 80 Number of modulators / linac 1164 % 2264 Klystron Peak output power 75 1. 559 ms 55 Pulse length % Efficiency Number of klystrons / linac Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) MW 2232 GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 4528 7

Main Linac Parameters (2) Center-of-mass energy Ecm 500 1000 Ge. V Pulse Compression Type Dual-moded SLED-II Pulse compression ratio 4 Pulse compression efficiency Phase switching time 74. 6 % 10 ns 6. 01 m Tsw Distance between adjacent quads Accelerator Structure Type H 60 VG 4 S 17 Length 0. 602 Phase advance per cell m 150 deg Iris radius a/l 0. 17 Group velocity vg/c 1. 8 % Filling time tf 111 ns Attenuation parameter T ~ 0. 521 Unloaded Q Q ~ 7650 Shunt impedance Rs ~ 70. 7 MW / m RF pulse length 382 ns Peak RF power per structure 56. 0 MW 12. 3 deg Average RF phase Number of structures / linac Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) <f> 8928 GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 18112 8

Major development in 2003 n Efforts on R 1 and R 2 items as laid out in TRC-II report in collab. with the NLC team. Part of R 1, R 2 items cleared – PPM basic validation, SLED-II power compression. ¨ Some remain – Accelerator structures ¨ Efforts to continue in 2004 – Acc. structures. “Fuller” demonstration of SLED-II with additional waveguides and structure loads downstream. ¨ n Numerous beam control technology R&D at ATF. Progress made in low-intensity emittance studies (single- vs multi-bunch 　give consistent results at low-intensity) ¨ Steady progress in I&C hardware (e. g. laser wire detector, ODR, XSR) ¨ n Construction and operation of GLCTA. A basic 2 -klystron power source system was built (~ 60 MW, 400 ns). Initial system commissioning has begun and is expected to continue in 2004. ¨ Will plan extension of the system to include SLED-II pulse compression or other upgrades in ~2 yrs. ¨ ¨ Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 9

Updated TRC-II Information n http: //lcdev. kek. jp/TRCII/TRCupdates. html ¨ Status n http: //www. slac. stanford. edu/xorg/ilctrc/2002/report/03 rephome. htm ¨ TRC-II n update of R&D efforts related to R 1/R 2 items main web site http: //www. ligo. caltech. edu/~donna/ITRP_Home. htm ¨ ITRP Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) web site GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 10

Quick Dictionary n TRC-II （Technical Review Committee-II）： Founded under ICFA in 2001. Charged to review the recent status of LC design schemes and R&D（SLAC-R-606, published in early 2003)。 R 1 : “R&D needed for feasibility demonstration of the machine” R 2 : “R&D needed to finalize design choices and ensure reliability of the machine” ¨ R 3 : “R&D needed before starting production of systems and components” ¨ R 4 : “R&D desirable for technical or cost optimization” ¨ ¨ n n ILCSC （International LC Steering Committee）： Founded under ICFA in late 2002 to act as a steering body for world-wide cooperation on LC development. ITRP　（International Technology Recommendation Panel ）： Placed by ILCSC in early 2003 to recommend on “Technology Selection” for LC Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 11

PPM Klystron Status n Specifications [TRC R 2#2] : Simultaneous achievement of ¨ 75 MW, ¨ 1. 6 ms, ¨ 120 Hz n , or higher Results in 2003: ¨ Two PPM tubes built by KEK are approaching the spec. goals above. ¨ A PPM tube built by SLAC cleared the goal in Fall, 2003. Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 12

SLAC XP 3 -3 A. Vlieks@ISG-11 Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 13

PPM Klystrons R&D Y. H. Chin@ISG-11 PPM #4 : under testing at KEK Achieved: - 75 MW, 1. 7 ms, 50 Hz Status: - Testing at KEK after window repair has been temporarily concluded as of this week. Y. H. Chin@ISG-11 PPM#2 : under testing at SLAC Klystron lab. Achieved: - 75 MW, 1. 7 ms, 60 Hz - 68 MW, 1. 7 ms 120 Hz Status: - Gun repair nearly completed. Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) PPM #5 : after baking Status: - Readied for testing to start at KEK Y. H. Chin@ISG-11 GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 14

Plans for PPM Klystrons in 2004 n Existing tubes PPM#5 : Has been built in 2003. Test to start at KEK in ~ March. ¨ PPM#2 : Repair under way ¨ PPM#4 : Temporarily concluded testing in Feb. ¨ Some combination of KEK and SLAC PPM klystrons: Long-term high-rep-rate testing with a 2 -pack IGBT modulator at SLAC. ¨ n New tubes ¨ n Further improvements to the body cooling system and electron gun. More details: see presentation by Y. H. Chin Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 15

Accelerator Structure R&D Cells T. Higo Test Accelerator Struc. Most of 60 cm-long struc’s tested in 2003 include HOM slots and manifolds as required for GLC/NLC. J. Wang@ISG-11 Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 16

Accelerator Structure Summary n Specifications [TRC R 1#1]: Simultaneous achievement of ¨ ¨ ¨ n 60 cm-long ENL = 65 MV/m, 400 ns pulse length. BD rate 0. 1 / 1 hr in 60 Hz operation. Results in 2003: A few strucs cleared the BD goal with ENL = 60 MV/m, 400 ns. BD rate with ENL = 65 MV/m remains x 2 ~ 3 of the goal. Struc-to-struc variation of performance needs to be resolved. Some are suspected due to known anomalies during manufacturing or vacuum baking. ¨ Much reduced BD rate observed with “ramped” pulse shape, known to be used for beam-loading compensation (All other typical high-power tests are done with rectangular pulses). ¨ ¨ ¨ Field Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 Time 17

High-Power Testing in 2002 -2003. l H 60 -series built and tested in 2002 -2003. l BD rate found to be prop. to gradient. l “Acceptable” BD rate performance at 60 MV/m. l Performance not YET acceptable at 65 MV/m. With pulse “ramping” substantial improvement seen. C. Adolphsen, Jan. 2004 Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 l Struc-to-struc variation of permance needs to be resolved. Keep eyes on manufacturing / heat processing. l Must accelerate the data collection with a plural # of structures with identical design and build. 18

Plans for Acc Structures in 2004 n n n Highest priority: Additional construction of H 60 VG 4 S 17 -type structures Improve the statistical / systematic confidence in performance observations of the latest struc design. At SLAC expect to exploit the 2 -moded SLED-II power source, in addition to the existing NLCTA test stations for accelerated, parallel testing. Later this year we may reconsider More improvements to the structure design, or ¨ GLC/NLC overall parameter optimization (ENL : 65 60 MV/m gives only minor impacts on the cost, no impacts on the luminosity） ¨ n In parallel, try to improve the domestic capabilities： More purely-made-in-Japan structures. ¨ Build up infrastructure at GLCTA. ¨ n More details: see presentation by Toshi Higo Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 19

Pulse Compression (2 -moded SLED-II) Summary n Specifications [TRC R 1#2]：simultaneous achievement of producing X-band RF power of ¨ 475 MW, ¨ 400 ns n Results in 2003： ¨ Test at SLAC produced 475 MW, 400 ns at 30 Hz on 12/4/2003. Continual operation for 100 hrs. n Used solenoid-focussing type klystrons x 4 as power source. ¨ Maximum: Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) 580 MW, 400 ns. GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 20

Tested in 2003 Used solenoid-type klystrons x 4 56 M W Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 21

Input and Output pulses with SLEDII Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 22

Plans for SLED-II in 2004 n Distribution of the SLED-II power to accelerator structures ¨ ¨ ¨ n KEK team will contribute ¨ ¨ n Phase 1: 4 structures in Spring, 2004. Phase 2: 4 more struc (8 in total) in Summer/Fall, 2004. At each phase, semi-long-term operation at 60 Hz. Integration with structure testing in ~ Summer. Integration with PPM klystrons later as found possible. Hybrids (overheight models) to use as “power splitters” Personnel to participate in test operation at SLAC More details: see presentation by Y. H. Chin Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 23

Switching to PPM tubes as found possible 2004 Expansion of SLED-II testing Phase 1 Phase 2 addition Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) 56 MW Introduce newlybuilt acc strucs as GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPACfound available 2004 24

SLED-II additions in 2004 D. Schultz @ISG-11 Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 25

GLCTA n Set up next to ATF. ¨ n Possible beam acceleration exercise in the future. 2 solenoid-focused klystrons, straight power combiner, feeding one acc struc, as starter. Initial set-up built in 2003. Aim at testing ~ 65 MV/m in 60 cmlong structures in 2004. ¨ Later implement PPM klystrons. ¨ SLED-II also. ¨ ¨ n Considering GLCTA as a homeground for building up domestic infrastructure / human resources. ¨ n Continue full collaboration at NLCTA concerning rapid validation of required X-band technologies. For more details: see presentation by H. Hayano and T. Higo. Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 H. Hayano@ISG-11 26

GLCTA Hardware as of 2003 H. Hayano@ISG-11 Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 27

Plans for GLCTA in 2004 n Stable delivery of 60 MW, 400 ns power to one 60 cm-long accelerator structure ¨ ¨ n Preparation of RF power compression HW ¨ ¨ ¨ n Powered by a pair of solenoid-focussed klystrons. Misc improvement program in WR 90 waveguide system. Possibility of introducing circular WG for power handling margins. Establish an acc struc test station similar to NLCTA. . New, PFN-based “two-pack” modulator delivery expected in Feb. Commission the two PPM-focussed klystrons delivered in 2003. Misc design and prep work for the pulse compressor hardware More details: see presentation by H. Hayano, T. Higo, Y. H. Chin Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 28

Summary n n System Validation R&D for X-band (Higo / Chin) ¨ Acc Struc: Clarify the high-power performance at around 60 – 65 MV/m in 2004. ¨ PPM Klystron: Successful operation done in 2003. Will continue long-term + highrep rate operation exercises in 2004. ¨ SLED-II: Successful production of 475 MW, 400 ns pulses done in 2003. Will implement a full set of waveguide systems and acc structures downstream; and conduct a long-term operation exercise in 2004. ATF (Hayano) ¨ Beam physics: n n Consistent emittance results in low-intensity single-bunch vs multi-bunch operations in 2003. Need to check high-intensity performance in 2004. . Performance when wigglers are turned on. Study scheduled in 2004. Beam instrumentation: Progress seen in understanding of laser-wire “thickness”, ODR, OTR, XSR. Continue efforts in 2004. ¨ FEATHER: Fast beam feedback control exercise with nm-resolution BPMs. Prep efforts initiated in 2003, to continue in 2004. Also in Japan ¨ Modulator: Test operation of IGBT-type model scheduled in Spring-Summer, 2004 (Chin). ¨ GLCTA: (Higo, Hayano) ¨ n n n Built in 2003. Will set up the system so that high-power operation of one 60 cm-long acc struc becomes a routine in 2004. Towards 2005, prepare implementation of SLED-II, with PPM tubes. C-band (H. Matsumoto) ¨ High-power test of acc struc: Scheduled at SPring-8 in spring, plus related development GLC Overview (N. Toge) - LCPAC 2004 Feb. 20, 2004 (rev. 4) n 29