Girolamo Savonarola By MQ
Early Life Born in Ferrara on September 21, 1452 Third of seven children of Niccolò and Elena Bonacossi Started in medical studies but was fascinated with people like Thomas Aquinas In 1475 he entered a Dominican monastery at Bologna “The only good thing that we owe to Plato and Aristotle is that they brought forward many arguments which we can use against the heretics. Yet they and other philosophers are now in hell. ”
Early Life Continued. . . Transferred to convent of S. Marco in Florence Was not popular among the people He prophesied the doom of all tyrants Lorenzo de’ Medici urged him to bridle his tongue April 1492 refused to grant Lorenzo absolution because he would not give liberty to the Florentines
Early Life Continued. . . Acquired the consent of Alexander VI to sever his convent from the Lombard Congregation of the Dominican order Instituted reforms that inspired and swelled the ranks of recruits His fiery denunciations were frighteningly accurate Predicted deaths of Lorenzo and Pope Innocent VIII Terrible fate about to descend among Italy Charles VIII would invade Italy and it would be divine retribution
Savonarola as Dictator When Charles arrived in Florentine, Piero surrendered to the invader A delegation met Charles at Pisa and attempted to persuade him to moderate his demands November 17, 1494, Charles insisted on excessive reimbursement Savonarola got him to reduce his demands and leave the city
Savonarola as Dictator Continued. . . Savonarola held no public office Established a new republic on June 10, 1495 Initiated the appeal of arbitrary taxation Replaced with 10% property tax Undertook immediate relief of the poor and strict administration of justice Hymns supplemented profane songs, art objects and luxuries were cast aside and burnt Somber and unadorned clothes worn by all
The Bonfire of the Vanities
Fall From Power The Arrabiati and Pope Alexander VI were eager to rid Florence of Savonarola Displeased by public criticism leveled by Savonarola against his scandalous pontificate Twice in 1495 the Pope summoned Savonarola to Rome and ordered him to stop preaching Alexander warned putting the whole city under probation March 17, 1498, the Signory ordered Savonarola to stop preaching
Fall From Power Continued. . . The people were mad and disappointed when an ordeal by fire did not take place because of rain The Florentines demanded Savonarola’s arrest Plus two disciples Savonarola was tortured until he confessed many crimes May 23, 1498, convicted falsely of heresy Hanged then burned at the stake in the Piazza della Signoria
Plaque commemorating the spot where Girolamo Savonarola was executed in the Piazza Della Signoria, Florence.
Sandro Botticelli Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi Born 1444/45 in Florence Son of the tanner Mariano di Vanni and Smeralda Had three brother Four others died Died May 17, 1510
What prompted the artist to reject the achievements of the Renaissance and concentrate upon the message of his pictures? ? ?
Lamentation over the Dead Christ Played figures directly adjacent to the edge of the picture Gaze falls first on Christ whose white linen cloth stands out against black robes of the Virgin Joseph of Arimathea looking up to Heaven with a questioning, grief-stricken expression John and the Virgin appear to have a close relationship Fused together to form a unity Mary Magdalene bending over Christ’s feet in a tender gesture
Mystical Crucifixion Mary Magdalene clinging to cross A creature running away to the left - possibly a fox or wolf Angel in white striking a lion dead with sword Florence may be seen in background Dome of the Cathedral, the Campanile, the Baptistery and the Palazzo Vecchio Dark cloud filled with devilish beings hurling flames down upon the Earth. God the Father top-left corner Being driven away by angels
Mystical Crucifixion Continued. . . Mary Magdalene personifies Florence Repenting sins Fox/Wolf escaping and lion being killed are ancient symbols of deceit and violence Leaving sorrow for Florence or being done away with God is driving away the hellish clouds hanging over the city Shields are decorated with the coat of arms of the people Represents the time after the end of Medici rule
Bibliography Deimling, Barbara. Sandro Botticelli. Los Angeles, CA. Taschen, 2007 Hale, John. The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance. New York, NY. Atheneum, 1993 Villari, Pasquale, Villari, Linda. The Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola. New York, NY. Haskell House Publishers, 1969 Kreis, Steven. The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual Historyguide. org. http: //www. historyguide. org/intellect/savonarola. html Tytler, Carolyn. Biography: Girolamo Savonarola. Helium. com. http: //www. helium. com/items/1165066 biography-girolamo-savonarola Reformation Tours. The Reformers. http: //www. reformationtours. com/site/490868/page/17957 0
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