Getting Ready To Publish Peer Review Journal Selection

Getting Ready To Publish? Peer Review, Journal Selection, & Available Tools Howard Goldstein & Ardis Hanson College of Behavioral & Community Sciences

Outline Publishing and Peer Review Questions Editors & Reviewers Ask Publication-related tools Guidelines Selecting journals Impact factors

Why publish? Key indicator of scholarly contributions Prerequisite for grant funding Developing a national reputation Personal impact versus journal impact Scientific obligation

Peer Review 1732 in England by the Royal Society of Edinburgh and Royal Society of London. Considered an essential and integral part of consensus building. Used more for intellectual status than intellectual necessity. Blind (anonymous) peer review attempts to improve the quality of reviews by removing bias. Problems with peer review are widely acknowledged.

I have just finished a Memoir for the Royal Society, which has taken me a world of time, thought, and reading, and is, perhaps, the best thing I have done yet. It will not be read till May, and I do not know whether they will print it or not afterwards; that will require care and a little manoeuvering on my part. You have no notion of the intrigues that go in this blessed world of science. Science is, I fear, no purer than any other region of human activity; though it should be. Merit alone is very little good; it must be backed by tact and knowledge of the world to do very much. Thomas Huxley, p. 106. In Huxley, L. (1901). Life and Letters of Thomas H. Huxley, Vol. II. New York, NY: D. Appleton and Co For instance, I know that the paper I have just sent in is very original and of some importance, and I am equally sure that if it is referred to the judgment of my “particular friend”_____ that it will not be published. He won’t be able to say a word against it, but he will pooh it to a dead certainty … So I must manoeuvre a little to get my poor memoir kept out of his hands.

Peer Review Caveats Ø Can vary greatly by journal Ø procedures, confidentiality, and comprehensiveness of review. Ø Ø Ø Reject without external review Requires a delicate balance between social & scientific processes Every journal, editor, and reviewer is different Ø The questions each asks is different and each question is important Ø Ø Interesting video on problems with the review process (8: 33) See also the list of questions that editors and reviewers ask on the Research Forum Series website.

What Authors Should Do Minimize "presentation defects" Ø Ask colleagues to critically review the manuscript draft Ø Incorporate the reviewer comments and suggestions Ø Ø Keep a list of writing and editorial changes Ø Serving as a reviewer will strengthen your skills as an author

Available tools Commonly Accepted Guidelines Journal Citation Reports Ulrichs. Web Global Serials Directory World. Cat

Commonly Accepted Quantitative Guidelines Epidemiological Studies ◦ Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) ◦ STROBE initiative (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) Clinical Trials ◦ CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Meta-analyses and Systematic Reviews ◦ PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) Diagnostic Tests ◦ STARD (Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) Quality Improvement Reports ◦ SQUIRE (Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence) Statistical Biomedical Studies ◦ SAMPL (Statistical Analyses and Methods in the Published Literature) Available from http: //equator-network. org or from CBCS Research Forum Series website

Commonly Accepted Qualitative Guidelines for Critical Review Form Qualitative Studies 2. 0 COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) ◦ interviews & focus groups) ENTREQ (Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research) RATS (Relevance Appropriateness Transparency) ◦ Bio. Med. Central Available on Research Forum intranet website

Journal Selection Basic selection questions

Getting Started Audience matters ◦ Scientists should disseminate to different audiences Investigate a number of journals. Know the pecking order of journals in your field. Questions you might investigate about journals under consideration.

Basic Selection Questions

Decisions, Decisions 360 perspective important ◦ ◦ Discipline/ subject area Data sources and comparative data Visibility Acceptance/rejection information ‘Top ten’ lists Lit reviews are useful to find them Decision points: currency, selection criteria, intention, and relevance to you Impact factors

Impact Factors True of false? Any journal with an impact factor is a good journal. Social science journals rank lower in impact than science journals. The higher the IF, the Of the 67 journals ranked in Health more valued the Policy & Services, the top ranked journal is Milbank Quarterly at 4. 644, journal. the lowest is Sciences Sociales Et Sante at 0. 176.

Sample search Woehle, R. (2013). Visualizing the invisible college: Community among authors in top social work journals. Journal of Social Work Education, 48(3), 537 -552. 2012 Willcocks, L. , Whitley, E. A. , & Avgerou, C. (2008). The ranking of top IS journals: a perspective from the London School of Economics. European Journal of Information Systems, 17(2)163 -168. Wong, E. L. et al. (2013). Citation classics in nursing journals: The top 50 most frequently cited articles from 1956 to 2011. Nursing Research, 62 (5)344 -351. Rosen, D. et al. (2013). Just say know: An examination of substance use disorders among older adults in gerontological and substance abuse journals. Social Work in Public Health, 28(3 -4), 377 -387. Jennings, W. G. , Gibson, C. L. , Ward, J. T. , & Beaver, K. M. (2008). Which group are you in? A preliminary investigation of group-based publication trajectories of criminology and criminal justice scholars. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 19, 227 -250. Jennings, W. G. , Higgins, G. E. , & Khey, D. N. (2009). Exploring the stability and variability of impact factors and associated rankings in criminology and criminal justice journals, 1998 -2007. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 20, 157 -172.

Journal Citation Reports® Two editions: Science and Social Science Always check both editions for your journal. Journals are placed in Subject Categories. Journals have one impact factor but may be ranked in multiple subject categories in one or both editions. Provide additional journals to consider as well as widening an audience base Available through Web of Science (USF libraries)

Impact Factors and Immediacy Developed by Eugene Garfield in the 1950 s Reflects average of number of citations to recent articles published in journals JCR tracks Proxy measure for importance of journal in the field Impact Factor ◦ Current and 5 -year IFs Immediacy Index ◦ Cites in 2012 to items published in 2012 Formula A = the number of times that articles published in that journal in 2006 and 2007, were cited by articles in indexed journals during 2008. B = the total number of "citable items" published by that journal in 2006 and 2007. 2008 impact factor = A/B.

Subject Categories & Disciplines Ø May affect who your audience is, the expected theoretical or epistemological frameworks, and the emphasis of scientific vs. practical implications. 1 13 14 15 Impact Factor Social Science 16 Science Social Science EPIDEMIOLOGY 5. 738 1 HEALTH SERV RES HEALTH QUAL LIFE OUT HEALTH ECON VALUE HEALTH 49 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP 51 HIGH ALT MED BIOL J EPIDEMIOL HEALTH EXPECT 54 52 53 2. 013 Rank Quartile 17 18 QUAL HEALTH RES AM J MANAG CARE HLTH POLICY & SERV 22/67 Q 2 -- -- 19 HEALTH EXPECT 55 70/13 Q 3 20 57 59/161 Q 2 EUR J HEALTH ECON HUM RESOUR HEALTH PSYCHIAT SERV ZDRAV VARST 0. 163 PSYCHIATRY PUB, ENV & OCC H 26/136 Q 1 21 26 136 Science EPIDEMIOL REV 9. 269 55 58 59 161 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA BMC PUBLIC HEALTH ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION STAT MED PSYCHIAT SERV ENVIRON RISQUE SANTE 0. 307

Category Name: Science Public, Environmental & Occupational Health Category Description: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health covers resources dealing with epidemiology, hygiene, and health; parasitic diseases and parasitology; tropical medicine; industrial medicine; occupational medicine; infection control; and preventive medicine. Also included are resources on environmental health; cancer causes and control; aviation, aerosol, and wilderness medicine. Category Name: Science Psychiatry Category Description: Psychiatry covers resources on clinical, therapeutic, research, and community aspects of human mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Category Name: Social Science Health Policy & Services Category Description: Health Policy & Services covers resources on healthcare systems, including healthcare provision and management, financial analysis, healthcare ethics, health policy, and quality of care. ****Category Name: Science Health Care Sciences & Services Category Description: Health Care Sciences & Services covers resources on health services, hospital administration, health care management, health care financing, health policy and planning, health economics, health education, history of medicine, and palliative care.

Related Journals Journal Relatedness is based on the strength of cited and citing relationships. • The number of citations from the citing journal to the cited journal • The total number of articles in the related journal • The total number of citations from the citing journal The same calculation measures the relatedness of journals to a subject category. • The number of citations from journals in the subject category to the related journal. • The total number of articles in the related journal. • The total number of citations from journals in the subject category.

Science Citation Index

Social Science Citation Index

Psychiatric Services [1075 -2730] is an international interdisciplinary journal published monthly by the American Psychiatric Association. Formerly known as Hospital and Community Psychiatry and Mental Hospitals, the journal provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of psychiatric care, treatment, and service delivery. It has a strong clinical focus but also offers in-depth coverage of administrative, legal, economic, and public policy issues. With its emphasis on research to practice to policy, Psychiatric Services was rated as one of the top ten health services research journals by the Institute for Scientific Information for over ten years. Ulrichs. Web Global Serial Directory classes Psychiatric Services as a refereed, academic/scholarly journal. The current editor, Howard H. Goldman, M. D. , Ph. D. , is Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A blind peer review process is used, obtaining 3 reviews on average, including one from an editorial board member. The average length of brief reports are 1200 -1600 words with only a single table or figure. The average length of regular articles is 3000 words. An average of 600 manuscripts are submitted yearly. Seventy percent of submissions are rejected. Twenty percent end up published as research reports. Another 10% submitted as research reports end up published in some other format such as letters or columns.

Ulrichs. Web Global Serials Directory Like one-stop shopping. I can pull up and select the reviews I want, then download them as. pdf, . txt, . csv or. xls files with specific data: Basic Subject Classifications Additional Title Details History Publisher & Ordering Details Price Online Availability Abstracting & Indexing Other Availability Demographics Reviews Related Titles

Psychiatric Services has an impact factor of 2. 481. In the 2012 Journal Citation Reports Science Edition, Psychiatric Services is ranked 48 th of 101 journals in the PSYCHIATRY class; and 28 th of 105 journals in the PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH class. In Social Science Edition, Psychiatric Services is ranked 10 th of 41 journals in the HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES class; and 10 th of 76 journals in the PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH class. Psychiatric Services is indexed and/or abstracted by the following vendors: Adis International Ltd. (Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes News, Reactions Weekly), British Library Board (Allied & Complementary Medicine), EBSCOhost (Allied and Complementary Medicine, Chicano Database, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, CINAHL, Current Abstracts, Family & Society Studies Worldwide, Poetry & Short Story Reference Center, Psyc. INFO, Public Affairs Index, RILM Abstracts of Music Literature, Soc. INDEX, Social Work Abstracts, TOC Premier, Violence & Abuse Abstracts), Elsevier BV (EMBASE, Scopus), Meta. Press (Abstracts in Anthropology), National Library of Medicine (Pub. Med, Medline, Excerpta Medica), OCLC (Article. First, Psyc. FIRST), Ovid (Allied & Complementary Medicine, Psyc. INFO, Personal Alert), Pro. Quest (Pro. Quest Central, 5000 International, Health and Medical Complete, Health Management, Medical Library, Nursing and Allied Health Source, Psychology Journals, Research Library, Psychology Module, Psyc. INFO, RILM Abstracts of Music Literature), Thomson Reuters (A&H, Science, & Social Science Citation Indices, Current Contents, and Web of Science).

h- and g-indexes Another way to look at journal impact. h-index ◦ grows as citations accumulate, i. e. , the ‘academic age’ of a researcher. g-index ◦ g is expected to be a good correlation with the total number of citations an author has received. h correlates with the highest number of citations which the most quoted paper brings to his author. Accordingly g is often greater than h.

Things to consider A journal may have a medium to high impact factor yet have a low h- and g-index. Conversely, a journal may have a high h- and g-index and not be ranked at all in JCR. There is no standard ranking for journals using the h- and g-index. Social sciences rank lower than sciences.

Closing Thoughts Use Ulrich’s as a quick overview of the journal. Ø Look at JCR for impact and subject categories. Ø Then check out the journal website if you are still interested. Ø Keep a record of the journals in which you are interested -- tracking impact, publisher info, audience, focus, etc. Ø Because one day you may need it to advise new professionals or colleagues about where to publish or for your promotion/tenure package. . . Ø