Gerund Герундий Лектор Бородич С А Герундий

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Gerund Герундий Лектор Бородич С. А.

Герундий – неличная форма глагола, выражающая название действия. Обладает как свойствами существительного, так и свойствами глагола. Обладая свойствами существительного, может служить в предложении: 1. Подлежащим: Reading is her favorite occupation. 2. Именной частью составного сказуемого: Her hobby is reading. 3. Часть составного глагольного сказуемого: He finished reading the book. 4. Прямым дополнением: I remember reading it. 5. Предложным косвенным дополнением: I am fond of reading. 6. Определением: I had the pleasure of reading your article. 7. Обстоятельством: After reading the letter I put it into the bag. n

Глагольные свойства герундия выражаются в следующем: 1. Герундий может иметь прямое дополнение: I remember reading this book. 2. Герундий может определяться наречием: He likes reading aloud. 3. Герундий имеет формы времени и залога: Active Indefinite Perfect reading having read Passive being read having been read

Active Gerund and Passive Gerund Когда действие, выраженное герундием, совершается лицом или предметом, к которому оно относиться, то употребляется Active Gerund. He likes inviting his friends to his house. I remember having shown her the letter. n Когда действие, выраженное герундием, совершается над лицом или предметом, к которому оно относиться, то употребляется Passive Gerund. He likes being invited by his friends. I remember having been shown the letter. n

Раскройте скобки употребляя Passive Gerund or Active. 1. He was always ready for (to commit) crime. He was always ready for committing crime. 2. The case need (to investigate). The case need investigating. 3. I was angry at ( to rob) every moment. I was angry at being robbed every moment. 4. The offence is not worth (to discuss). The offence is not worth discussing. 5. He had a strange habit of ( to steal) something. He had a strange habit of stealing something.

Use the Gerund of the verb in brackets in the active or passive voice. n n n n Why do you avoid ------------( speak) to me? She tried to avoid ---------------(to speak) to. The doctor insisted on-------(to send) the sick man to hospital. The child insisted on ---------(to send) home at once. He showed no sign of -----------(to recognize) me. He showed no sign of -----------(to surprise). He had a strange habit of -----------(to interfere) in other people's business. 8. I was angry of -----------(to interrupt) every other moment. 9. So I see. You are good at ----------- (to make) yourself at home. 10. He looked forward to -----------(to meet) his parents. 11. He hated _____(to remind) people of their duties or (to remind) of his. 12. The operator can set the machine in motion by ----------- (to push) the button or by ----------(to press) the pedal. 13. Raymond didn't like ----------- (to call) Ray. 14. Do you mind -----------(to examine) the list? 15. I appreciate ----------- (to invite) to your house. 16. He tried to avoid -----------(to see).

В некоторых случаях Active Gerund употребляется со значением в форме Passive. Такое употребление встречается после глаголов to need, to want, to require и после прилагательного worth. My shoes need repairing ( а не being repaired) Мои ботинки нужно починить. n This dress wants washing ( а не being washed) Это платье надо выстирать. The book is worth reading (а не being read) Эту книгу стоит прочесть. Герундий может выражать действие, не относящееся к определенному лицу или предмету: Swimming is useful. n

n n n Change the sentences using the Gerund after the verbs to need, to want, to require, to deserve and the adjective worth. Examples: You should repair your car. Your car needs repairing. You should buy these shoes. These shoes are worth buying. It's high time to dust the carpet, Jane. _______ Oh, dear! You mustn't drink the water. Filter it first. _____ Don't forget to invite them to the party. ______ You should polish your shoes. ______ It's high time to have your hair cut. _______ You shouldn't speak of this matter at the meeting. _____ This film is rather boring. You'd better go to the cinema next week____ You should clean your coat. ________ It'll be useful if you see this exhibition. _____ You should water the roses and cut off the dead branches. ____

Indefinite Gerund n Indefinite Gerund употребляется, когда действие, которое он выражает: 1. Одновременно с действием, выраженным глаголом в личной форме: I am surprised at hearing this. 2. Относиться к будущему времени: We think of going there in the summer. 3. Безотносительно ко времени: Swimming is useful.

Perfect Gerund употребляется, когда действие, которое он выражает, предшествует действию, выраженному глаголом в личной форме: I don’t remember having seen him before. He mentioned having read it in the paper. n После предлогов on, upon, after, without и после глаголов excuse, forgive, thank употребляется Indefinite Gerund хотя в этих случаях действие, которое он выражает, предшествует действию, выраженному глаголом в личной форме: On receiving the letter we decided to return. After concluding the contract, they left Minsk. You must excuse my not answering you before. I thank you for coming. n

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму герундия. 1 1. She confessed to (to bribe) the judge. She confessed to having bribed the judge. 2. After thoroughly (to listen) to all evidences the juror decided what really happened. After thoroughly listening to all evidences the juror decided what really happened. 3. She accused him of (to blackmail) her. She accused him of having blackmailed her. 4. It doesn’t prevent him from (to be tried) again. It doesn’t prevent him from being tried again 5. He seemed sorry for (to assault) her. He seemed sorry for having assaulted her. 6. She thanked the witness for (to be) honest. She thanked the witness for being honest.

Use the Gerund of the verb in brackets in any appropriate form. I don't enjoy- --------(laugh) at by other people. Being laughed n Letters were no use: he had no talent for-------(to express) himself on paper. expressing n The boys were punished for--------(to break) the window. having broken n He suddenly stopped--------(to read). There was no point in-------(to go on) now. reading, going n That's an interesting question. I don't recall ever--------(to ask) that question before. having been asked n I'm still hungry in spite of--------(to eat) four sandwiches. having eaten n He complained of--------(to give) a very small room at the back of the hotel. having been given n It's no good--------(to deny) it. denying n Since Tom was his best friend he helped him without-------(to ask). being asked n The boy was very thirsty in spite of--------(to drink) a big cup of tea. having drunk n The apples on the tree need------- (to pick). picking n She admitted--------(to steal) the money. n

Use the Gerund of the verb in brackets in any appropriate form. n n n n He apologized for-------- (not to invite) Jack to the party. The baby went to sleep a few minutes after--------(to feed). Try and help the nurse by--------(to keep) quiet and tidy. In spite of--------(not to prepare) his homework Nick went to school. He got into the house by-------(to climb) through a window, without-------- (to see) by anyone. John mentioned about--------(to enter) the University. Mary was chosen to feel the vacancy. She was very pleased-------(to choose).

Употребление герундия в различных функциях 1. В функции предложного косвенного дополнения герундий употребляется после многих глаголов, прилагательных и причастий: to be disappointed at - быть разочарованным в to be surprised at – удивляться чему-л to be responsible for – быть ответственным за to prevent from - препятствовать to result in – приводить к чему-л. to spend in – тратить на что-л. to succeed in -удаваться to be interested in – интересоваться чем-л. to accuse of – обвинять в to approve of –одобрять что-л. to suspect of- подозревать в to hear of – слышать о to think of- думать о to be afraid of- бояться чего-л. to be fond of- любить что-л. to be proud of- гордиться чем-л. to insist on- настаивать на to get used to- привыкать к

Употребление герундия в различных функциях 2. В функции определения герундий употребляется с различными предлогами, чаще с предлогом of: There are different ways of solving this problem. We discussed different methods of teaching. К числу существительных, после которых часто употребляется герундий в функции определения, относятся: astonishment (at) – удивление disappointment (at) – разочарование plan (for) – план reason (for) – причина experience (in) – опыт skill (in) – мастерство art (of) – искусство fear (of) – страх habit (of) - привычка hope (of) - надежда idea (of) – мысль, идея means (of) -средство necessity (of) - необходимость pleasure (of) - удовольствие possibility (of) - возможность problem (of)- проблема

Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary. n n n 1. She only succeeded. . . blocking the way. 2. She paid no intention. . . leaving. 3. There is no point: . . staying. 4. He did not object. . . being examined. 5. I was not used. . . driving a big car through crowded streets. 6. She was surprisingly clever. . . finding out things. 7. How can I prevent her. . . going there? 8. They positively insisted. . . visiting all the rooms. 12. What are your reasons to accuse her. . . taking the papers? 13. Everything depends. . . being on the spot. 14. I thanked him again. . . lending me the car. 15 I thought … taking a trip up the Scandinavian coast.

Употребление герундия в различных функциях 3. В функции обстоятельства герундий употребляется: a) С предлогами on (upon), after, before, in (в то время как, при) для выражения времени: After saying this he left the room. – Сказав это, он вышел из комнаты. Before leaving for Minsk I called on my mother. - Перед отъездом в Минск я зашел к маме. b) С предлогами for (за), through (из-за), owing to (благодаря) для выражения причины: Excuse me for being so late. He caught cold through getting his feet wet. c) С предлогом by со значением путем, при помощи для выражения образа действия: He improved his article by changing the end. d) С предлогами besides, instead of, without, apart from (помимо) для выражения сопутствующих обстоятельств. Besides being clever, he is very industrious. He left the room without waiting for a replay. e) С групповыми предлогами for the purpose of, with the object of , with a view to ( с целью, для того чтобы) для выражения цели. A Polish delegation arrived in Moscow with the object of conducting negotiations. f) С предлогами without, in case of, in the event of (в случае если), subject to (при условии) для выражения условия:

Complete the following using the Gerund: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. We couldn’t even dream of…. . Everybody wished he stopped…. . He is sure to boast of…. . You can’t act without…. . Are English people fond of…. ? I hardly remember …. . We don’t often have the chance of…. Is there any use in …. ? We all look forward to…. . Everybody disliked the idea of …. .

Translate into English using Gerund. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Я не люблю провожать. Я предпочитаю, чтобы провожали меня. Я помню, что положила деньги в сумку. Она не может позволить себе покупать такие дорогие вещи. Он продолжал говорить, не обращая внимания на наши слова. Она была сердита на нас за то, что мы ее побеспокоили. Я помню, что была больна в это время. Этот вопрос стоит обсудить. Он подумывает о том, чтобы оставить работу.

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