Germany and Japan Transformed DEMOCRATIC üBoth Nations became _______ after WWII üGermany divided into two separate countries ______
A DIVIDED EUROPE • • DEMOCRATIC Western Countries = _______ Eastern Countries = communist _______ FREE (no ___ elections like Stalin had promised!) Imaginary • IRON Curtain: ______ line that separated Eastern and Western Europe (communism vs. democracy)
Democracy in West Germany • constitution _____ written outlawed • Nazi Party ______ Federal • Became known as the ____ Republic of Germany (1949) asylum • Often gave political ____ to people in dangerous political situations (especially people from communist countries!) This means: a Haven/protection country gives/provides_____ to people who feel unsafe in their own country! Holocaust • Germans felt really bad about the _____. Today: friends with ____ Israel
Democracy in Japan democratic • After the Bomb: Japan _____: U. S. occupied Japan to help them _______. democratize (ended in 1952) • Japan’s new Constitution: constitutional • Created ______ monarchy war • Japan agrees to never use ______ as a political weapon Government • Set up a _____. Japanese Parliament DIET called the ____ vote • Women gained right to _____ • EQUAL ____ rights given
Emperor Hirohito and General Mac. Arthur
Atomic Bomb
• VS. • DEMOCRACY CAPITALIST/mixed • ______ Economy • (Free market) TOTALITARIAN Command Economy COMMUNIST (______)
What’s a Superpower? • Superpower: a word used to describe two COUNTRIES WORLD _____ that dominate ______ politics. • After WWII: the ______ and ______ were USSR superpowers! USA
• The Truman Doctrine STOP • Policy/Program designed to ____ Soviet aggression. • Relied on the idea of CONTAINMENT __________: This means you SPREADING prevent something from_______ to another place. The U. S. tried to stop COMMUNISM the spread of _____ to other parts of the world!
The Cold War Begins • During WWII: U. S. and Soviets fought TOGETHER _____ developed • After WWII: Rivalry ______ between both countries situation • COLD WAR: Describes the ____ between Soviets the U. S. and the ____ from 1945 -1989. • Why was it called a “Cold” war? : The U. S. and DIRECTLY Soviets never fought _____. Instead, they fought in different ways!
• The Marshall Plan” FINANCIAL $$$$ • U. S. offered MASSIVE _______ aid to countries that agreed to DEMOCRATIC remain/become _______. U. S. offered this to EASTERN _____ Europe. Stalin ACCEPT wouldn’t let these countries _____ this $$$$$!
Page 31 of your packet! TWO • Germany divided into _____ countries. • West Germany: 3 Zones of OCCUPATION _______ (France, GB, U. S. ) • East Germany: Occupied by the Soviet Union ______
What About Berlin? (p. 31 packet) Berlin was located in the middle of: EAST • ____ Germany. Biggest city! Allies agree to divide it up into East Berlin (USSR) and WEST ____ Berlin (FR, GB, U. S. ) Many people tried to escape to West Berlin from EAST Berlin. _____ USSR (cross out Stalin; he died in 1953)builds BERLIN the ______ Wall to prevent this in the 1960 s!
Crisis in Germany KEEP • Stalin (in the late 40 s) tried to _______ the other Allies (not Allied)out of Berlin. He ROADS closed all _______ routed into the city. BLOCKADE This is called a _______. • What did the Allies do to make sure people had the supplies they needed in West BERLIN _____? ? ? (flew supplies in!)
The Berlin Airlift • Allies flew in supplies every 90 seconds STOPPED • Stalin _______ the blockade after a year and realized Berlin would have to be SHARED!
Opposing Military Alliances: NATO vs. Warsaw Pact HELP • Alliance: When a country agrees to _____ another country in the event of an attack. • NATO vs. The Warsaw Pact ATLANTIC • (North ______Treaty • Organization) NATO • Democratic countries belonged to _______ • Soviet-influenced countries belonged to the WARSAW PACT ______
Go back to p. 30 of packet West Berlin was controlled/monitored by USA France ______, and Great Britain ______. East Berlin was controlled by East Germany. Heavily influenced/puppet government of the Soviet Union Berlin Wall (1961 -1962) The ______ divided the two parts of the city.
What the USSR did in RESPONSE to revolts in the satellite countries: FORCE • USSR USED ____ to make satellite nations obey!
The Hungarian Revolt 1956 • When? ____: Hungary’s NAGY • Leader, Imre _______ got rid of Soviet TROOPS Warsaw _______ and withdrew from the ____ Pact. RULE • Hungarians: No more Soviet _____!
Hungary, 1956
Invasion of Czechoslovakia SPRING (aka Prague _____) 1968 • When? _______: President Alexander Dubcek called for Communist control REFORMS _____ and eased Soviet ______. Tried to write a new _____. constitution • CZECHS: No more Soviets!
Soviet Response to Hungary and Czechoslovakia: • What the USSR did in RESPONSE to this: FORCE • USSR USED ____ to make satellite nations obey! • 1956 - crushed rebellion in Hungary and sent in tanks/Soviet Army. Removed Nagy from power and put a new leader in place • 1968 - Soviets crushed the rebellion by putting a new leader in power to replace Dubcek/arrested protesters
The Arms Race • U. S. A-Bomb: 1945 1949 • Soviet’s: _______ 40 • For _____ years, used technology to develop deadlier and more powerful weapons to use against each other. CREATED ______ these devices to psych each other out!
The Space Race SPUTNIK • 1957: _____: first satellite by the Soviets. U. S. • 1958: ______ satellite launched MAN • 1961: First _____ in space by Soviets MOON • 1969: First man on the _______ (U. S. )
The Space and Arms Races
SURROGATE Cold War fought in ________ countries (representative states/SUBSTITUTE) War by proxy/proxy war
East Asia WAR KOREAN _______: After WWII divided into North and South Korea. USSR supported SOUTH the North. U. S. supported the _______. When the North tried to take over the spread of South, we prevented the _____. communism
Korean War
Cold War in Asia VIETNAM • ______ War: 1954 - Vietnam gains independence from France. Divided into SOUTH COMMUNIST North and Democratic _______ • (Ho Chi Minh) (Ngo Dinh Diem) • U. S. unsuccessful! U. S. withdrew in 1973 COMMUNIST _____ and Vietnam became _____!
Vietnam War
Vietnam War Part II
Middle East EGYPT Arab States and Israel: ______ accepts money from USSR to build up Aswan country (______ high Dam). President Nasser Gamal. Abdel ______ declared war on Israel (its neighbor). Soviets gave weapons to Egypt. U. S. gave weapons to ISRAEL _______
Africa European After independence from _______ CONGO ANGOLA countries, _____ and ____ each have civil wars. U. S. and Soviets fought for influence. U. S. supported anti. MOBUTU communist dictator _______ Sese Seko. He brutally/corruptly ruled till the 1990 s!
Latin America FIDEL • CUBA: Soviets supported ______ Castro. U. S. tried to overthrow the dictator BAY unsuccessfully in the _____ of Pigs incident. The USSR built nuclear bases in CUBA U. S. ______ and pointed weapons at ______ targets. In 1962, JFK ordered the Soviets to get rid of these weapons and we agreed not to invade Cuba. This was called the CUBAN _____ Missile Crisis. Cuba remains ______ even today. COMMUNIST
Cuban Missile Crisis
CENTRAL AMERICA Guatemala • ______- U. S. helped overthrow president Arbenz ______. He was supported by the USSR. • Nicaragua- 1970 s- Sandinista revolutionary Guerilla rebel group took over. We supported ____ groups to fight against them because they were supported by the USSR! El Salvador- U. S. helped rebels during a bloody civil war until 1991!
• Non-Aligned Countries • WHAT? ? ? - These were nations that NEUTRAL remained ______ and didn’t want to get involved in the Cold War! YUGOSLAVIA (actually communist, • INDIA and ________ but didn’t get along with USSR) • They wanted to focus on building their CONFLICTS own countries and avoid _______
What did the UN do during the Cold War? PLACE • Provided a _____ for the superpowers to talk about their differences EFFECTIVE • Not really ____ during the Cold War EXPANDED • Since 1991, it has ______ its role to include peacekeeping. (Example: War in Bosnia/Somalia etc. )
• Easing of Cold War Tensions 1970 s • Starting in the _______, period known as Détente, lessening or ______ of tension between Soviets and U. S. Nixon • President _____ and Premier Brezhnev involved in this: arms • _____ control talks exchanges • Cultural ____ TRADE • _______ agreements • Beginning of the End: The Invasion of Afghanistan • ______ ended in Detente _____ when the USSR 1979 invaded Afghanistan. (wanted a Pro. Communist government there) • Relations _____ worsen between the U. S. and the USSR.
• • Causes Gorbachev Leadership of Mikhail ________ Glasnost _____: opening to democratic ideas Reshaping the communist economy: Perestroika ______ Hardships • Soviets plagued with economic ____ Eastern • Freedom movements in _____ Europe
• When communism ends in 1991: Commonwealth Formation of the ______ of Independent States Superpower • Loss of role as a _______ COLD • End of the ______ War Hardships • Economic _______ (transition to • Conflicts market economy hard!) • Minority revolts (Chechnya!)
Changes Within the Soviet Bloc #1 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 JAf. LJ h. S 45 U&list=PLy 6 gecc. A_g. Sv. E 8 Bn. IGb. O 3 J Re. R 7 p. Ojz_ON&index=61
Gorbachev Known for his TWO great programs to reform the USSR: • PERESTROIKA: Economic restructuring/reform • GLASNOST: Openness
#2 Crisis in the USSR https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=5_m. UF Mma 20 k&list=PLy 6 gecc. A_g. Sv. E 8 Bn. IGb. O 3 JRe. R 7 p. Ojz_ON&index=62
• Break-Up of the Soviet Union • The following countries gain their independence: Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania: BALTIC known as the ______ states • Gorbachev eventually steps down as BORIS leader. _______ Yeltsin took over. Today: PUTIN Vladimir _____ is Prime Minister. Has struggled with U. S. on foreign policy! Medvedev is President as of 2010.
#4 Life in Modern Russia https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Dfpcs. VH B 2 As&index=64&list=PLy 6 gecc. A_g. Sv. E 8 Bn. I Gb. O 3 JRe. R 7 p. Ojz_ON
Changes in Eastern Europe • Transformation of Eastern Europe: • The “iron curtain” will “Dismantled” get _______ all over Europe starting in 1989. “Dismantled” because this was not an actual curtain, but rather, a metaphor for the division in Europe! • POLAND: • In the 1980 s, Lech _____ Walesa led workers group called Solidarity. Poland gained its independence in 1989. Walesa became the President.
Fall of the Berlin Wall TORN 1989: Berlin Wall ______ down. East Germany and West _____ were reunited. democratic Germany remains a _______ country today!
End of Communism, 1989 -1991
Fall of the Berlin Wall torn 1989: Berlin Wall _____ down Germany East and West ______ were reunited. Germany remains a democratic _________ country today!
• Other Countries to Gain their Independence from Communist Rule: (sometimes results in violence!) • Romania, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia (became the Czech SLOVAKIA Republic AND _____), East Germany, Yugoslavia, and Baltic States _________.
New Nations and Civil Wars: The War in the Balkans 1990 s War former Civil _____ broke out in the _____ Yugoslavia! 3 different religious groups clashed: Muslims Croatians (Catholic), Bosnians (_____), and Serbians (Orthodox Christians). GENOCIDE committed against all parties resulted in War Crimes ______ for. TRIALS of the leaders some involved! (Slobodan Milosevic: _______ was on Captured anda war crimes tribunal until his death in trial at Peacekeeping 2006). NATO sent _______ troops in to maintain peace.
Yugoslavia Collapses #5 Video https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=047 t. Cieo td. Y&index=65&list=PLy 6 gecc. A_g. Sv. E 8 Bn. IG b. O 3 JRe. R 7 p. Ojz_ON
#6 July 1995 700 000 Killed in Balkans Massacre https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=RGJw. Pr Lay 7 Y&index=66&list=PLy 6 gecc. A_g. Sv. E 8 B n. IGb. O 3 JRe. R 7 p. Ojz_ON
#7 Yugoslavia https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=zau. Pxd. N mz. EA&list=PLy 6 gecc. A_g. Sv. E 8 Bn. IGb. O 3 JRe R 7 p. Ojz_ON&index=67
Rebuilding Kosovo #8 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=1_Jl. LOK ZGEs&index=68&list=PLy 6 gecc. A_g. Sv. E 8 Bn IGb. O 3 JRe. R 7 p. Ojz_ON
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