
893dba3e2710367a973ae037503a7309.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 28
Geography, Time, and the Representation of Cultural Change – Experience from a Large Collaboration: The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI) Michael Buckland Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative University of California, Berkeley Knowledge by Networking Berlin, June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin.
ECAI Mission: Transform education and research through better understanding of place, time and culture. Five ideas. . . 1. Understanding requires knowing the context. 2. Using Internet resources should be like using reference books in a library – and as easy and as reliable. 3. Design: Find the context of any museum object, document, or performance: What is related to it in what it is, where it came from, when it originated, and who is associated with it? 4. WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, and WHO (“ 4 W”) as a structure. 5. Make better use of existing descriptive metadata. June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 2
“ 4 W” Search Support Facet WHAT Vocabulary Thesaurus WHERE Gazetteer Displays Crossreferences Any catalog: Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV, Publishers Map WHEN Period directory Timeline WHO Biograph. dict. Interpersonal e. g. Who’s Who relationships June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. Any resource: Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data, Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages 3
WHAT Subject headings Cross-references Kung fu movies SEE Martial Arts films FORMERLY Hand-to-hand fighting, oriental, in motion pictures NEED TO MAP TO & BETWEEN UNFAMILIAR VOCABULARIES “Automobile” in four dialects: - PASS MOT VEH, SPARK IGN ENG (U. S. Import/Export statistics) - TL 205 (Library of Congress Classification) - 180/280 (US Patent classification) - 3711 (Standard Industrial Classification) “HS 847120 Digital auto data proc mach contng in the same housing a CPU and input & output device. ”(International Harmonized Commodity Classification System). = Computer! June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 4
WHERE Place name gazetteer Map Dots link to portal Ctesiphon (Ancient site) June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 5
WHAT is WHERE? Catalog + gazetteer + map. Search for books on Folklore, then geographical sort. June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 6
WHERE is WHAT? Draw box on map around South America. Gazetteer names capital cities (“PPLC”) for search in catalog. June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 7
WHEN Named Time Periods Timeline People speak of time by naming periods and events: - In reign of Charlemagne… - During the Weimar Republic… - After the Vietnam War… - When I was a student… This practice is culturally situated -- and resembles the use of place names. We developed a “Named Time Period Directory” like a place name gazetteer: Place name gazetteer Place name – Type of place – Lat. & Long. – when Named period directory Period name – Type of period – Chron. Time -- where June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 8
Example: WHAT happened in IRELAND in 1690 s? Time Period Directory records in Google Earth. Zoom to Ireland 1690 s. Icon for Siege of Limerick, 1690. Click link for library search. Catalog records list books and show context. June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 9
WHEN Time Period Directory Timeline Search LC Catalog Search Wikipedia June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 10
WHO Biographical Dictionary Complex relationships Life events metadata But for “knowbynet” we need external links! WHAT: Actions prisoner WHERE: Places Holstein WHEN: Times 1261 -1262 WHO: People Margaret Sambiria New project: Automatic context finding for biography. Example: Electronic search engine pioneer. June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 11
Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900 -04; Ph. D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ. , 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906 -07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907 -17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917 -1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933 -37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHO? Click a name to search for an internet resource. June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 12
Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900 -04; Ph. D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ. , 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906 -07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907 -17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917 -1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933 -37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHERE? June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 13
Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900 -04; Ph. D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ. , 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906 -07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907 -17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917 -1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933 -37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHAT? June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 14
Technical comment: WHAT, WHERE, WHEN indexes are often complex. Links create infrastructure! Library subject headings: Topic – Geographic subdivision – Chronological subdivision Place name gazetteer: Place name – Type – Spatial markers (Lat & long) – When Time Period Directory: Period name – Type – Time markers (Calendar) – Where June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 15
Any document, object, or performance Connect it with its context – and other resources. Facet Vocabulary Displays WHAT Thesaurus e. g. LCSH WHERE Gazetteer WHEN Period directory Timeline WHO Biograph. dict. Personal e. g. Who’s Who relations Any catalog: Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV, Publishers June 22, 2007 Crossreferences Map Knowbynet, Berlin. Any resource: Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data, Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages 16
A “ 4 W” search interface http: //ecai. org/imls 4 w/ June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 17
Search term recommender service for LC Subject Headings Entry Vocabulary Index suggests correct LCSH with different spelling Buttons for searchable resources & local catalogs June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 18
Potentially related people June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 19
Potentially related periods June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 20
Mostly in India 16 th 18 th century June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 21
Find out more about this area. June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 22
Different Browsing Options! June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 23
Zooming to South Asia Select Set limits in time frame June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 24
Interface generates menu page General information about the country of India… Berkeley Natural History Museums Wikipedia BBC Ethnologue CIA Factbook June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 25
June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 26
ECAI Cultural Atlases: presenting history in its geographical & chronological contexts June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 27
Understanding means knowing context. Go geo-temporal! Use dynamic links! Provide context! The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative Advancing scholarship through increased attention to place and time. http: //ecai. org/imls 2004 This represents the work of many people, including Dr Vivien Petras (GESIS-IZ, Bonn). We thank the US Institute of Museum and Library Services, the National Science Foundation, and the Luce Foundation for their support. Come to the next ECAI conferences! Berkeley, Oct 17 -20, 2007; Perth, Australia, April 22 -24, 2008. June 22, 2007 Knowbynet, Berlin. 28