Genito-Urinary Tract 1- Haematuria: At the beginning of

Genito-Urinary Tract

1- Haematuria: At the beginning of micturition is usually indicative of urethral pathology. At the end of micturition is usually due to bladder neck pathology. Throughout the urinary stream is typical of renal pathology. In elderly males is usually related to benign prostatic hypertrophy. All of the above.

2- An intravenous pyelogram: Yields most diagnostic information when performed on a slightly hydrated patient. Should be preceded by a plain film of the abdomen. Normally shows incomplete filling of the ureter in any one exposure. Should provide evidence of the presence, if any , of lower urinary tract obstruction. All of the above.

3- Wilms’ tumours: Metastasise readily to the lungs. Metastasise rarely to the bones. Are usually bilateral. Have the worst prognosis of all childhood abdominal tumours. B&C only.

4- In renal transplantation: A donor kidney may be used from a patient with malignancy provided there is no abdominal involvement. ABO compatibility between donor and recipient does not have to be considered. Satisfactory renal function can be expected with a warm ischaemic time of up to 200 minutes. The characteristic signs of acute rejection include pyrexia, hypertension and leucocytosis. A&B only.

5- An adenocarcinoma of the kidney: Usually occurs in the 35 to 45 age group. Usually presents with a urinary infection. Is often distinguishable from a renal cyst radiologically. Frequently invades and grows along the renal vein. A&C only.

6- Tumours of the renal pelvis: )All correct except one) Rarely present as a mass in the loin. Are possibly due to a urinary carcinogen. Resemble those of the bladder in their histology. Are best treated by a partial or total nephrectomy. Usually cause hematuria and clot colic.

7- Ureteric calculi: Often result from urinary tract infection. Rarely cause haematuria. Are not usually radio-opaque. producing ureteric colic should be surgically removed. B&C only.

8- Cancer of the penis: Is more common in the circumcised. Commonly arises from the corona of glans penis. Is usually an adenocarcinoma. Rarely metastasises. C&D only.

9- Carcinoma of the prostate: Is commonly of squamous cell origin. Usually originates in the periphery of the gland. Usually presents relatively early with lower urinary tract symptoms. Rarely can be diagnosed on rectal examination. All other above

10- Carcinoma of the prostate: Does not usually metastasise. Usually produces an elevated serum acid phosphatase. Can be effectively treated by hormones. Is most effectively treated by surgery. B&C only.

11- Benign prostatic hypertrophy: )all correct except one) Is the result of hyperplasia of the fibromuscular capsule of the gland. Results in diminished power of urination. Results in terminal dribbling of urine. Often presents with haematuria. Might cause mild elevation of serum PSA.

12- Benign prostatic hypertrophy: Can readily be assessed on rectal examination. Can be effectively treated with hormones. Is most effectively treated by surgery. Is a premalignant condition. Rarely presented with macroscopic hematuria

13- Acute prostatitis: (all correct except one) Is most commonly due to coliform organisms. Often presents as an ache in the perineum. May be diagnosed by rectal examination. Requires bladder catherisation as part of the treatment. May be lead to a prostate abscess formation.

14- Bladder cancer: ( all correct except one) May follow exposure to beta-naphthylamine. Is more common in heavy smokers. Is more common in females. Is frequently associated with bladder schistosomiasis. May caused by chronic urinary bladder inflamation.

15- Bladder cancers: Are usually adenocarcinomas. Are usually ulcerating. Usually present with suprapubic pain radiating to the perineum. Are usually diagnosed on cystoscopy. All of the above.

16- Undescended testes: Are often associated with inguinal herniae. Usually descend at puberty. Can usually be made to descend by the examiner with warm hands. Should be treated by orchidopexy at puberty. Can be exist without any complication.

17- The spermatic cord contains: The inferior epigastric vein. The deep circumflex iliac artery. The pudendal nerve. The subcostal nerve. Vasdeference.

18- Torsion of the spermatic cord: Often presents with vomiting and lower abdominal pain. Often produces gangrene of the testis. May be diagnosed clinically. Always requires surgical treatment. All of the above.

19- Seminomas of the testis: Most commonly occur before the age of 40. Are usually sensitive to radiotherapy. Rarely metastasise via the blood stream. Generally carry a good prognosis. All of the above.

20- Hypospadias: Is the result of failure of scrotal development. Results in the abnormal urethra opening on to the dorsum of the penis. Is associated with chordee. Is associated with maldescent of the testis. C&D only.