Gender equality in science European facts and figures

Gender equality in science European facts and figures Florence BOUVRET European Commission Research Directorate-General Directorate L Science, Economy and Society Unit L. 4 - Scientific culture and gender issues 18 -05 -2009 Aarhus

Where are we? • Background : Women in Science Policy - FP 6 - FP 7 • Where do we stand after 10 years? Figures. . . • Latest activities: new studies and recommendations • What next?

Main Steps in policy development Women and Science Communication (1999) ü Sector/unit Women & Science ü DATA COLLECTION (public & private, enlarged EU, etc) ü ANALYSIS: comparison of national policies, exchange of knowledge… ü NETWORKING ü PROMOTION: Role models, embassators, mentoring… ü GENDER WATCH SYSTEM (internal to DG RTD) ü POLITICAL FORUM (Helsinki Group) ü EXPERT GROUPS (esp. WIRDEM, Statistical correspondents, industrial sector…) 40% Excellence and Innovation - Gender equality in science (2005) Council Conclusions of 18 April 2005 Gender Pact (European Council 23/24 March 2006) 25%

Women in Science in FP 6 2002 -2006 - 18 M€ in 4 years Increasing the NUMBER of women in science through: • Monitoring (She Figures, and Gender Watch internally) • Working conditions (WLB, Partnership for Researchers) • Reaching out to schools to combat early stereotypes • Network promotion (EPWS) • Women in Industrial Research • Ambassadors of science, mentoring • Gender management in research organisations MAINSTREAM gender in research: • Inter-service working group on gender implications in different research fields (transports, nanotechnologies, health …) • Gender Reporting in FP funded projects (part of regular reports)

Women in Science FP 7 2007 -2013 -16 M€ in 3 years Wider scope, impact and public engagement … organisational changes • 2007 • Meta-analysis on gender and research (horizontal / vertical segregation) • Survey on positive action schemes for women in decision-making (EU, USA, Australia, Canada) • Gender training and toolkits for FP 7 • 2008 • Expert group “Gender and Excellence” on grant and funding systems, transparency and accountability • Gender management in organisations, best practices • 2009 • Mobilising and engaging other stakeholders in the debate on gender in science ( S&T centres and museums) • Changes in the organisations • 2010 and beyond …Actions to implement the changes

Where are we? • Background : Women in Science Policy - FP 6 - FP 7 • Where do we stand after 10 years? Figures. . . • Latest activities: new studies and recommendations • What next?

Data and Analysis 1. SHE FIGURES 2009 leaflet 2. GENDER EQUALITY REPORT (internal data) - see website

Proportion of female researchers, 2006

Proportion of female Ph. D (ISCED 6) graduates, 2006

Academic Career? Men and Women EU-27, 2002/2006 Definition of grades: A-The single highest grade/post at which research is normally conducted within the institutional or corporate system, B Researchers working in positions not as senior as top position (A) but more senior than the newly qualified Ph. D holders, C-The first grade/post into which a newly qualified Ph. D (ISCED 6) graduate would normally be recruited within the institutional or corporate system. Headcount.

Science and Engineering Men & Women EU-27, 2002/2006 Grade A - The single highest grade/post at which research is normally conducted, Grade B - Researchers working in positions not as senior as top position (A) but more senior than the newly qualified Ph. D holders, Grade C - The first grade/post into which a newly qualified Ph. D (ISCED 6) graduate would normally be recruited ISCED 6 – Advanced higher education programs (Ph. D) ISCED 5 A – Basic higher education programs (Bachelors and Masters) leading to access to advanced university studies (Ph. D)

Proportion of women in grade A academic positions, 2002/2007

Where are we? • Background : Women in Science Policy - FP 6 - FP 7 • Where do we stand after 10 years? Figures. . . • Latest activities: new studies and recommendations • What next?

Contract: meta-analysis l Meta-analysis of gender in research (2 M € - 30 months - contract till 29/10/2010) l Consortium led by CIREM - Spain l Production of a database on European gender research of the last 25 years l l Vertical segregation Horizontal segregation Causes and effects http: //www. genderandscience. org l Country group reports expected this summer l Final analysis in 2010

Contract: Gender toolkit & training l Gender toolkit and training activities (€ 700, 000 - 24 months) l Consortium led by Yellow Window - Belgium l Preparation of a gender toolkit on 9 FP 7 themes with case studies for each theme l 4 information seminars in Brussels about the project l Training sessions to start in autimn 2009 for NCPs, researchers, project coordinators, any interested party. l DISSEMINATE THE INFORMATION (leaflet available) l http: //www. yellowwindow. be/genderinresearch/

Benchmarking of policy measures for gender equality in science • • • Updates previous Helsinki Group report on National Policies on Women and Science in Europe (2002) Covers EU-27 + Iceland, Israel, Norway, Croatia, Switzerland, Turkey, in addition to five Western Balkans countries Mapping of current gender equality measures Identify and analyse the success of key women and science policies and actions Produce national statistical profiles Analyse success of identified policies and actions

The gender challenge in research funding Assessing the European national scenes • • • - Sex-disaggregated analysis on access to research funding No very systematic pattern on success rate by sex was found However there are gender patterns (e. g. women are less likely to apply for funding than men and they request smaller amounts of money) Measures implemented in pro-active countries include targets or quotas; and integrated policies that increase university funding based on universities performances in terms of gender equity. Final recommendations from the group: – Taking the gender challenge seriously (positive actions and political will) – Increasing funding applications from women researchers – Improving gender balance among “gatekeepers” of research funding – Gender monitoring and publishing of qualitative and quantitative indicators, broken down by discipline and research instruments – Improving accountability and transparency in allocation of research funding (publications of procedures and criteria, conflict of interest of evaluators, etc. )

Women in S&T Expert group on Women in Science & Technology (2007 -2008): creating sustainable careers • • Ø Ø Several studies within the private sector Business case of policies for reconciliation of private and professional life: how to stop the leaky pipeline through work-life balance (WLB)? Flexitime (WLB tool) requires broader view on career and heavy workload management Need a change in corporate culture

Where are we? • Background : Women in Science Policy - FP 6 - FP 7 • Where do we stand after 10 years? Figures. . . • Latest activities: new studies and recommendations • What next?

STRUCTURAL CHANGES Programs aimed at increasing numbers of women in science generally attempt to fix the women… to make them competitive… But is not enough…you also have to fix the administration …” Londa Schiebinger

Fixing the ADMINISTRATION • • 2005: Charter for Researchers and Code of conduct for recruitment of researchers 2007: Comparative study on positive actions in Europe and third countries at institutional and national level 2008: “Better careers and more mobility: European Partnership for Researchers” 2008: Gender management in research organisation: identify and promote best practices 2009: Modernisation of universities HR management 2009: Awareness raising among public and private institutions 2009: Involvement of public at large in the debate on gender in science

A milestone Conference Prague 14 -15 May 2009 Changing Research Landscapes to make the most of human potential - 10 years of EU activites on women and science - and beyond Stock-taking of 10 years’ activities on women in science Comparison with third countries’ experiences Definition of steps forwards

Thank you for your attention! • • General Commission website: • http: //www. ec. europa. eu Women and science (part of science, economy and society): • http: //ec. europa. eu/research/science-society/ FP 7: http: //ec. europa. eu/research/fp 7 • •