GDP and Economic Well-Being GDP is

GDP and Economic Well-Being • • GDP is the best single measure of the economic well-being of a society. GDP person tells us the income and expenditure of the average person in the economy.

GDP • IS THE MARKET VALUE OF ALL FINAL GOODS AND SERVICES PRODUCED WITHIN A COUNTRY IN A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME • ( IN OTHER WORDS IT PUTS A DOLLAR VALUE FOR AN ECONOMIES PRODUCTION) • Example-Fords made in Michigan go towards GDP • Hondas made in Michigan go towards GDP-even though the company is from Japan. • As long as it is in our borders it counts towards GDP

INVENTORY IS A FINAL GOOD • Goods that are placed into inventory are considered to be “final” and included in GDP as a firm’s inventory investment.

GDP-FINAL AND INTERMEDIATE GOODS • MEASURES THE FINAL GOOD • IF A PAPER COMPANY MAKES PAPER AND SELLS IT TO HALLMARK WHICH THEN SELLS THE GREETING CARD ONLY THE FINAL PRICE OF THE GREETING CARDS IS MEASURED BY GDP • INTERMIDIATE GOOD-THE PAPER • FINAL GOOD-THE CARD.

GOODS AND SERVICES ARE MEASURED WITH GDP • GOOD-CD OF MIKE JONES YOU BUY • SERVICECONCERT OF MIKE JONES

WITHIN THE COUNTRY • IF TOYOTA MAKES A CAR IN THE US THAT GOES TOWARDS THE US GDP • IF EXXON SELLS GAS IN CHINA DOES NOT COUNT TOWARDS GDP

IN A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME • THE GOVT WILL TAKE THE GDP DATA AND AJUST IT FOR SEASONALITY • FOR EXAMPLE XMAS IS A BIG BOOST TO GDP

• If a Canadian citizen works temporarily in the United States, the value of his output is included in GDP for the United States. If an American owns a firm in Haiti, the value of the production of that firm is not included in U. S. GDP.

GDP • GDP-GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT • GDP MEASURES TWO THINGS AT ONCE • TOTAL INCOME OF EVERYONE IN ECONOMY • AND • TOTAL EXPENDITURE ON THE ECONOMY’S OUTPUT OF GOODS AND SERVICES

GDP • IT CAN MEASURE BOTH AT ONCE BECAUSE INCOME MUST EQUAL EXPENDITURES • BECAUSE IF SOMEONE BUYS SOMETHING FOR 10 DOLLARS THEN THEY HAVE SPENT 10 DOLLARS(EXPENDITURE) AND SOMEONE HAS RECEIVED 10 DOLLARS(INCOME)

GNP – Ownership All goods/services produced legally for pay by citizens of a country. [Citizenship mattered, not geography] China Plano, TX GDP - Location All goods/services produced legally for pay in a country’s borders. [Geography matters, not citizenship] Provo, UT BMW in Waco Europe Nike in Indonesia in Chicago Honda in Ohio The difference between GDP & GNP is about 2/10 of 1%.

PROBLEMS WITH CALCULATING GDP • NONMARKET TRANSACTIONSSERVICES OF STAY AT HOME MOMS OR A MECHANIC WHO FIXES THEIR OWN CAR NEVER GET COUNTED IN GDP

PROBLEMS WITH CALCULATING GDP • DISTRIBUTIONDOESN’T SHOW THAT 90 PERCENT OF THE WEALTH IN THIS COUNTRY IS WITH LESS THEN 10 PERCENT OF THE PEOPLE

PROBLEMS WITH CALCULATING GDP • KIND AND QUALITY OF PRODUCTS- A CRAPPY PRODUCT IS COUNTED JUST A MUCH AS ONE THAT LAST A LONG TIME.

1. Intermediate Goods – components of the final good. A. Ford buys batteries or tires for its cars. B. KFC buys chickens to eventually sell to customers.

Only Final Sales($20) Count [to prevent Value of Output($) Intermediate Good Value Added – increase in the market value at each stage Final Good Retail Shirt $8 Wholesale Shirt $7 $12 8 $7 7 Cloth $5 $4 $4 $4 $1 $1 $1 Cotton 0 $1 $1 Cotton Farmer Textile Mill Sum = $38 Shirt Manufacturer Retail Store Value Added ($) $20 “Wife-beater” Shirt from Kohls $20 “multiple counting”($38)] 4 1 $20 = sum So, to avoid “multiple counting”, we count the $20 final price, not $38.

2. 2 nd Hand Sales – no current production. A. 1957 Chevy bought in 2007 This falls under the rule of “Do Not Double Count” 57 Chevy [Gas was 30¢ gallon. ] Salesman [It has not been produced again in 1963 & would not count. ] The salesman is doing productive work. His commission would count. B. Boots produced in 1980 are bought in a Thrift Store in 09. They also have not been produced again. Salesman’s commission would count. You are buying his services. Shoe salesman

• So again, second hand sales, let’s say from Salvation Army, do not count. The salesman’s commission does count.

3. Purely Financial Transactions – stocks, bonds, CDs. There is no current production Ex: If 100 shares of Dell stock is bought Buying stock is not buying a product buying ownership of the firm. Buying bonds is making a loan. I’m not buying a Dell computer but part ownership of Dell. Exchanging one financial asset for another [swapping bits of paper]

4. A. Public Transfer Payments–welfare, unemployment, social security. [There is no contribution to final production] security production “Now that I’ve gotten my welfare check, I can get an i. Phone 3 G” B. Private Transfer Payments, like your Payments parents giving you $250 cash for Christmas, Christmas or - $100 for making an “A” in economics [Just transferring funds from one private individual to another private individual]

Unreported “legal” business activity [tax avoidance[ does not count. This is two-thirds of the “underground economy. ” Before LASIK Surgery Then he has LASIK but the surgeon doesn’t report $500 of his $3, 400 bill? And what if this waitress doesn’t report all tips? tips And what if the dentist doesn’t report $400 for teeth whitening? whitening

Illegal business activity, because it goes unreported, also does not count. Making up 1/3 of the “underground economy, ” also called the [“black market”] it includes murder for hire, market” gambling, drugs, prostitution, and money laundering. “Give me the money in your purse, but at least it will not count in GDP. ” Money Laundering Making money illegally (drug money) and making it look like it was legally earned (like buying a laundry mat or car wash that deal in cash) and report it as legally earned.

Illegal Legal $300 B $600 B D Brib rugs ery $ $35 120 Gam $255 loyed mbling and Loan Sharking $10 Go od s$ 35 Sto len is the “Underground” Rents & Royalt ies $30 rp ora te and Salaries $185 Pr of its $5 0 5 5 $5 $5 What doesn’t get reported Co t st res ere nte IInt 20 aphy $ r Pornog $30 l $20 0 d rau Illega $3 F n er io h t Ot tu sti Wages ro P lf Emp Se $25 Other Legal What gets reported is the “Above Ground”

Underground Economy [compared to “above ground”] Unreported exchanges that take place - legal and Illegal [Hidden – “off the books”] Total illegal activities - $300 billion Total legal activities - $600 billion Total legal and illegal - $900 billion Underground Economy 1. Illegal business activities (1/3) – gambling, narcotics trade, prostitution, loan sharking, etc. 2. Unreported legal business activities (2/3) a. waitresses not reporting all of her tips b. Cabdriver not reporting all of his income c. Self employed cheat the most. Off-the-books cash transactions d. $300 billion $300 B *IRS estimates that about $300 billion in income taxes from the underground economy escapes federal taxes each year.

[as a Percentage of GDP for Select Nations] 0 Mexico S. Korea India Italy Spain China Sweden Germany France United Kingdom Japan Switzerland United States 5 Percentage of GDP 10 15 20 25 30 Source: Journal of Economic Literature

Work in your own household or volunteer work in the community does not count because there was no payment. You need to do some of this housework.

Work in your own household or volunteer work in the community does not count because there was no payment. So, don’t marry your maid, yardman, or fitness instructor, or you will hurt GDP.

GM in France Nike in Indonesia If U. S. corporations produce goods overseas, overseas it does not count in GDP, but would count in GNP. Remember, we are measuring production inside the U. S. Imports represent production outside of the U. S.

1. Second Hand Sales[no production] 2. Public/Private Transfer Payments 3. Purely Financial Transactions 4. Intermediate Goods 5. U. S. Corporations producing overseas 6. Non-market transactions [household or volunteer work] Underground Economy 7. Illegal business activity 8. Unreported legal business activity

- When Outback buys potatoes for baked potatoes - When a tattoo business buys ink for tattoos - When Tom Thumb buys spam to sell it to you - When the popsicle maker buys the sticks - Dell buys a computer monitor frame - Ice cream that Braum’s buys for sundaes - A bakery buys an apple to put in its pies - When Ford buys a windshield wiper for a car - When hooker, J-Lo Ho, is paid $200. 00

On the next slide, read each sentence and determine, “To Be or Not To Be Counted? ” That is the question. If “Yes”, put “Y” and tell if it is “C”, “Ig”, “G”, or “X”. If “No”, put “N” and give the number from below on why it is not counted in GDP DOES NOT INCLUDE 1. Second hand sales [no current production] [but the salesman’s commission counts] 2. Public/Private transfer payments [no current production] 3. Purely financial transactions [no current production] [broker’s fees do count] 4. Intermediate goods [component of final good] 5. U. S. corporations producing overseas 6. Non-market transactions [ household or volunteer work. Underground Economy [not reported] 7. Illegal business activity [prostitution, murder-for-hire, illegal drugs, etc. ] 8. Unreported legal business activity [“off the books”] Example: ___ 1. New Toyota Tundra truck manufactured in San Antonio and C Y sold to your economics teacher the year it was produced ___ 2. You buy a new Wii at Game. Stop in 2009. Does it 1 N count if you resell it on e. Bay in March of 2010? 2010

C Y ___ 1. You buy a purple “Tinky Winky” from Wal-Mart. 6 N ___ 2. You and your family paint your house. [labor involved] house 6 N ___ 3. You marry your housemaid. [“working-for-love”] [her services] housemaid 3 N ___ 4. You buy 100 shares of Microsoft Corporation. 6 N ___ 5. You volunteer to babysit your little sister to help your parents while they work. 1 N ___ 6. Bob buys a 1965 ford Mustang convertible, in 2010, which is in mint condition. C Y ___ 7. The salesman gets a commission [pay] for selling that 1965 Ford Mustang in 2010. 6 N ___ 8. You and your friend volunteer to cook at the senior class picnic. 8 N ___ 9. Dr. Payne does $1, 000 worth of dental work but reports only $500 of it. Does the $500 the dentist keeps and doesn’t report count? 7 N ___ 10. You are given s suitcase full of $100 bills from the sale of smuggled drugs 6 N ___ 11. Your mother is teaching you to read [& not having much success]. 6 N ___ 12. Your dad bakes you a home-baked loaf of bread. [his labor] bread 1. 2 nd Hd sales C Y ___ 13. You buy a loaf of bread from Kroger’s Grocery Store. 2. Transfers G Y ___ 14. The U. S. government purchases 5 B-2 Bombers for $2 B each. 3. Financial 4 N ___ 15. Ford buys a ton of sheet metal used in making car doors 4. Intermediate C Y ___ 16. You buy a new “i. Pad” from the Apple store. 5. Overseas C Y ___ 17. You send in a $90 check to your dentist for cleaning your teeth. 6. Non-market teeth Ig Y ___ 18. Your family buys a new house next to the mansion of Bill Gates. 7. Illegal G Y ___ 19. 100 additional teachers are hired by the Frisco ISD. 8. Unreported Ig Y ___ 20. GM invest in $500 million worth of robots to assemble their cars. 6 N ___ 21. You volunteer 10 hours a week of your time to work for senior citizens. ___ 22. Ford produces 25, 000 F 150 s in Denver which are not sold by the end of the year. Ig Y ___ 23. Russia buys 3, 000 Dell computers, produced in NY, as they become Rusky Dell Dudes X Y ___ 24. A man’s wife does all his cooking and sewing, working for him 16 hours per day 6 N 5 N ___ 25. Nike produces $10 million worth of Nike Air Jordan’s in Vietnam

It depends on whether she is the maid or housewife.

It depends on whether he is the owner or hired mechanic.

THE MIX OF OUTPUT IN 1900 THE MIX OF OUTPUT IN 2000 Manufacturing 22% Services 22% Construction and Mining 9% Government 18% Construction and Mining 6% Farming 2% Farming 37% Manufacturing 20% Government 10% Services 54%

Lets’ take a look at some “Is It Included In GDP” questions on the 2007 FRQ.

3. [8 pts] Indicate whether each of the following is counted in the U. S. GDP for the year 2006. Explain each of your answers. (a) The value of used textbook sold through online auction in 2006. Answer: No, it was counted the year it was produced. Because it was not produced again, it would not be counted. That would be double counting. [2 pts: 1 pt for saying not included and 1 pt for saying not produced in 2006] b. Rent paid in 2006 by residents in an apartment building built in 2000 Answer: Yes, rents consist of the income received by the households and businesses that supply property resources. The properties have to be maintained or “serviced” each year. It is included in the income approach to GDP. [2 pts: 1 pt for “yes” and 1 pt for saying this is the payment for services] c. Commissions earned in 2006 by a stockbroker Answer: Yes, payment is being made for productive services of the broker. So the purchase of stocks would not count but his work would. [2 pts: 1 pt for “yes” and 1 pt for saying this is the payment for services] d. The value of autos produced in 2006 entirely in South Korea by a firm fully owned by U. S. citizens Answer: No, GDP measures production inside the U. S. regardless of ownership. These autos were produced in South Korea. [2 pts: 1 pt for “not included” and 1 pt for saying produced in Korea]

Y= STANDS FOR GDP C=CONSUMPTION(CONSUMERS BUYING STUFF) I=INVESTMENT-FACTORIES/HOUSING G=GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON STUFF NX=NET EXPORTS(EXPORTS –IMPORTS)

THE EQUATION TO MEASURE GDP • Y=C+I+G+NX • WHAT IS THAT CRAP?

• “Y. ” in equilibrium GDP expenditures must be equal to income. The “Y” stands for income because the letter “I” is used for investment

Y=C+I+G+NX • Y=C+I+G+NX • OR • GDP=CONSUMPTION + INVESTMENT +GOVERNMENT PURCHASES + NET EXPORTS

Y=C+I+G+NX • CONSUMPTIONSPENDING BY HOUSEHOLDS ON GOODS AND SERVICES- YOU GOING TO JACK IN THE BOX OR PAYING ME TO TAKE YOU FISHING!

• Definition of Consumption: spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing.

Y=C+I+G+NX • INVESTMENTPURCHASE OF CAPITLAL EQUIPMENT, INVENTORIES, AND STRUCTURES, SUCH AS THE GM FACTORY. ALSO INCLUDED IS BUYING OF NEW HOUSES.

Housing is Weird • The value of housing services is somewhat difficult to measure. • a. If housing is rented, the value of the rent is used to measure the value of the housing services. • b. For housing that is owned (or mortgaged), the government estimates the rental value and uses this figure to value the housing services.

• Investment goods (such as structures and vehicles used in production) are not intermediate goods. Investment goods represent products purchased for final use by business firms.

• Definition of Investment: spending on capital equipment, inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new housing.

Y=C+I+G+NX • GOVERNMENT PURCHASESINCLUDES SPENDING ON GOODS AND SERVICES BY LOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL GOVENRMENTS. EXAMPLES AIR FORCE BUYING A PLANE FROM BOEING. MAGNOLIA HIRING ME TO TEACH. (GOODS AND SERVICES)

• Definition of Government Purchases: spending on goods and services by local, state, and federal governments. • 1. Salaries of government workers are counted as part of the government purchases component of GDP. • 2. Transfer payments are not included as part of the government purchases component of GDP.

TRANSFER PAYMENTS • Government purchases and transfer payments. Transfer payments are actually negative taxes representing payments from the government to individuals (with no good or service provided in return) rather than payments from individuals to the government.

TRANSFER PAYMENTS • Examples of transfer payments commonly issued by a government are all associated with providing assistance in basic living needs for citizens of the country. Some of the transfer payments that are issued are to provide temporary help during a personal crisis, such as when individuals lose their jobs. Unemployment compensation falls under the classification of transfer payments, since the recipient is usually not expected to repay the funds issued. In like manner, any type of relief, disability, or welfare payments

Y=C+I+G+NX • NET EXPORTSDOMESTIC GOODS PURCHASE FROM FOREIGNERS(EXPO RTS) – THE DOMESTIC PURCHASES OF OF FOREIGN GOODS (IMPORTS) • IN OTHER WORDSEXPORTS-IMPORTS

NET EXPORTS EXPLAINED • SUPPOSE YOUR FAMILY BUYS A HONDA for 30 k(A FOREIGN CAR MADE IN JAPAN) • What happens to GDP • CONSUMPTION +30 K • NET EXPORTS -30 K • SO NO EFFECT ON GDP • MAKE SENSE?

• Definition of Net Exports: spending on domestically produced goods by foreigners (exports) minus spending on foreign goods by domestic residents (imports).

QUICK QUIZ • WHAT IS THE EQUATION

QUICK QUIZ • WHAT DO EACH LETTER STAND FOR? • WHAT ARE THEY

Government Purchases 19% Net Exports Investment -5 % 16% Consumption 70%

Britney contributes $110 -$120 million each year to the economy, and much more than that when she is on tour. 1. Paparazzi clear $4 million a year off her pictures. 2. Record companies, promoters & licensers make $30 -$40 million. 3. Kevin Federline earns a cool $1 million off her name. [Nightclubs pay him just to show up] 4. Newspapers, magazines, other media rake in $75 million. 5. Tabloids sell up to 33% more with her on the cover.

Comparative GDPs in Trillions, 2008 U. S. Japan China Germany France U. K Italy Russia Brazil Canada Spain India Mexico Australia South Korea 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14. 3 4. 5 4. 2 3. 8 3. 0 2. 9 1. 8 1. 7 1. 6 1. 5 1. 2 1. 1 1. 0 953 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)

Real versus Nominal GDP • • Nominal GDP values the production of goods and services at current prices. Real GDP values the production of goods and services at constant prices.

Gross Domestic Product – market value of all final legal output produced in a country in one year. Nominal (money) GDP =$6. 00 Year one $2. 00 The base year is the benchmark year to which other years are compared. Nominal GDP measures “current” output valued at current prices. Nominal (money) GDP =$6. 10 Year Two $3. 05 [Recession - decrease in real output] Real GDP – measures only output. [measures current output at base-year prices ($4), not current prices ($6. 10)]. [“Real” or “constant-dollar” GDP]

Importance of Real GDP in Determining a Recession Real GDP measures current output at base-year prices. Apple GDP Example A country produces 10 apples in base year x $1; Nominal [current] & Real [constant] GDP both=$10 Year 2: A country produces 10 apples x $1. 25; Nominal GDP=$12. 50 (no recession but worse off) [Real GDP would = $10 (10 apples x $1)] Or Year 2: A country produces 9 apples x $1. 25; Nominal GDP=$11. 25 but real is $9 (9 apples x $1) (recession although nominal GDP is up)

Nominal [money] GDP v. Real GDP An increase in prices and/or output will increase nominal GDP. Only an increase in output will increase real GDP Nominal GDP could increase even if output falls. Real GDP = Nominal Y/GDP deflator x 100 So, nominal GDP measures output & prices Real measures only output [actual production] Constant (real) GDP v. current (money) GDP

GDP Deflator • • The GDP deflator measures the current level of prices relative to the level of prices in the base year. It tells us the rise in nominal GDP that is attributable to a rise in prices rather than a rise in the quantities produced.

GDP Deflator The GDP deflator is calculated as follows:

Calculating Inflation Rate • GDP Deflator = Nominal GDP / Real GDP X 100 • Inflation Rate = (Current Year’s GDP Deflator – Previous Year’s GDP Deflator) / Previous Year’s GDP Deflator X 100 • Inflation Rate Current Year GDP Deflator – Previous Year GDP Deflator • *100 • Previous Years GDP Deflator

Converting Nominal GDP to Real GDP Nominal GDP is converted to real GDP as follows:

Real and Nominal GDP

Finding inflation with Deflator • Current Year Deflator – Previous Year Deflator divided by previous years deflator • Or • Current – Previous • • Previous * 100 = inflation rate

Calculating Inflation Rate • GDP Deflator = Nominal GDP / Real GDP X 100 • Inflation Rate = (Current Year’s GDP Deflator – Previous Year’s GDP Deflator) / Previous Year’s GDP Deflator X 100 • Inflation Rate Current Year GDP Deflator – Previous Year GDP Deflator • *100 • Previous Years GDP Deflator

Real and Nominal GDP Use the equation for Inflation rate to solve for inflation Remember it is current-previous divided by previous

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Price of Footballs $10 12 14 Quantity of Footballs 120 200 180 Price of Basketballs $12 15 18 Quantity of Basketballs 200 300 275 Nominal Gdp year 1? Nominal Gdp Year 2? Nominal Gdp year 3? Nominal GDP in Year 1 = ($10 × 120) + ($12 × 200) = $3, 600 Nominal GDP in Year 2 = ($12 × 200) + ($15 × 300) = $6, 900 Nominal GDP in Year 3 = ($14 × 180) + ($18 × 275) = $7, 470

Year Basketballs Year 1 Price of Footballs Quantity of Footballs Price of Basketballs $10 120 $12 200 Year 2 12 200 15 300 Year 3 14 180 18 275 • • Using Year 1 as the Base Year: Real GDP in Year 1 = ? Real GDP in Year 2 = ? Real GDP in Year 3 = ? Quantity of

Year Basketballs Year 1 Price of Footballs Quantity of Footballs Price of Basketballs Quantity of $10 120 $12 200 Year 2 12 200 15 300 Year 3 14 180 18 275 • Using Year 1 as the Base Year: • Real GDP in Year 1 = ($10 × 120) + ($12 × 200) = $3, 600 • Real GDP in Year 2 = ($10 × 200) + ($12 × 300) = $5, 600 • Real GDP in Year 3 = ($10 × 180) + ($12 × 275) = $5, 100 • (Note that nominal GDP rises from Year 2 to Year 3, but real GDP falls. )

Year Basketballs Year 1 Price of Footballs Quantity of Footballs Price of Basketballs $10 120 $12 200 Year 2 12 200 15 300 Year 3 14 180 18 275 • GDP deflator for Year 1 = ? • GDP deflator for Year 2 = ? • GDP deflator for Year 3 =? Quantity of

Year Basketballs Year 1 Price of Footballs Quantity of Footballs Price of Basketballs Quantity of $10 120 $12 200 Year 2 12 200 15 300 Year 3 14 180 18 275 • GDP deflator for Year 1 = ($3, 600/$3, 600) × 100 = 100 • GDP deflator for Year 2 = ($6, 900/$5, 600) × 100 = 1. 2321 × 100 = 123. 21 • GDP deflator for Year 3 = ($7, 470/$5, 100) × 100 = 1. 4647 × 100 = 146. 47

• • Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 • • • Nominal GDP in Year 1 = ($10 × 120) + ($12 × 200) = $3, 600 Nominal GDP in Year 2 = ($12 × 200) + ($15 × 300) = $6, 900 Nominal GDP in Year 3 = ($14 × 180) + ($18 × 275) = $7, 470 • • • Using Year 1 as the Base Year: Real GDP in Year 1 = ($10 × 120) + ($12 × 200) = $3, 600 Real GDP in Year 2 = ($10 × 200) + ($12 × 300) = $5, 600 Real GDP in Year 3 = ($10 × 180) + ($12 × 275) = $5, 100 (Note that nominal GDP rises from Year 2 to Year 3, but real GDP falls. ) • • • GDP deflator for Year 1 = ($3, 600/$3, 600) × 100 = 100 GDP deflator for Year 2 = ($6, 900/$5, 600) × 100 = 1. 2321 × 100 = 123. 21 GDP deflator for Year 3 = ($7, 470/$5, 100) × 100 = 1. 4647 × 100 = 146. 47 • Calculate the inflation rate for years 1, 2, 3. Price of Footballs $10 12 14 Quantity of Footballs 120 200 180 Price of Basketballs $12 15 18 Quantity of Basketballs 200 300 275

Calculate Nominal GDP, Real GDP and Inflation Rate for all three years.

GDP and Economic Well-Being • • GDP is the best single measure of the economic well-being of a society. GDP person tells us the income and expenditure of the average person in the economy.

SHORTCOMINGS OF GDP Non-market Transactions don’t count Earthquakes, divorces, etc. increase GDP Leisure isn’t factored in Improved Product Quality The Underground Economy GDP’s impact on the Environment Per Capita Output Countries with low GDP per capita have more infants with low birth weight, higher rates of infant mortality, higher rates weight mortality of maternal mortality, higher rates of child malnutrition, and mortality malnutrition less common access to safe drinking water. Also, fewer go water to school and they have fewer teachers. They have fewer teachers TVs and telephones, fewer paved roads. They also win fewer telephones roads Olympic medals

NIA NS 1 -10 1. GDP is the monetary value of all final domestic goods/services produced (by/within) a nation in one year. 2. If N. F. F. I. is positive, which means U. S. profits are greater in the positive ROW than foreign profits in the U. S. , then (GDP/GNP) is larger. 3. Double or multiple counting can be avoided by counting only (intermediate/final) goods. 4. (Final/Intermediate) goods and services refer to products purchased by the ultimate users 5. Transfer payments [when you take tax money from those who are working & give it to those who are not working] (do/do not) count in GDP because they (do/do not) reflect current production. 6. (The purchase of 100 shares of DELL stock/ The purchase of a drill press) is not considered real investment 7. If depreciation exceeds gross private domestic investment, investment it can be concluded that In is (positive/negative) & we have declining productive capacity 8. Depreciation can be determined by (adding/subtracting) In from Ig. 9. The largest component of GDP (spending) is (C/Ig/G/Xn) and the smallest is (C/Ig/G/Xn). 10. NDP is (GDP-indirect business taxes/GDP-Depreciation).

If this is Pat then this is “The End”.