Fungi-What is that yellow blob
I. Introduction • A. Early biologists used to think Fungus related to plant kingdom – – 1. 2. 3. 4. relatively immobile cell walls eucaryotic multicellular
B. Others thought Fungi related to animals • 1. heterotrophic-although absorptive – a. Saprobes are decomposers that use dead matter – b. Parasites are absorptive on living matter (80% of plant diseases) • 2. cell walls made of chitin • 3. molecularly resemble animal kingdom more
• 4. some of the fungi are aseptate? ? • 5. they are known as the coenocytic fungicontinuous cytoplasmic mass with thousands of nuclei • 6. produced with karyokinesis with no cytokinesis • 7. haustoria-found in the parasitic fungi • a. specialized hyphal tips that invade the living tissues to absorb nutrients • b. http: //helios. bto. ed. ac. uk/bto/microbes/scurf 2. jpg
C. Fascinating and unusual creatures 1. Predators on round worms
I just can’t seem to get loose
2. Pilobolus • 1. decomposes in animal dung • 2. bends its sporangia bearing hyphae toward light • 3. where grass will likely be growing • 4. land stick to grass upwards of two meters away • 5. must be ejected long ways away as cows won’t graze in neighbor of own dung • 6. grass ingested by herbivores and spores are distributed in dung
Internet can be crazy • Found this dance troupe when looking for Pilobolus fungi
Other interesting fungi
Other interesting fungi
II. Terminology • A. Hyphae • 1. tubular walls surrounding plasma membranes • 2. most fungi are multicellular with the Hyphae being divided into separate cells by septa • 3. the septa have pores through their end walls through which cytoplasm can move from cell to cell • 4. most of the cell wall is composed of chitin similar to the material making up the exoskeletons of insects
A. Hyphae cont. • • • 5. some of the fungi are aseptate? ? 6. they are known as the coenocytic fungi-continuous cytoplasmic mass with thousands of nuclei 7. produced with karyokinesis with no cytokinesis 8. haustoria-found in the parasitic fungi specialized hyphal tips that invade the living tissues to absorb nutrients
B. Mycelium-an interwoven matt of hyphae • 1. very difficult to imagine the size of a fungal mycelium • 2. hyphal threads are spread throughout its food source and also subterranean • 3. can be huge-Billy Fucillo • 4. one giant individual in Oregon-you thought might be in Texas • a. 3. 4 miles in diameter • b. 2200 acres of forest • c. Super Bowl Time 1600 football fields • d. 2400 years old • e. can add a kilometer of Hyphae a day
C. Plasmogamy • 1. Two opposite mating types of hyphae fusing togeth • 2. produces a dikaryotic hyphae • 3. hyphae referred to as heterokaryon • 4. dikaryotic hyphae produces a fruiting body • 5. different fruiting bodies are used to separate fungi into their different groups
D. Fruiting bodies-site of karyogamy and meiosis • Basidiocarp of Basidiomycota
Ascomycota • Ascocarp
Zygomycota • Zygosporangium
III. Three divisions of fungi in lab • A. Zygomycota • B. Ascomycota • C. Basidiomycota
A. Zygomycota Life Cycle
Gametangia and zygosporangia
B. Ascomycota • 1. some are partners with algae forming the symbiotic lichen world • 2. macroscopic fruiting bodies called ascocarps-the ascocarps house the asci (pl)/ascus(sing) • 3. compared to the zygomycota, the ascomycota form a more developed heterokaryon stage • 4. the heterokaryon stage forms ascocarps
Ascomycota (cont) • • 5. the ascocarps house the asci in which meiosis takes place 6. the asci imposes an order to the meiotic division so that you can distinguish meiosis I from meiosis II
7. Ascomycota can also reproduce asexually in good weather to greatly increase their reproductive potential • asexual spores are produced at the external tips of conidiophores-the naked spores are called conidia
C. Basidiomycota Life Cycle-mushroom
Boletus
Gills with basidia
Microscopic view of gills with basidiospores • This is one small piece of a gill • Imagine the number of basidiospores that one mushroom produces in its lifetime
Basidiocycota
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