Fundamentals of Indoor Sports Floors: From Rubber to Polypropylene!
Rubber
Vinyl
Polyurethane
Polypropylene
Synthetics Do What Concrete Can’t MAXIMUM SHOCK ABSORPTION & ENERGY RETURN. Energy IN vs. Energy OUT
Synthetics Reduce Injury and Fatigue Surface Related Injuries: Abrasions Slip and Fall Muscle Pulls Torn Tendons Torn Ligaments Impact Injuries
Synthetics Are Multipurpose
Synthetics Save Money INSTALLATION Hardwood = $ Expensive Synthetic = VALUE MAINTENANCE NO Annual Recoats $$$ NO 7 to 10 yr Resands $$$$$
Synthetics are part of a Sustainable Design – Rapidly Renewable – Clean Production – Clean Installation – VOC Compliant – Long Life – Recyclable
Britney Spears- Princess of Pop
Tom Jones- King of Cool
Both Ride on Vulcanized Rubber
It All Started With Rubber • • • Locomotive springs Conveyor belts. Seals for sewers. Flooring Inflatable boats. Clothing.
Vulcanized Rubber = Rubber + Sulfur + Heat Natural Rubber from Hevea Tree
Christopher Columbus Discovery of Rubber- 1499 • Discovered rubber on his third voyage to the New World from 1498 -1500.
Charles Goodyear - 1839 • No formal education. • Hardware dealer and inventor. • Accidentally discovered Vulcanization. • Died of Lead Poisoning.
Thomas Hancock - 1843 • Stole idea from Goodyear. • Awarded patent rights. • Developed machinery. • Vulcan- Roman God of Fire. VULCANITE
Sir Henry Wickham -1876 Expedition to Amazon
Henry Ridley • Director of Singapore Botanic Gardens. • Encouraged rubber planting.
Waldo Semon – 1933 • Accidentally invented vinyl at BF Goodrich trying to bond rubber to steel. • Grandfather fought in the Civil War and fought the Sioux with Custer. • Great-grandfather crossed the country for the California gold rush. • First job was working in Bill Cody’s Wild West Show. • 116 Patents. • Invented SBR (Government Rubber. Styrene) Helped save the world. • Invented synthetic rubber bubblegum. • Died in 1999. SBR & POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
Characteristics of PVC Pliable and moldable. Inexpensive to make (sea water and petroleum). Chlorine makes it an inherent fire retardant. 60% of vinyl is used by the construction industry.
Walter Diemer - 1928 • Invented conventional bubblegum. • Accountant for Fleer. BUBBLE GUM
Otto Bayer - 1939 INVENTED POLYURETHANES Germany needed rubber substitutes during World War II. Invented high quality bristle brushes. POLYURETHANE
Giulio Natta - 1954 Awarded the Nobel Prize at Milan Polytechnic for the introduction of polypropylene resins through the polymerization of polypropylene to produce stereo regular polymers. POLYPROPYLENE
More Durable than Tom Jones circa 2002
Outperform Even Britney Spears!
F - Numbers FF FLATNESS FL LEVELNESS FF 25 / FL 20 Flatness always comes first. “F 25” means “FF 25”
F Numbers Are Linear The higher the number the better. FF 20 is twice as flat as FF 10
What Was Wrong With Straightedge? How to Interpret 1/8” in 10’? Unscientific and Non-repeatable. Almost Never Achieved.
Straightedge Doesn’t Control The Floor All These Floors Meet 1/8” in 10’
What F-Number = 1/8” in 10’ FF 25 ≈ ± 1/4” defect in 10’ FF 50 ≈ ± 1/8” defect in 10’ FF 100 ≈ ± 1/16” defect in 10’
How F-Numbers Are Measured Dipstick
ASTM E-1155 Not over expansion joints OK over saw cuts Minimum 30 readings Leave out 2’ border Exclude handwork areas
How Readings Are Taken “Q” readings for flatness “Z” readings for levelness
Problems For Us We go over expansion joints We include the 2’ border We include handwork areas Readings taken immediately after pour Saw cuts warp Our Spec is 1/8” in 10’
The End - Go Forth and Prosper!!
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