Скачать презентацию Functional Aspect of Speech Sounds PHONETICS vs Скачать презентацию Functional Aspect of Speech Sounds PHONETICS vs

allophones.ppt

  • Количество слайдов: 13

Functional Aspect of Speech Sounds Functional Aspect of Speech Sounds

PHONETICS vs PHONOLOGY phonetics phonology studies sounds as articulatory and acoustic units studies sounds PHONETICS vs PHONOLOGY phonetics phonology studies sounds as articulatory and acoustic units studies sounds as units, which serve communicative purposes

/t/ alveolar, forelingual, apical, occlusive, plosive, voiceless-fortis twice eighth try written little stay labialized /t/ alveolar, forelingual, apical, occlusive, plosive, voiceless-fortis twice eighth try written little stay labialized dental post-alveolar exploded nasally exploded laterally pronounced without aspiration

/i: / unrounded, fully front, high, narrow, tense, long, free key more back than /i: / unrounded, fully front, high, narrow, tense, long, free key more back than in eat under the influence of the backlingual /k/ seed – seat greed – greet longer before a voiced lenis, than before a voiceless fortis consonant

PHONEMES ENGLISH RUSSIAN 20 vowel phonemes 6 vowel phonemes 24 consonant phonemes 35 consonant PHONEMES ENGLISH RUSSIAN 20 vowel phonemes 6 vowel phonemes 24 consonant phonemes 35 consonant phonemes

METHOD OF MINIMAL PAIRS MINIMAL PAIR MINIMAL SET fan - ban fan – ban METHOD OF MINIMAL PAIRS MINIMAL PAIR MINIMAL SET fan - ban fan – ban – tan can, ran, man, fan, … bun, bone, Ben, burn, boon, born

PHONEME vs ALLOPHONEME smallest linguistically relevant unit of the sound structure of a given PHONEME vs ALLOPHONEME smallest linguistically relevant unit of the sound structure of a given language which serves to distinguish one word from another ALLOPHONE speech sound which is realization of one and the same phoneme and which cannot distinguish words

TYPES OF ALLOPHONES Typical (principal) allophone is the variant of the phoneme which is TYPES OF ALLOPHONES Typical (principal) allophone is the variant of the phoneme which is described as the most representative and free from the influence of the neighbouring phonemes Subsidiary allophones are the variants of the phonemes used in actual speech

SUBSIDIARY ALLOPHONES • Positional allophones are used in certain positions traditionally • Combinatory allophones SUBSIDIARY ALLOPHONES • Positional allophones are used in certain positions traditionally • Combinatory allophones appear in the process of speech and result from the influence of one phoneme upon another

PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION • Complementary distribution • Free variation • Parallel distribution PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION • Complementary distribution • Free variation • Parallel distribution

RELEVANT – IRRELEVANT FEATURES • SINGLE OPPOSITION try – dry • DOUBLE OPPOSITION park RELEVANT – IRRELEVANT FEATURES • SINGLE OPPOSITION try – dry • DOUBLE OPPOSITION park – dark • MULTIPLE OPPOSITION bow – how

FUNCTIONS OF PHONEMES • constitutive function • distinctive function • identificatory (or recognitive) function FUNCTIONS OF PHONEMES • constitutive function • distinctive function • identificatory (or recognitive) function

Methods of Phonological Analysis • distributional method • s e m a n t Methods of Phonological Analysis • distributional method • s e m a n t i c method