From Mozhart to Moe s Heart Computer Science is

From Mozhart to Moe’s Heart: Computer Science is Everywhere Danny Silver, Acadia University May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 1

Imagine a World without Computers … The family car n Microwave oven n Photocopier n Cellular phone n CD players n Digital TV n Gameboy, X-Box n Wrist watch n May 4, 2006 ? 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 2

Food for Thought … Bits and bytes that is … n How many of you have already written a computer program? n May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 3

Computer Science – What is it? The study of computation; what can be computed a to compute it … n n n Mathematical foundations Theory of computation Algorithms and data structures Programming languages and compilers Databases May 4, 2006 n Concurrent, parallel, and distributed systems Computer architecture Software engineering Artificial intelligence Computer graphics n Scientific computing n n 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 4

Computer Science – What is it? n Information Technology = IT: n n Informatics: n n Technology that collects, processes, stores and disseminates data Concerned with the process of using IT Computer Science is a youngster in the science family … May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 5

Computer Science has So many new problems to solve. . . n Biology n n Physics n n Statistical Mechanics, Discovering Astronomical Structure, Simulation Political Science and Sociology n n Understanding Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Computing, Computational Astronomy n n Genome Sequencing, Understanding Evolution, Understanding the DNA Programming Language, Understanding the Brain, Bioinformatics Deducing Social Influence Economics n Bounded Rationality, Computational Finance Source: http: //public. research. att. com/~dsj/nsflist. html May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 6

Computer Science has So many career paths that can be followed … Mark Dochtermann, 34, director of technology, Electronic Arts, NY [computer game firm] May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 7

Let’s begin … Communications Email / Text Messaging n Chat rooms n Web log => we blog => Blogging n Webpages n Text/Images/Videos n Voice … Let’s Skype someone … n May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 12

Communications … Music. Path IMAGINE. . . Pianos talking to one another from any place in the world. IMAGINE. . . Full acoustic piano performance in real time at home, in universities, in concert halls across town or across continents. Jim Diamond, Boutilier's Point, NS Sir John A. Mac. Donald Highschool in Five Island Lake Acadia University - Honours Computer Science (in spite of having met Dan Silver) University of Waterloo - MSc, Priviate pilots License University of Toronto - Ph. D, Varsity fencing team, Commercial pilot's license May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 13

Collaboration Over the Internet n Often people want to meet at a distance: Hear and see each other n View and modify documents as a group n Share applications – run them together n n Solution: Collaborative Virtual Workspace n Computer Supported Cooperative Work environment May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 16

May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 18

Work on CVW at Acadia Interface for mobile phones and Black. Berry. Chat with others in the room View objects in the room May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 19

Woof! Did you say Collaborate! Over the Internet! n ISee. Pet. com n CBS News Item on ISee. Pet. com May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 20

Bio. Informatics n n n Using computers in biological research to analyze or predict the composition of molecules (proteins) and model biologic systems. Prominent in the Human Genome Project, which has recorded the three billion chemical base pairs that make up the human DNA system Genomics - The field of science that studies the entire DNA sequence of an organism's genome May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 22

Simulating Plant Growth, Landscapes and Evolution n L-system – A way of generating a graphical representation of the growth of a plant through a set of rules. Change the rules, change the shape of the plant. n Fractal organic shapes n Fractal Landscapes n Evolution via cellular automata May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 23

Physics and Engineering Simulations: n Masses and springs n Wave tank n Bouncing beach ball Source: Dennis C. Rapaport, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Israel n Vector fields 2 -D n 3 -D n Source: Paul Falstad, http: //www. falstad. com/ May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 24

Enviromatics ? n Environmental Studies + Informatics n Let’s do a search on environmental informatics n GIS – Geographical Information Systems n It drives Google maps May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 25

GPS and Server Dust n How does GPS work? n Location tracking – amazing applications n GPS of Snowboarder, Park City Utah Server dust = GPS + wireless + server software n The Star Trek lapel pin. . . can it be far off? n May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 26

Wireless Sensor Networks 1. Determine cluster heads 2. Broadcast advertisement 3. Nodes transmit membership 4. Heads select associates 5. Heads broadcast schedule 6. Nodes transmit data 7. Heads transmit aggregated data 8. Next transmission 9. Heads transmit aggregated data 10. New round begins. May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 27

Ubiquitous &Wearable Computing n Ubiquitous computing is the method of enhancing computer use by making many computers available throughout the physical environment, but making them effectively invisible to the user. Source: http: //www. ubiq. com/hypertext/weiser/Ubi. CACM. html n Need a keyboard. . How about a virtual one. . . n Heads-up Wearable display: n My. Vu personal media viewer http: //www. myvu. com/ May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 28

Speech Synthesis and Recognition n Speech Synthesis: n n AT&T Natural Voices Speech Recognition: n May 4, 2006 Microsoft. . Let’s try it … 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 29

See is Believing n 3 D Tricks n n Just a little motion makes a big difference Virtual Reality Diving at the Maldives Islands n Patrouille des Glaciers 2006 - Alpine Race n n May 4, 2006 http: //www. panoramas. dk/ 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 30

New Art Forms: Computer Demo Programming Technique + Art = Demo n “An important distinction between demos and movies or videos is that the visual effects seen in demos are real-time calculated, instead of rendered in beforehand like conventional computer animations (where often hours of computer time are spent to calculate just one frame). ” Source: Petri Kuittinen n Mecca & Symposium 2000 "Heaven Seven" by Exceed May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 31

Data Mining and Machine Learning What is Learning? n n The process of acquiring knowledge or skill through study, experience or teaching Fundamental to success and survival … May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 33

What is Learning? Developing a general model from examples that can help us predict and understand things n Face Recognition … n n n Happy Face recognition, that is! It’s like … Fitting a curve to data n n Also considered modeling the data Statistical modeling May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 34

Machine Learning n n Problem: We wish to learn to classifying two people (A and B) based on their keyboard typing. Approach: n n n Acquire lots of typing examples from each person Extract relevant features ? ? - representation! Transform feature representation as needed Use an algorithm to fit a model to the data - search! Test the model on an independent set of examples of typing from each person May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 35

Y Classification Artificial Neural Network M B B B Mistakes B B A B B B B A A B B A A A A B B A B A A A Typing Speed May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 36

User Modeling and Adaptive Systems n Computer Science and Pyschology n Machine Learning used to develop models of users behaviour from examples User Explicit data – preferences, chosen options Implicit data - keystroke and mouse click traces May 4, 2006 User Interface Learning System Application Software User Model 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 38

User Modeling Intelligent Web Filters Smart Email Form Field Ordering and Completion Handheld Fashion Consultant May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 39

So Let’s Get a Machine to Learn? n Demo - Typist Identification n Application: user validation - Bio. Password May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 41

Engineering: Autonomous Robots n Queue the Lego Mindstorms Video … C: Program FilesLEGO MINDSTORMSRIS 2. 0dataRis. ModulesMovies Acadia’s Annual Robot Programming Competition n May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 42

DARPA Grand Challenge 2005 Stanford Racing Team's leader Sebastian Thrun holds a $2 -million dollar check as he catches a ride on top of Stanley No. 03, a tricked-out Volkswagen Touareg R 5, after his team was declared the official winner of the DARPA Grand Challenge 2005 in Primm, Nevada. Source: Associated. Annual Huggins High School Science Oct 8, 2005 Press – Saturday, Seminar 21 st 43 May 4, 2006

Computational Chemistry Infiltrated most every subdiscipline of chemistry n High performance computing clusters are essential n Utilize parallel programming methods n ACMMa. C – Acadia Center for Mathematical Modeling and Computation n May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 45

E-Business and E-Commerce The Driving Force The Internet Economy n To reach 50, 000 users n n n Radio took 38 years Computers took over 16 years TV took 13 years The Internet took 4 years! Over 75% of (12. 3 M)Canadian homes now have PCs Over 55% (6. 7 M) of those are Internet connected, up 51% over 2002 n n n Sources: http: //www. cbc. ca/stories/2004/07/08/canada/computer_use 040708 CBC, Forrester May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 46

Sales (billions) The Internet Economy Global Forecast $3, 000 1998 – 111 M users 2000 – 320 M users 2005 – 720 M users $3. 2 T $2, 000 $1, 000 Hyper-growth begins By 2004: Half of all Internet transactions were made by non-PC devices. $150 B 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 $80 $170 $390 $970 $2, 000 $3, 200 May 4, 2006 Source: Forrester 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 47

Computer Science and Law n Computer related crime: n n n Integrated high tech with traditional and new crimes Across provincial and national boundaries Evidence is neither physical nor human Little more than electronic impulses and program code Now a global multi-billion dollar problem New laws? n New method of law enforcement? n Privacy and Security of information n Source: Computer Crime: An Emerging Challenge for Law Enforcement David L. Carter, Ph. D. and Andra J. Katz, Ph. D. , Feb, 1997 http: //www. sgrm. com/Resources. htm May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 48

Medicine: Moe’s Heart n Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography n And Moe’s brain n Animation of muscle fibers of the heart wall, the mitral valve (purple) and the aortic valve (yellow). The animation shows the heart beating while the viewpoint rotates. Java applet 3 D dynamic model of the heart n May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 49

Morphme. com n Face Transformer n n Perception Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, Scotland Create a face - Morphases May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 50

The Power of the Pen: Tablet PCs May 4, 2006 21 st Annual Huggins High School Science Seminar 51