From Bullets to Blood: A Case Study Military Technology and its impact on Civilian Life
Pre World War I: What did women use for sanitary products? Sea Sponge newspaper knit pad Birdseye cloth rags wool
The Before • Prior to the First World War, there were few commercially made feminine hygiene products, certainly not disposable • Women made their own sanitary napkins out of materials available to them at home • Few domestic or medical manuals had information about the best materials or designs for sanitary napkins • Knowledge of materials and folding designs was an oral culture, passed from older females to younger females in the family
The Turning Point • World War I 1914 -1918 • Was supposed to “be over by Christmas” • Advances in military weapons, particularly the machine gun, caused casualties on a scale previously unknown • Bandages were made from 100% cotton— expensive to make and couldn’t keep up with demand
Kimberly-Clark • Paper mill company started in 1872 in Wisconsin • Developed a more absorbent substitute for cotton, called Cellucotton, from wood pulp • Made bandages cheap enough to throw away
Crafty Nurses ! • American nurses in France begin to use the cellucotton bandages as disposable sanitary napkins
The After: Cellucotton Products Company 1920 • Subsidiary set up by Kimberly-Clark for the manufacturing of Kotex (from [K]otten-like texture) because they didn’t want to “ruin (the company’s) good reputation” by bringing menstruation to a public forum
I don’t get it… • K-C had trouble selling product • Couldn’t get magazines to take their advertising • Women were reluctant to buy product because it meant asking a (most likely male) clerk for a box even though K-C invented the word Kotex so women would not have to say “sanitary napkin”
Your Assignment • Pick a partner you can work with • Come up with a print advertisement and marketing strategy for Kotex • Assignment is due: (insert date here) • Will be presented to class
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