FRENCH ART Brief survey Many thanks to Dr

FRENCH ART Brief survey Many thanks to Dr. P. Schrock for her input. Copyright, 2002 Dr. Th. Saint Paul Lay out: Elizabeth Logsdon Murray State University

Art and Society reflect each other • Classified by broad sweeping changes from era to era Detail from Bourges Cathedral: Battle of Roncevaux/ Song of Roland (800 -9 th c)

The Middle Ages Romanesque (9/10 thc-12 thc) Vezelay, Autun, Bourges, Conques…

Gothic Notre Dame (Paris) gargoyles http: //ndparis. free. fr/index. html Gothic, Chartres Cathedral, France, 12 th C

Notre Dame de Paris, Rosace

the Renaissance (16 th c) Baroque Madonna of the Meadow Raphael(Italian) 1505 The Holy Family on the Steps Poussin 1648 Meaning “rebirth” in French 1400 -1600 Italian in origin Stressed forms of classical antiquity/religious topics/space based on perspective and secular details

BRUEGEL, Pieter the Elder Flemish painter (b. ca. 1525, Breughel, d. 1569, Brussels The Fall of Icarus

BRUEGEL, Pieter the Elder Children's Games 1559 -60

LEONARDO da Vinci (b. 1452, Vinci, d. 1519, Cloux, near Amboise, France) Mona Lisa (La Gioconda) c. 1503 -5

Renaissance architecture : the Palace of Fontainebleau

It was evolved by Italian artists, who worked for Francois I from 1530 to 1560. • Diana Huntress 1550 -60 The first School of Fontainebleau introduced Mannerism to France. Gabrielle d'Estrées and one of her Sisters c. 1595

Jean Goujon the greatest 16 th-century French sculptor. • the Fontaine des Innocents, 1548 • Goujon rejected the Mannerism of the Fontainebleau school • revival of the classical purity of later 5 th century Greek art. Nymph 1548 -49 Marble Musée du Louvre, Paris

17 th century: Baroque (classicism) • Violent movement • Strong emotion and dramatic lighting and colors • Examples: N. Poussin, Georges Latour, Louis Le Nain, Hyacinthe Rigaud (Louis XIV)

http: //www. chateauversailles. fr/

Nicholas Poussin: Et in Arcadia Ego' 1637 -39 -Musée du Louvre, Paris

The Holy Family on the Steps - Poussin 1648 Inspiration from the Greeks and the Romans

Georges La Tour (1640’s) The New Born Influenced by Italian painter of light and darkness, Caravaggio

18 th century: Rococo • Originated in France • Highly decorated forms • In reaction to the massiveness of the Baroque • Examples: Jean – Antoine Watteau, Jean-Honoré FRAGONARD. Happy Accidents of the Swing Fragonard 1767

18 th century: Neoclassicism: The Oath of the Horatii J-L David 1784

Neoclassical painting • Late 18 th to early 19 th centuries • Revived order and harmony of ancient Roman and Greek art • Examples: Jacques Louis David

Romanticism • Late 18 th to mid 19 th centuries • Utilized drama and bright colors • Reaction to Neoclassicism • Examples: Eugene Delacroix and Theodore Gericault Delacroix: Liberty Leading the People , 1830

19 th Century Delacroix: The Death of Sardanapalus 1827

19 thc Realism: Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 1849

Impressionism • • Late 19 th century Focused on transitory, visual impressions Often painted directly from nature Emphasis on changing effects of light and color • Examples: Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, and Auguste Renoir

Edouard Manet • Dejeuner sur l’herbe & Olympia 1863

Monet Renoir Nympheas 1887 Le Moulin de la Galette 1876 Villa by the Seaside, 1874 -Berthe Morisot

Pointillism • 1880’s • Developed by Seurat and Signac • Dots that were to mix in the eyes of its viewers • Also called divisionism or neoimpressionism La Grande Jatte, Seurat, 1884 -86

Post Impressionism • 19 th century • Reaction against Impressionism • Examples: Paul Cezanne and Paul Gauguin The Basket of Apples , Cézanne 1895

Van Gogh

Art Nouveau: architecture Subway in Paris Victor Horta, architect Belgian, 1861 – 1947 Interior of the Tassel House, 1893

Art Nouveau • Late 19 th century • MODERN IMAGINATION AND ESTHETICS • Example: Henri de Toulouse – Lautrec • A Mucha (posters for Sarah Bernhardt )

Sculpture –Auguste Rodin The Thinker/Le Penseur [1881) Louvre Camille Claudel, L’Age mur (1899 -1913) Musée d'Orsay

• Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi • French Sculptor, 18341904 • The Statue of Liberty

20 th century The School of Paris, Modernism: abstraction and color Avant-Garde until World War II Fauvism Cubism Abstract ART Dada Surrealism Post-modernism (After WWII) Pop Art Op Art Performance Art Neo-Expressionism Environmental Art

Henri Rousseau – 1886

Henri MATISSE http: //www. matissepicasso. org/home. asp Fauvism: Liberation of Color, reinterpretation of “reality” Woman with the Hat (1905) Red Interior on Blue Table (1947)

Cubism (geometrical forms, interpretation of space) Houses at L’Estaque – Georges Braque (1908)

DADA Marcel Duchamp (1887 -1968) Ready-made, scandalous art

Surrealism • 1920’s and 1930’s • Tries to explore the subconcious pictorially • Example: René Magritte (Belgian) The Treachery of Images -Magritte 1928

Paul Delvaux (Belgian) 1897 -1994 The Village of the Mermaids, 1942 Pygmalion, 1939

Postmodernism (Post World War II) Jean Helion Nature morte aux pains et salueurs, 1946 Le second Royaume (1983)

Vasarely (1906 -1997)—Op Art

Contemporary art. Nikki de Saint Phalle and Jean Tinguely Homage to Stravinsky, Paris 1980

Niki de St Phalle • 1961, New Realists Nanas, 1974 Christo (wrappings) 1985

Modern Architecture— Pompidou Center (1971 -77) PEI (The Louvre)