Frankfurt Germany 6 -9 June 2011 Investigation of

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Investigation of Wireless Telecommunication for AMI Katsuyuki KARIYA†, Tatsuya NAKAMURA†, Shinji TAKEUCHI†, Atsushi OTOGAWA† Yukio IWASHIMA††, Yasuhisa MATSUSHITA†† Hitoshi KUBOTA†††, Toshihiro INOUE††† : Chubu Electric Power Co. , Inc. , †† : Chubu. Seiki Co. , Ltd. , ††† : Mitshubishi Electric Corporation † Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Outline Introduction p Measured wireless media p Conditions of measurements p Results of the Investigation p Summary p Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Introduction p Why Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)? ü Improves efficiency of meter reading Energy conservation ü ü Future; Efficient operation of power distribution under condition in which distributed power source are widely spread, etc Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Introduction p What’s Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)? ü Millions of smart meters (SMs) perform two-way communication with Server computer via smart meter networks(SMNs), Gateways (GWs), and Wide area network (WAN). Server Computers WAN GW SMN SM A Model of AMI System Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Introduction p ü ü Why wireless telecommunication? Number of meters per service transformer is small (About 10~20 meters) Meters are installed outside The installation cost of the PLC coupler is expensive in Japan. Therefore, the wireless is more cost effective. Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Introduction p ü ü What's suitable wireless media for AMI system? Easy to use Low cost License Free Wireless media in Japan • 2. 4 GHz wireless LAN • 950 MHz Low Power Radio • 429 MHz Low Power Radio ü Radio propagation characteristics of three kinds of license free wireless communication media were investigated. Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Measured wireless media 2. 4 GHz Wireless LAN 950 MHz 429 MHz Low Power Radio Output Power 10 m. W/MHz 10 m. W Channel Band Width 22 MHz 200 k. Hz 8. 5 k. Hz Modulation DSSS*1 GFSK*2 Data Transfer Rate 1 Mbps 100 kbps 4. 8 kbps IEEE 802. 11 b ARIB*3 STD-T 33 ARIB STD-T 96 ARIB STD T-67 Reference *1 : Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum *2 : Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying *3 : Association of Radio Industry Business Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Conditions of Measurements p A) B) C) Measurements excecuted under condition which simmulated communication Between a GW placed on a utility pole and SMs of detached houses. Between a GW placed on a utility pole and SMs in pipe shafts of an apartment building. Among SMs in pipe shafts of an apartment. Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Conditions of Measurements A) Communication between GW and SM of detached house ü ü A transmitter was placed on a handrail of outside stairs of an apartment building. Receivers were placed by utility poles around the apartment building. 6 m Transmitter 1. 8 m Receiver Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Conditions of Measurements B) Communication between GW and SM in Apartment Building ü ü A transmitter was placed in a pipe shaft of an apartment building. Receivers were placed by utility poles around the apartment building. 1. 8 m Pipe Shaft Transmitter Receiver Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Conditions of Measurements C) Communication among SMs in an Apartment Building ü Both transmitter and receivers were placed in pipe shafts of an apartment building. Transmitter & Receiver Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Results of measurements p Received Signal Power vs. Packet Error rate Fringe area Where packet error increases Serviceable area Where received signal power is strong enough and packet error hardly occurs. Unserviceable area Received signal power is so weak that packet error frequently occurs. 2. 4 GHz wireless LAN Received Signal Power vs. Packet Error Rate Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Results of measurements p Classification of measurements Results Serviceable Area Fringe Area Unserviceable Area Wireless LAN -85 d. Bm -98 d. Bm Received Power >= -85 d. Bm >= -98 d. Bm 950 MHz Low Power Radio Received Power >= -95 d. Bm > Received Power >= -100 d. Bm > Received Power >= -90 d. Bm > Received Power >= -110 d. Bm > Received Power 429 MHz Low Power Radio Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Results of measurements A) Communication between GW and SM of detached house(1) 0° 0° 0° 90° 270° 100 m 200 m 180° 270° 100 m 200 m 90° 100 m 270° 180° 200 m 180° (a)2. 4 GHz Wireless LAN (b)950 MHz Low Power Radio (c)429 MHz Low Power Radio Serviceable Area Fringe Area Unserviceable Area Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan Reinforced Concrete Building Clear Space – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Results of measurements A)Communication ü ü between GW and SM of detached house(2) 950 MHz low power radio had longest range in the three wireless media. All of the three wireless media had difficulty to establish communication across the apartment building nearby. Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Results of measurements B)Communication between GW and SM in Apartment Building(1) Serviceable Area Fringe Area Reinforced Concrete Building 270° 30 m 180° 90° 90° 270° Clear Space 0° 0° 0° Unserviceable Area 30 m 180° (a)2. 4 GHz Wireless LAN (b)950 MHz Low Power Radio (c)429 MHz Low Power Radio Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Results of measurements B)Communication ü ü between GW and SM in Apartment Building(2) 429 MHz low power radio could establish communication between inside of a pipe shaft and utility poles on both steel door’s side and its opposite side of the pipe shaft. 2. 4 GHz wireless LAN and 950 MHz low power radio had difficulty in communication between SM and GW on a steel door’s side of the pipe shaft. Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Results of measurements C) Communication among SMs in Apartment Building(1) Chose an apartment building which has long distance between each pipe shafts. Dimensions of the Apartment Building. (5 -storied building) Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Results of measurements C)Communication among SMs in Apartment Building(2) Poor communication with adjacent pipe shafts (a)2. 4 GHz Wireless LAN Good communication even with adjacent pipe shaft (b)950 MHz Low Power radio (c)429 MHz Low Power radio Serviceable Area Fringe Area Unserviceable Area Tx Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737 Transmitter

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Results of measurements C)Communication ü among SMs in Apartment Building(3) 429 MHz low power radio could establish communication not only between SMs in same pipe shaft or between SMs in adjacent pipe shafts on same floor but also between SMs in adjacent pipe shafts on different floors. Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Summary ü ü In view of serviceable area 950 MHz low power radio is the most suitable communication media for smart meter network. 429 MHz low power radio has advantages over two other wireless media for communication in apartment buildings. Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Summary ü ü The results of this investigation shows differences of radio propagation characteristics among wireless media. Steady SMN must be built with selecting suitable wireless media for conditions of meter installation. Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737

Frankfurt (Germany), 6 -9 June 2011 Thank you for your attention. We Japanese are grateful for the kindness of people of all over the world. Katsuyuki KARIYA – Japan – Distribution network business activities and impact of regulation – 0737