FORESTRY Leaves are used by trees

FORESTRY

Leaves are used by trees to absorb sunlight. They are the most recognizable feature of any tree. They are also used to distinguish different types of trees.

What do we get from Trees? Remove carbon dioxide & release oxygen Paper, wood & food (i. e. apples) Provide shade and prevent soil erosion Provide beauty to a particular area. Habitats for animals & insects

Most of the Earth’s trees are found in forests. The types of trees found in certain areas depends on climate, altitude, and soil composition.

Earth’s Forests: More than just trees In the last 8000 years the Earth has lost nearly 40% of its original forests (mostly since the 20 th century). We have been using forest resources for thousands of years. With the rise of industry and big businesses, we began abusing forest resources.

Forests provide jobs and sources of revenue (income) for people in surrounding towns and cities. Forests attract tourists and allow us to do recreational activities.

Human territories and Forests are an important source of revenue for governments, large companies, and local businesses.

When a logging company begins developing a new part of a forest, a town begins to form because workers need to live close by. Within this town services (i. e. schools, grocery store) and businesses are built

Roads and highways need to be built. Gas and electrical lines need to be passed. Ports are built if the town is close to a body of water. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=VZ 43 JK -g. Tkg

Recreational Tourism What is it? It is an area of the economy that provides a large source of revenue (income) forest areas. This is good for the economy in that area. It attracts tourists who enjoy participating in outdoor recreational activities (i. e. fishing, hunting, camping, hiking, etc. )

Recreational tourism film http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=LRf_Kr. TZZ 4 A http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=c. Vst. O 0 q. JWx. A

Many recreational tourist areas have gained international popularity. These same areas have now developed into multi-million dollar businesses (i. e. Mont. Tremblant, Quebec).

Types of Forests Today, more than 25% of the earth’s land mass are covered by forests. Every type of forest has a very different climate, soil type, species of trees and plants, and animals There are 3 types of forest.

1) Tropical Rainforests Are located in Central and South America, central Africa, and Southeast Asia. They are home to some of the most exotic species of plants, animals, and insects in world. Reach nearly 50°C Receive nearly 650 cm rain every year.

2) Temperate Deciduous Forest Found in Southern Canada and Northern USA, Europe, China and Japan. Mostly made up of deciduous trees (lose their leaves) and conifers (evergreens) Located near large cities. Companies used these forests to produce and sell goods.

Importance of T. D. Forests These forests are important to people as they provide enjoyment as well as many resources including food, timber, and oxygen.

Threats to T. D. Fs 1. a) b) c) 2. Acid rain caused by industrial and vehicle emissions: Damages the leaves of trees Trees produce smaller and fewer seeds. Trees' resistance to disease, pests, and frost is reduced. Clear cutting of forests. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=t. Kpft. Zha_XY

3) Boreal Forest Predominantly found in Canada, Northern Europe, China, and Japan. Primarily made up of conifers (evergreens). ¾ of Canada’s forests Boreal.

Importance of the B. Forests The boreal is highly valued for: a) Economic benefits (7000 forestry businesses and 400 000 jobs. ) b) Recreational opportunities (skiing, hiking etc. ) c) Breathtaking sceneries d) Natural resources (Ex: petroleum products, peat, hydro-electricity) e) Tourism

They represent nearly 25% of the earth’s forested land. They help filter millions of litres of drinking water every day. Over 14% of Canadians live in the B. forest. This includes nearly 600 aboriginal groups and communities that take active roles in managing forest resources.

Canada’s Boreal Forest

Important Terms : Forestry: All activities related to the forest and its development. Clear-cutting: Removing all of the trees from one area. Deforestation: permanent destruction of a forested area. Stand: A group of trees where there is only one or few species growing together

Commercial value of the Boreal Forest Trees are primarily used for manufacturing pulp, paper, and cardboard. Throughout Canada nearly 7000 logging companies provide jobs to nearly 400 000 people (ex: Kruger Inc. ). These industries inject billions of dollars into Canada’s economy each year. https: //www. youtube. com/w atch? v=607 l_w 804 x. Q https: //www. youtube. com/w atch? v=ank. Tfen. Obww

Newsprint, coated paper, directory paper, supercalendered paper, Montreal City Our Publication Papers business unit produces newsprint, coated, directory and supercalendered paper. Kruger Publication Papers comprises four paper mills, three of which are located in Québec and the other in Newfoundland Labrador. The four paper mills are certified under the ISO 9001: 2000 (Quality Management), Pw. C‑ICo. CTM (Chain of Custody) and PEFC (Chain of Custody) standards. Each mill has its own recycling facilities, secondary effluent treatment system and energy conservation programs.

Canada is the world leader in the production and export of newsprint. (1/3 is produced in Quebec) It is primarily exported to the U. S. A. & China.

Films: The Paper Making Process http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=E 4 C 3 X 26 dxb. M MANUFACTURE THIS: Toilet Paper http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=607 l_w 804 x. Q RMR: Rick Goes Heli-Logging http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Uhb 7 XHUyp. Jo Deforestation CNN REPORT https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=M 4 jhjt 1_ey. M

Forestry in Canada Today Is the forest industry in Canada & Quebec doing well? It is currently going through very difficult times. Many logging companies, sawmills, pulp and paper producers are struggling/shutting down their businesses. This creates unemployment!

Why is this happening to the forest industry? 1. 2. 3. Poor world economy (budget cuts means less paper) New laws which force companies to replant or use fewer trees (forced to spend $ replanting = takes away from profits). New technology that requires less paper and wood (Tablet computers such as i. Pads, bamboo products etc. ).

Why is the closing of a sawmill or logging company such a big deal? Shutting down a sawmill means regional unemployment. People in other industries are affected too (i. e. department stores, restaurants in that same region).

What are governments doing to help? 1. 2. 3. Investing millions of dollars into forestry-related companies Buying companies that have closed & offering its employees new job opportunities Providing jobs to replant or manage forests

…more definitions! Land clearing: Cutting down trees in an area for farming, construction (towns and roads), or logging. Degradation: T act or process of damaging or he ruining something. This occurs in a forest when land clearing is poorly managed. Deforestation: The cutting down and removal of all or most of the trees in a forested area. Ex: Forested area is cleared to make a road or highway, malls, or housing developments.

Region of Mauricie, Quebec

Case study: Mauricie, Quebec Mauricie is one of the largest producers of cardboard and newsprint (mostly exported to USA). Logging is a huge industry in this region and has been for over 150 years.

The forest industry in la Mauricie provides tens of thousands of jobs. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Idpk 9 HFWhs 8 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 ak-La. EKRHM La Mauricie developed around its logging industry. During the 1900’s, the demand for wood and paper grew in this region. Today, this region is struggling during the current recession (struggling economy, job losses).

La Mauricie Region, Shawinigan, Trois Rivieres https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Zf. NDa 4 d. Dr 54 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 ic. RX 4 B 7 Hps https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Esy 3 Jmt 2 JY 0 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=0 Zu. KA 7 VHo 2 w

Silviculture in Mauricie It refers to practice of conserving and maintaining a forest by replanting trees.

1. In Mauricie, the government and companies are studying areas for development, as to not disrupt local hunting and fishing. 2. Companies invite tourists to plant trees and visit harvesting operations. 3. Inclusion of First Nation communities in decision making. 4. Coulombe report: harvest trees in different places at different times; Produce more wood products; ship less timber. 5.