Скачать презентацию Forestry and the Kyoto Protocol Key Issues Joint Скачать презентацию Forestry and the Kyoto Protocol Key Issues Joint

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Forestry and the Kyoto Protocol Key Issues Joint ECE Timber Commmittee & FAO European Forestry and the Kyoto Protocol Key Issues Joint ECE Timber Commmittee & FAO European Forestry Commission 9. -13. 10. 2000

Contents • UNFCCC/GHG • Carbon storage • Kyoto Protocol & flexible mechanisms • Open Contents • UNFCCC/GHG • Carbon storage • Kyoto Protocol & flexible mechanisms • Open questions • Role of FAO

UNFCCC 1992 • Concern: Global warming • Cause: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions • Objective: UNFCCC 1992 • Concern: Global warming • Cause: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions • Objective: Stabilization of GHG concentration in atmosphere

What are GHG? Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide Hydrofluor carbons Perfluorcarbons Sulphur hexafluoride (CO What are GHG? Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide Hydrofluor carbons Perfluorcarbons Sulphur hexafluoride (CO 2 ) (CH 4 ) (N 2 O) (HFCs) (PFCs) (SF 6 )

C-Emission Sources USA 1990 Fuel Combustion 88 % Industry 21% Transport 31% 12% Small C-Emission Sources USA 1990 Fuel Combustion 88 % Industry 21% Transport 31% 12% Small combustion 35% Energy production

Forestry practices to slow down CO 2 accumulation in atmosphere Conservation Storage Substitution Forestry practices to slow down CO 2 accumulation in atmosphere Conservation Storage Substitution

Global carbon stocks Oceans Atmosphere Soils Vegetation 39 000 760 2 000 500 Gt Global carbon stocks Oceans Atmosphere Soils Vegetation 39 000 760 2 000 500 Gt Gt

Forests as carbon stocks Forests world-wide: 46% of terrestrial C Tropical forests: 37% Soils: Forests as carbon stocks Forests world-wide: 46% of terrestrial C Tropical forests: 37% Soils: 50%

Financial value of CDM sinks (billion US$/a) until 2020 until 2030 40– 100 (Trexler) Financial value of CDM sinks (billion US$/a) until 2020 until 2030 40– 100 (Trexler) up to 150 (World Bank)

Kyoto Protocol Co. P 3 Kyoto, 12/1997 Objective: Reduction of GHG by at least Kyoto Protocol Co. P 3 Kyoto, 12/1997 Objective: Reduction of GHG by at least 5 % (level 1990) in 2008 -2012

Flexible mechanisms Joint implementation Clean development mechanism Emission trading Flexible mechanisms Joint implementation Clean development mechanism Emission trading

CDM • Assist dev. countries (Non-Annex 1) • Annex I countries buy emission reductions CDM • Assist dev. countries (Non-Annex 1) • Annex I countries buy emission reductions achieved elsewhere meet ind. emission commitments

Conditions for flexible mechanisms Voluntary Additional Baseline No leakage Conditions for flexible mechanisms Voluntary Additional Baseline No leakage

Open questions Definitions Accounting/methods Activities to be included in CDM Administration of sinks Open questions Definitions Accounting/methods Activities to be included in CDM Administration of sinks

Definitions Forests & ARD Degradation Biological sources/sinks Additionality Leakage Definitions Forests & ARD Degradation Biological sources/sinks Additionality Leakage

Accounting and methods • Baselines • Standards • C-balances • Measuring and accounting • Accounting and methods • Baselines • Standards • C-balances • Measuring and accounting • Timeframe

Presently uncertain Forests as sinks Forest management Impact of fires Sinks in products (C-substitution) Presently uncertain Forests as sinks Forest management Impact of fires Sinks in products (C-substitution)

Administration of sinks Verification M&E Certification Sanctions Financing, responsibility Linkages to other conventions Administration of sinks Verification M&E Certification Sanctions Financing, responsibility Linkages to other conventions

Synergies of Conventions Biodiversity (CBD) Desertification (CCC) Wetlands (Ramsar) Synergies of Conventions Biodiversity (CBD) Desertification (CCC) Wetlands (Ramsar)

IPCC- Special Report on Land use Change and Forestry submitted at SBSTA 12 in IPCC- Special Report on Land use Change and Forestry submitted at SBSTA 12 in June 2000

Role of FAO • Repository of data • Information and advice • Custodian of Role of FAO • Repository of data • Information and advice • Custodian of methods, models • Neutral forum

KP – Train is moving · World Business Council · GEF · WB Prototype KP – Train is moving · World Business Council · GEF · WB Prototype Carbon Fund · Private initiatives