Foreign rule Two foreigns in Chinese history

Foreign rule • Two foreigns in Chinese history • Yuan Dynasty –Mongolians • Genghis Khan • Qing Dynasty – Manchurians • Nurhachi

Ruling time • • Rebellion (1898 -1903) Taiping rebellion Boxer (1850 -1864) • 1644 1911 • • • Kang xi Qianglong 1662 -1722 1736 -1795 opium wars Tongzhi (1839 -1860) restoration (1862 -1874) 100 day’s reform

Emperor Kang Xi • One of the most successful emperors in Chinese history (61 years of ruling) • Tours of inspections of the south • Compiled history books, encyclopedia, and Kangxi Dictionary

Balancing Manchurian culture and Han Chinese traditions • Politically Manchu conquered China • Culturally they were called “uncivilized northern tribe” • Culturally Manchu was greatly sinocized by Chinese culture • Early Qing emperors studied Chinese classics and Confucianism books systematically • Kangxi could recite the Four Books and Five Classics

Mutual influence • Qing rulers adopted various Chinese political institutions • Assimilated sophisticated Chinese beliefs and way of life • Chinese culture was also influenced by Manchurian culture, such as the language “Mandarin” • Qipao

Emperor Qianlong • During his reign, the territory expanded to its greatest size • Compiled the Complete Library of Four Treasuries • (3, 000 volumes of Chinese poetry and prose)