Florida Coastal Monitoring Program Hurricane Wind Data Collection

Florida Coastal Monitoring Program Hurricane Wind Data Collection Kurt Gurley – University of Florida Forrest Masters – Florida International University Tim Reinhold – Institute for Business and Home Safety David Prevatt – Clemson University

Florida Coastal Monitoring Program • Measure in-field hurricane ground level wind velocities and relay data in real-time to emergency managers, forecasters and researchers • Measure the hurricane wind pressures on residential structures • Test capacity of building components • Statistical Assessment of structural damage post-event • Model structural vulnerability, and investigate mitigation measures

Motivation for Research Knowledge of ground-level winds used by: – Atmospheric scientists • Boundary layer transition during hurricane landfall • Peak and mean speeds for model calibration • Validation of remote sensing technology – Emergency managers • Estimate – Physical damage (buildings and lifelines) – social and economic impacts • Assignment of limited resources

Motivation for Research Knowledge of ground-level winds used by: – Wind and civil engineers • Modeling the Damage Chain – – Wind speeds at higher elevations Wind speeds near ground level Wind pressure on structures Wind damage prevention measures • Outcomes: – Wind tunnel modeling – Building codes and standards with accurate load information

Portable Weather Stations • Stiff 10 -m Steel Lattice Tower • Remain stable in 200 mph winds • Self-powered • Instruments collect wind speed and environmental data • Quick setup to hasten retreat from approaching storm

Tower in Atlantic Beach, NC Isabel, 2003

Navarre Causeway Dennis 2005 Peak 3 -sec gust of 120 mph at 5 meters

Tower Data Time histories of wind speed over the duration of the hurricane § Statistical analysis reveals information needed for engineering design to resist the wind §

Real-time Data Transmission GOES SATELLITE MIRROR WEB SERVERS NOAA DCS FIELD NOAA

NOAA Hurricane Research Division Maximum Sustained Wind Swath Tower data is one of the sources of ground data input to H*WIND contour model of wind speeds Hurricane Jeanne (2004)

Fleet of 5 towers (6 for 2006 season)

Program Website www. ce. ufl. edu/~fcmp

FCMP Instrumented Homes Measure Hurricane Wind Pressure • 32 homes along Florida coast • Owners receive free retrofits – storm shutters, new roof, gable bracing, braced garage door, etc. • Sensors record uplift roof pressure

Hurricane Frances Winds on House – Jensen Beach Study to Compare full-scale to Wind tunnel model to ASCE 7 loads

Hurricane Frances Winds on House – Jensen Beach

Frances Peak 3 -sec Gusts

Hurricane Frances Eye Wall Eyewall Peak 3 -second gust 82 m. p. h.

Ivan: Category 3 ? Not Based on Measurements 75 mph 106 mph 89 mph 81 mph 107 mph 89 mph 86 mph 107 -119 mph 71 mph 102 mph 124 mph 109 mph 75 -85 mph 96 -107 mph

Jeanne Peak 3 -sec Gusts

Wilma Measured Peak Winds

Structural Resistance Using real houses being demolished – In-field testing to quantify actual loads to failure – Relate back to wind speed – Test as-built and retrofitted

Failure Capacity Testing • DCA project to determine ultimate loads to failure for as-built and retrofitted structures • As-built roof to wall toe-nail connections

Failure Capacity Testing • Retrofit with modern roof to wall connections • Uplift capacity increased by factor of 5 with simple retrofit • Loads to be converted to wind speed

Post Event Damage Documentation Jeanne, 2004

Post Event Damage Documentation

Window Performance Charley 2004 -Charlotte County

Computational Modeling of Structural Vulnerability – Model the capacity of building components – Apply wind loads – Calculate probability of damage to building

Mitigation Studies How would these curves (risks) change if we added strength? – – Hurricane shutters More nails Easily incorporated into the structural model Leads to comparative cost effectiveness ($$) May be applied to other types of structures

Thank you. Any questions? Project website www. ce. ufl. edu/~fcmp