FIRE SAFETY IN INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS A. K. Sharma Director Delhi Fire Service
Industrial Core Sector • Energy & Power • Petroleum, Gas and Chemical • Metals, Minerals and Steel • Cement • Coal
• Defence Production • Telecom & IT • Automobiles • Textile • And many more
• India is the second fastest growing economy in the world. India’s GDP has touched US$1. 25 trillion. • India is fourteenth in the world in factory output. • Manufacturing sector together account for 29% of the GDP • 56 Indian companies were listed in the Forbes Global 2000 ranking for 2010. The 10 leading companies are:
LEADING TEN COMPANIES WORLD RANKING COMPANY SECTOR 121 Reliance industries Oil and gas operations 329 ICICI Banking 150 State bank of Banking India 463 Tata Steel Materials 152 ONGC Oil and gas operations 508 Bharti Airtel Telecom services 207 IOCL Oil and gas operations 582 SAIL Materials 317 NTPC Utilities 689 Reliance communicati on Telecom services
Industrial Domain • Storage (Raw Material - Solid, Liquid, Gases) • Process Plant & Machinery • Utilities ( Power, Steam, Nitrogen etc. ) • Finished Product • People (Operation, Maintenance and Supporting Staff)
Industrial Accidents “Industrial Accidents are caused by chemical, mechanical, civil, electrical, or other process failures due to accident, negligence or incompetence, in an industrial plant which may spill over to the areas outside the plant causing damage to life and property. ”
Industrial Accidents These may originate in: • Manufacturing and formulation installations including during commissioning and process operations; maintenance and disposal. • Material handling and storage in manufacturing facilities, and isolated storages; warehouses and godowns including tank farms in ports and docks and fuel depots. • Transportation (road, rail, air, water, and pipelines).
Major Threats • Fire • Explosion • Toxic release • Poisoning • Combinations of the above
PROBABLE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS • Process deviations i. e pressure, temperature & flow. • Parameters with regard to the state of the substance i. e. , solid, liquid or gas, proximity to other toxic substances. • Runaway reaction. • Hardware failure, resulting in largescale spills of toxic substances. • Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) on the chemicals during transportation.
• • Electrical failure Cutting and welding Open flame Carelessness Poor housekeeping Smoking Sabotage
COMPOUNDING OF EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS • Meteorology of the area, wind speed and direction, rate of precipitation, toxicity/quantity of chemical released, population in the reach of release, probability of formation of lethal mixtures and other industrial activities in vicinity.
Impact of Industrial Accidents
Industrial Accidents Living Organisms Environment Property Immediate, Short-term and Long-term Effects Humans Livestock Plants Death, Injury, Disease and Disability Soil and Water Bodies Atmosphere Pollution
Major Consequences § Loss of life / injuries § Impact on livestock § Damage to Flora/fauna § Environmental Impact (air, soil, water) § Financial losses to industry.
FILXBOROUGH, 01. 06. 1974, UK
MEXICO CITY, 19. 11. 1984,
GASOLENE TANK FIRE- South East Asia 2000
Bhopal Gas Tragedy • Worst industrial disaster in history • 2, 000 people died on immediate aftermath • Another 13, 000 died in next fifteen years • 10 -15 persons dying every month • 520, 000 diagnosed chemicals in blood causing different health complications • 120, 000 people still suffering from – – – Cancer Tuberculosis Partial or complete blindness, Post traumatic stress disorders, Menstrual irregularities • Rise in spontaneous abortion and stillbirth
IOC JAIPUR - 2009 slide 20 Uran Plant
IOC JAIPUR - 2009 slide 21 Uran Plant
IOC JAIPUR - 2009 ENVIRONMENT !!!
Oil Rig Explosion
What could have prevented these losses?
RISK CONTROL MEASURES • Physical Protection • Procedural Protection • Educational Protection
Physical Protection • Strict & Rigorous approach in following the Relevant Standards , Codes & Practices • Built in Safety Devices and Safety System • Venting through Tall stacks • Field Monitors for Different Toxic Gases • Burning Waste gases in a Flare System
• Provision of Wind Cones • Fire Proofing of Steel Structures • PPE • Passive Protection System • Active Protection system • Automatic Protection system
PROCEDURAL PROTECTION • Fire Emergency Procedure • Disaster Preparedness Plan • Mutual Aid Scheme • No Smoking Policy • Investigation of All Accidents • Hazard Identification through Safety Committee, House Keeping Committee, Safety audit Committee • Conducting Plant Survey, safety survey • Work Permit System
Contd. • Safety promotional activities • Information notes on unsafe conditions • MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet • Annual Medical Check up of Employees • Safe Start up & Shut Down Procedure • Regular and Preventive Maintenance • Periodic testing of Fire Fighting Appliances
EDUCATIONAL PROTECTION • Periodic Training Program on Safety, Fire Safety and Hazardous properties of materials • Mock Fire Drill • Safety Manuals • Health & Safety News Bulletins, leaflets • Safety Motivation schemes • Plant Operating Manual • Educating the Public Living nearby about the activities in the industry
Thank you
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