189943caf97cf51c2cb794c5ab67d1e6.ppt
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Finish reading “Sir Gawain” and answer the following: Gawain, through facing his weaknesses and finally admitting that he has succumbed to temptation, realizes that he has broken his oath of chivalry. n In your opinion, is Gawain justified in his reaction, or is he too hard on himself? n Finally, is chivalry an outmoded virtue in the 21 st century? Why or why not? n Peters 1
fable goes beyond a personification of animals; in fact, it is a story where animals are used as embodiments or caricatures of human virtues, vices, and follies. Explain how Madame Eglantyne’s priest, Father John, exposes her flaws through his narration of the characters, themes and conflicts of his cautionary tale. n A beast Peters 2
On your completed rough draft n n Due for ten homework points today. Highlight your thesis. Write a concern or question that you have with your essay. (You may write more than one). Our revision activity today will garner you ten classwork points. Peters 3
In Your Group Rotations: n n n BLESS: Positively comment on ideas/phrases/word choices/detailed content and imagery/figurative language/advanced syntax/sentence variety PRESS: Encourage your writer to include precise verbs/detailed content and imagery/active voice/figurative language/advanced syntax/sentence variety ADDRESS: Assist your fellow writer with his/her concern Peters 4
Changes to calendar: Finish The Pardoner’s Tale for tomorrow. n The Pardoner’s Tale quiz and Characterization Words quiz have been combined for you to take this Thursday. n The Wife of Bath’s Tale (pp. 281 -292) due for Monday. n Peters 5
Weekend homework n n n Type your revised Chaucerian stanza. Be sure to double space and include a proper MLA heading. Use may use any font you wish. Begin The Pardoner’s Tale on pp. 240 – 250. (Text is also on my website. ) Define Characterization Words for Tuesday; quiz on words and usage next Thursday. Peters 6
Composing/presenting pilgrim dialogues How might the other pilgrims have reacted to The Wife of Bath’s Tale? Write a dialogue in which at least two pilgrims, as well as the Wife herself, comment on the story and its messages about men and women’s roles. 1. Use language in keeping with the personalities of the pilgrims as portrayed in the “General Prologue. ” 2. Present clear opinions about The Wife of Bath’s Tale and its messages. 3. Include stage directions to describe a pilgrim’s tone of voice or body movements. 4. Dialogue should be at least sixteen lines in length. Maintain rhymed couplets and attempt iambic pentameter. 5. Present your dialogue. 10 points. 7
Wife of Bath Writing Prompts 1. Select a writing prompt and discuss all aspects with your partner. 2. Get a laptop and compose at a least a onepage response to your prompt. 3. Your response must include at least three examples of cited textual support, either borrowed from the General Prologue and/or The Wife of Bath’s tale. 4. Include a proper MLA heading with both students’ names. Peters 8
Socratic seminar today! Arrange desks in a circle. n Take out your questions and notebooks. (Please away put other coursework ). n Submit your questions (for five points) at the end of class. You also get five points for actively participating in the seminar. n Peters 9
The Nun’s Priest Tale n n Chaucer presents the tale as a beast fable: a genre in which a moral is communicated through the personification of animals. What is the basic plot of this tale? Who are the major characters? What is the moral of this tale? Why might Chaucer have the nun’s priest tell this tale? Peters 10
The Wife of Bath’s Tale 1. How does the old hag/wife defend herself to 1. her knight/husband regarding her lack of nobility, her old age, poverty and ugliness? After she reveals this wisdom, how do you feel about her reincarnation into a beautiful young woman? 2. How is the Wife of Bath’s Tale similar to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight? Peters 11
3. How are women in general represented in the 3. Wife of Bath’s Tale? What does this text tell us about the dominant cultural expectations about women during the medieval period? 4. Examine the marriage in the Wife of Bath’s Tale. Is it a marriage you would want to be in, and why or why not? Would you rather be in a modern marriage? Look at the end of the tale. Is “to be in power over men” what women really want today? Peters 12
5. What does Chaucer seem to think of the Wife of Bath, as depicted by her description in the General Prologue and in the telling of her tale? Is she admirable? Ridiculous? Attractive? Repulsive? What traits are emphasized the most? 6. How would the Wife of Bath fit into 6. contemporary society? What social trends would she support or reject? Peters 13
n 6. Sexism was not a new idea in Chaucer’s 6. time. Was Chaucer a sexist or a feminist? Is the Wife of Bath a realistic example of a woman from the Middle Ages? Why or why not? Peters 14
n n n The Pardoner’s Tale is basically a story of the consequences of greed. His story conveys how our essential morality leads to our decisionmaking practices and ultimately to our actions. How moral are we? Read the following moral dilemmas and (based upon your own moral judgment) respond accordingly. Peters 15
n n Patrick has a dog, but he works a job with long hours so he has to leave it alone at home for 10 -12 hours during the day. The dog was making a mess of the house, so Patrick bought a crate to keep the dog in during the day. The dog seems very unhappy in the cramped crate. Patrick does not see a good alternative, though, so he keeps using the crate. Agree/disagree: What Patrick did is clearly morally wrong. Peters 16
n n Welton will live in a foreign country for several months on a work assignment. He is fluent in the local language and enjoys listening to talk radio. One of the programs frequently insults Welton’s home country, and Welton often finds himself agreeing. Finally, a few days before returning home, Welton works up the courage to call in to the radio show and denounce his own home country very strongly, insulting its citizens and heroes, to the delighted cheers of the radio announcer. Agree/disagree: What Welton did is clearly Peters 17 morally wrong.
n n Beth is a freelance photographer who gets a contract from a fitness club to take pictures of overweight and skinny people for their summer brochure. Working with the club’s general manager, she goes to the park during the day and begins snapping shots. She needs a better angle on one of the people in a park, so she calls out, “Hey, ugly!” to make a woman turn around. The woman ends up feeling terrible about herself. Agree/disagree: What Beth did is clearly morally wrong. Peters 18
n n Tom’s whole family is taking a ski vacation and staying together in a big lodge. The lodge has each family organize a comedic skit and perform it for the other families at night. Tom looks over some scripts for different skits. The funniest skit has a scene in which Tom has to spit in face of a character played by his father. Tom’s father says he doesn’t mind. Tom feels a little weird spitting in his own father’s face, but he figures “why not? ” and chooses that script over the others. Agree/disagree: What Tom did is clearly Peters 19 morally wrong.
The Pardoner’s Tale n n n n How would the pardoner fill out this personality profile? Name: Profession: Last book I read: Latest accomplishement: Why I do what I do: Quotation I like best: Peters 20
Middle Ages Unit Test Format Thursday: 70 points Involves matching/multiple choice questions which cover medieval history and terminology, unit-based vocabulary (characterization words and Gawain vocab) medieval romance (including Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) and the General Prologue. n Friday: 50 points Short answer/passage explication and one essay response that cover the four tales (Pardoner/Wife/Miller/Nun’s Priest). n
Middle Ages Test Review n n n Compare and contrast the elements of a feudalistic society with the aspects of a democratic society. Why is “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” a medieval romance? Delineate how the structure and roles of feudalism were dismantled due to the onset of the Bubonic Plague.
Pilgrim identification n _______1. A lover and cadet, a lad of fire/With locks as curly as if they had been pressed. / He was some twenty years of age, I guessed. _______2. He’d sewed a holy relic on his cap; / His wallet lay before him on his lap, / Brimful of pardons come from Rome, all hot. / He had the same small voice a goar has got. _______3. Broad, knotty and short-shouldered, he would boast/ He could heave any door off hinge and post. / His beard, like any sow or fox, was red/ And broad as well, as though it were a spade.
Chaucer’s ultimate goal… n n Chaucer envisioned telling many tales in a connected and unified sequence. He wanted to offer a panoramic view of various economic and social classes and ranks. His tone is one of non-involvement, reporting much like a journalist would present his story. Look for ironies in many of the characters--particularly the clergy class. Peters 24
Pilgrim identification n _______4. He watched his patients closely for the hours/ When, by his horoscope, he knew the powers/ Of favorable planets, then ascendant. / Worked on the images for his dependent. _______5. Truth, honor, generousness, and courtesy, / He had done nobly in his sovereign’s war/ Just home from service, he had joined our ranks/ To do his pilgrimage and to render thanks. _______6. The Rule of good St. Benet or St. Maur/ As old and strict he tended to ignore; / He let go by the things of yesterday/ And took the modern world’s more spacious way.
Pilgrim identification n _______7. by his bed/ He preferred having twenty books in red/ And black, or Aristotle’s philosophy, / Than costly clothes, fiddle, or psaltery. _______8. Many a load of dung one time or other/ He must have carted through the morning dew. / He was an honest worker, good and true. _______9. This _______ wore a coat and hood of green/ and peacock-feathered arrows bright and keen/ and neatly sheathed, hung at his belt the while/ For he could dress his gear in _________ style.
The Miller’s Tale Fabliau: comic verse; “low-brow” comedy a comic and often bawdy story in verse, especially of a kind popular in 12 th- and 13 th-century France Explain (using plot/character details from the story) how the tale serves this definition.
n n A double entendre is a figure of speech in which a spoken phrase is devised to be understood in either of two ways. Often the first (more obvious) meaning is straightforward, while the second meaning is less so: often risqué or ironic. The Oxford English Dictionary defines a double entendre as especially being used to "convey an indelicate meaning. " It may be used to express potentially offensive opinions without the risks of explicitly doing so. Peters 28
The Miller’s Tale is presented right after the Knight presents his tale---a story that extols the virtues of chivalry and especially of courtly love. n How does the Miller---in his admittedly drunken and agitated state---share a tale that serves as a SATIRE of these virtues of courtly love? n Peters 29
Pilgrim Meet and Greet n n As your pilgrim, “meet” your partner’s pilgrim and discuss how the two of you would interact at The Tabard and on the pilgrimage. Would you get along? Quarrel and even despise each other? Plot against or try to save other members of the pilgrimage? Then, discuss who in contemporary society would serve as your pilgrim’s modern counterpart. Peters 30
Of the three tales you have read, Which is the best tale. . . According to Chaucer’s purpose? n According to the host’s purpose? n According to a contemporary reader’s purpose? n According to you? n
Wife of Bath’s Tale Discussion Prompt What can the reader infer about Chaucer’s view of the Wife of Bath from the tale he has given her?
Calendar Adjustments: Thursday: n Friday: n Monday: n Tuesday: n Wednesday: n Memorizations due The Wife of Bath’s Prologue/Tale quiz The Miller’s Tale quiz Unit test review The Nun’s Priest’s Tale due
The Canterbury Tales Small Group Discussion n Discuss the assigned topic within your group. Include several textual examples that are covered throughout the General Prologue. Take detailed notes, as these will serve you well in preparation for next Wednesday’s timed essay on the General Prologue. Share your findings with Mrs. Peters.
For Thursday: Read The Wife of Bath’s Tale, pages 281 – 292. Peters 35
The Pardoner’s Tale quiz/10 points An exemplum is a brief moral story. In one paragraph, explain how the plot, characters and conflict of The Pardoner’s Tale combine to provide an exemplum. n In a second paragraph, discuss how the Pardoner’s prologue is a fittingly ironic opening to his tale. n Keep both paragraphs to a total of one page. n
Who has the power to corrupt? In his prologue, the Pardoner states: “Radix malorum est cupiditas. ” n Today, as in Chaucer’s time, the greed and the other elements of human weakness often trigger grave acts of corruption. n List two examples of corruption, and discuss the factors you think prompted individuals to commit such wrongdoings. n Peters 37
The Pardoner’s Tale quiz/10 points What moral does the Pardoner want us to draw from his tale (not his prologue)? How does the tale convey this moral? n What moral does Chaucer want us to draw from The Pardoner’s Tale? How does the tale convey Chaucer’s purpose? n Peters 38
Iambic pentameter: five beats/stresses per line (unstressed, stressed) ka. BOOM I worship God and men---my life’s so simple! Peters 39
Sample Chaucerian Stanza in IAMBIC PENTAMETER: unstressed/stressed---5 stresses per line n n n n n To the beautiful city of Jerusalem I hath been thrice, And all the men’s attention I will entice. Blood red, you see, is the color of my fine hose; To match my face is as crimson as a rose. A gap as wide as a valley between my teeth, With a kerchief upon my head that’s like a wreath. If you have trouble with love, then come to me; I’ll try to provide a cure or helpful remedy. You’ll see me in church, well-dressed in my big wimple; I worship God and men---my life’s so simple!
Making inferences about the _______: “Supple his boots, his horse in fine condition. He was a prelate fit for exhibition. He was not pale like a tormented soul. He like a swan best, roasted and whole. ” n Monk
Making inferences about the _______: “In company she liked to laugh and chat And knew the remedies for love’s mischances, An art in which she knew the oldest dances. ” n Wife of Bath City
Making inferences about the _________: “If, when he fought, the enemy vessel sank, He sent his prisoners home; they walked the plank. ” n Skipper
Making inferences about the _______: “Wide was his parish, with houses far sunder, Yet he neglected not in rain or thunder, In sickness nor in grief, to pay a call On the remotest, whether great or small. ” n Parson
Memorization Assignment Options: n n 20 points: Write (from memory) the first 18 lines from Chaucer’s General Prologue. 20 points + 3 bonus points: In class, orally present (from memory) the first 18 lines from Chaucer’s General Prologue. 20 points + 7 bonus points: In class, orally present (from memory) the first 18 lines from Chaucer’s General Prologue in the Middle English pronunciation. All presentations due Tuesday, October 2.
It all began when… Edward the Confessor n No children n Who would become King when he died? n Three men claim the throne after his death
First claim to the throne Harold Godwin n His sister was married to King Edward n Edward was reported to have uttered, “I commend my wife and all my kingdom to your care” on his deathbed to Harold.
Second Claim to the Throne William, Duke of Normandy Claimed King Edward promised him the throne
Third Claim to the Throne Harald Hardrada n n n Viking of Denmark Related to a Viking that had ruled England from 1016 until 1032 Believed he should have the crown as a result
What happened? Harold Godwin became King of England Invasions began n September 1066, Harald Hardrada invaded at Stamford Bridge
The Battle William defeated King Harold’s forces at Hastings on October 14, 1066 n Harold was killed and William claimed the throne (thus is he known as “William the Conqueror”) n What famous monarch is named after William I? n
Heir to the British throne, Prince William, to one day be King William ? of England
William’s England He did not eliminate the Anglo-Saxons n He combined Norman and Anglo-Saxon elements n A blending of Norman French and English began to evolve, known as Middle English. n n Normans brought administrative ability, increased emphasis on law and order and cultural unity
Domesday Book 1086 – all property in England inventoried in this book n For the first time, the English could be taxed for what they owned n
What else did the Normans bring? n French: Language switched from Old English to Middle English n. French became the language of the upper classes and government n. Middle English was the spoken language of the peasant class n. The Canterbury Tales: first work to be composed in Middle English
Words that come from Norman Britain n n n n Rendezvous Cliché Fiancée Miss/Ms. /Mrs. or Mr. Provenance Dilettante Melange Façade
They also brought Feudalism, an economic ideology in which peasants and vassals serve a powerful lord who protects them and takes care of their economic needs King Nobles or barons/vassals/lords Knights Landless knights and peasants
Castles served as “houses” for the functions of the feudal classes
Knighthood Sons of lords n Age 7: Page n Age 13: Squire (knight in training) n Ages 18 -21: Knight n Dubbing ceremony/title of “sir” n n Knights were “married” to their lords; they could not marry until they retired.
Medieval Weaponry
Medieval Battle Weapons Catapult Trebuchet
Heraldry Colors and symbols assigned to a family for identification purposes Helped knights identify their comrades while in battle
Knightly Code of Chivalry System of ideals and social codes governing the behavior of knights and gentlewomen A major aspect of chivalry was fealty, or loyalty to one’s lord (similar to Anglo-Saxon comitatus) Other aspects: bravery, courage, honor of women (known as courtly love)
Courtly Love Aspect of chivalry Dealt with the relationship between knights and ladies n Lady was always out of the knight’s reach Provided for great literature Led to the creation of the Medieval Romance
Role of Women n n Inferior to men A woman’s rank depended on the rank of her father or husband Housework and childbearing Merchants, blacksmiths, midwives Chivalry brought idealized attitude towards women, but not better treatment
A change in the feudal system n n More people = movement to cities and towns The new merchant class worked outside of the feudal system n Result: feudal system began to disappear n Jobs: baker, smith, cooper, cobbler, haberdasher, cook, fishmonger
Important events of the Middle Ages The Crusades Murder of Thomas Becket Magna Carta The Black Death
The Crusades 1095 -1270 n European Christians vs. Muslims n Capture Jerusalem and the Holy Land n Benefit = exposure to Middle East’s civilization n
The Murder of Thomas Becket Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Henry II n Becket sided with the pope n “Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest? ” n 1170: murdered while praying in the cathedral n http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=j. Fie 07 BQ-n. Q
Canterbury Cathedral: Steeple signified “visual presence” with God
Saint Thomas Becket the Martyr The Martyrdom located in Canterbury Cathedral
Aftermath of the murder Public made Becket a martyr n Backlash against Henry II, making the Church more powerful than the monarchy n Negative effect: Corruption in the Church n Positive effect: No boundaries between Church and people n
Magna Carta Signed in 1215 n Became the basis for English constitutional law n King John and the barons
The Bubonic Plague 1348 -1349 God’s revenge “Fleas on rats” Reduced population n Labor shortage n Serfs gain freedom n Feudalism becomes obsolete n Merchant/city/trade class grows as a major financial boost to the English economy Millions Years
The “Black” Death What word from childhood is derived from the times of outbreaks of the Bubonic Plague?
Elements of a Medieval Romance The medieval romance has a simple, inevitable plot: a near-perfect hero battles an evil enemy and ultimately wins. As part of the story, the hero inevitably undertakes a quest. The quest usually has three stages: a dangerous journey, a moral test or ordeal to determine if the hero truly has the qualities of a hero, and a return to the point of origin from which the journey began. Female characters are also significant.
Sir gawain and the green Knight In Sir Gawain we have the model of the chivalric hero whose honor is being tested. This is a serious romance whose purpose is clearly to teach a moral lesson. Yet the hero does not have unlimited powers; Gawain is a human being, who, like all of us, is limited in his moral and physical strength.
Sir gawain and the green Knight Discuss examples of behavior which reflect the chivalric code that suggest more than just courtly love (gallantry toward women)---consider loyalty, modesty, faith, honor, valor and courtesy.
Sir Gawain class assignment Compare and contrast Sir Gawain and Beowulf. You should provide at least three points of comparison/contrast. Finally, answer this question: Who is the more honorable character? (10 points) Peters
Sir Gawain class assignment How does the following statement apply to Sir Gawain in his quest: “In serving another we become free. ”? (Hint: Think not only of his physical quest, but his moral dilemma, as well). (10 points) Peters 83
Sir Gawain class assignment How does the following statement apply to Sir Gawain in his quest “A man who’s true to his word, / there’s nothing he needs to fear. ”? (Hint: Think not only of his physical quest, but his moral dilemma, as well). (10 points) Peters 84
Chivalry: Dead or Alive? Consider the question above and find three examples from today’s society to prove that chivalry is alive and well or has withered and died in the face of our modern sensibilities and values. Remember the counterpoint, too!
Partner Activity: Medieval art for analysis n n n With your partner, retrieve ONE laptop and access Ms. Peters course website. Go to the Middle Ages link, and click on Medieval Art for Analysis. Take some time to review the art included in the document and complete the analysis worksheet. Peters 86
Today’s review activity: n n n Go to http: //puzzlemaker. discoveryeducation. com Select “CRISSCROSS PUZZLE” In answer/clue box, provide the following: n n n 10 vocabulary words 5 significant quotations from each of the four tales ONLY 5 medieval terms/and or history clues 10 pilgrim/Gawain clues Print puzzle (4 copies) when finished and exchange with another group 87