
Основы биологии_Лекция-8 (2013).ppt
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ФБМФ МФТИ Основы биологии Лекция 8 2013
Митотическое деление клеток. Общая организация митоза. Кинетохор. Динамика митоза. Митоз растительной клетки. Различные типы митоза эукариотов.
Разнесение ДНК по дочерним бактериальным клеткам
Клеточный цикл у эукариот
Хромосомы и хроматиды
Удвоение хромосом • In preparation for cell division, DNA is replicated and the chromosomes condense • Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which separate during cell division 0. 5 µm A eukaryotic cell has multiple chromosomes, one of which is represented here. Before duplication, each chromosome has a single DNA molecule. Once duplicated, a chromosome consists of two sister chromatids connected at the centromere. Each chromatid contains a copy of the DNA molecule. Mechanical processes separate the sister chromatids into two chromosomes and distribute them to two daughter cells. Chromosome duplication (including DNA synthesis) Centromere Separation of sister chromatids Centrometers Sister chromatids
Удвоение хромосом • Because of duplication, each condensed chromosome consists of 2 identical chromatids joined by a centromere. • Each duplicated chromosome contains 2 identical DNA molecules (unless a mutation occurred), one in each chromatid: Non-sister chromatids Centromere Duplication Sister chromatids Two unduplicated chromosomes Sister chromatids Two duplicated chromosomes Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Кинетохор на центромере
Прикрепление микротрубочек веретена деления к кинетохору • The centromere is a constricted region of the chromosome containing a specific DNA sequence, to which is bound 2 discs of protein called kinetochores. • Kinetochores serve as points of attachment for microtubules that move the chromosomes during cell division: Metaphase chromosome Centromere region of chromosome Kinetochore microtubules Sister Chromatids Copyright © The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Принцип распределения генетической информации по дочерним клеткам Ø Some haploid & diploid cells divide by mitosis. Ø Each new cell receives one copy of every chromosome that was present in the original cell. Ø Produces 2 new cells that are both genetically identical to the original cell. DNA duplication during interphase Mitosis Diploid Cell
Фазы митоза
Фазы митоза (клетка животного)
Митоз в клетке животного Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase
Митоз в клетке растения Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase
Деление клеток растения
Варианты классификации митозов 7 типов митоза простейших: 6 типов митоза водорослей: • Закрытый внутриядерный плевромитоз • Закрытый внутриядерный ортомитоз • Закрытый эвгленоидный митоз • Закрытый внеядерный плевромитоз • Полузакрытый ортомитоз • Открытый ортомитоз (эумитоз) • Закрытый центрический • Закрытый ацентрический • Полузакрытый ацентрический • Открытый ацентрический
Анимация • http: //www. cellsalive. com/mitosis. htm О митозе подробно: • http: //ru. wikipedia. org/wiki/Митоз
Основы биологии_Лекция-8 (2013).ppt