Falkland Islands Підготувала студентка ІV-курсу географічного факультету сп

Falkland Islands Підготувала: студентка ІV-курсу географічного факультету сп. “Туризм” Шиманська Ольга

Main attributes: Flag Anthem: "God Save the Queen" Capital (and largest city) - Stanley Official language - English Government -British Overseas Territory - constitutional monarchy and parliamentarydemocr atic dependency Highest Point: Mount Usborne at 2, 313 feet (705 m) God save our gracious Queen! Long live our noble Queen! God save the Queen! Send her victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us: God save The Queen! O Lord our God arise, Scatter her enemies, And make them fall: Confound their politics, Frustrate their knavish tricks, On Thee our hopes we fix: God save us all. Thy choicest gifts in store, On her be pleased to pour; Long may she reign: May she defend our laws, And ever give us cause To sing with heart and voice God save the Queen! Emblem

History Controversy exists over the Falklands' original discovery and subsequent colonisation by Europeans. At various times there have been French, British, Spanish, and Argentine settlements. Britain reestablished its rule in 1833, yet the islands continue to be claimed by Argentina. In 1982, following Argentina's invasion of the islands, the two-month-long undeclared Falklands War between both countries resulted in the surrender of all Argentine forces. Regardless of its defeat, Argentina still pursues its claim, however, UK policy supports the islanders' self-determination to remain British citizens. Today the Falkland Islands are run under the English Common Law legal system and as an Overseas Territory of the U. K. The Falkland Islands' Chief of State is Queen Elizabeth II but it is also run locally by a governor chosen as the queen's representative.

Geography The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located more than 250 nautical miles (460 kilometres; 290 miles) east of the coast of mainland South America. The archipelago which has an area of 4, 700 square miles (12, 173 km 2) comprises East Falkland, West Falkland, and 776 smaller islands. Stanley, the capital and only city, is on East Falkland.

FAUNA warrah black-browed albatross marine mammals The Falkland Islands are classified as part of the Antarctic ecozone and Antarctic Floristic Kingdom. Strong connections exist with the flora and fauna of Patagonia in South America. The only terrestrial mammal upon the arrival of Europeans was the warrah, a kind of fox found on both major islands. It became extinct in the mid 19 th century. 14 species of marine mammals, the elephant seal, the fur seal, and the sea lions all breed are on the islands. There are two endemic species of bird, and 14 endemic subspecies. There are five penguin species breeding on the islands, and over 60% of the global black-browed albatross population also

There are no native reptiles or amphibians on the islands. Over 200 species of insects have been recorded, along with 43 spider species and 12 worm species. Only 13 terrestrial invertebrates are recognised as endemic. Due to the island environment, many insect species have developed reduced or absent wings. There around 129 freshwater invertebrates, the majority being rotifer. Six species of fish are found in freshwater areas, including zebra trout and falklands minnows. zebra trout

Flora fachine native box grasses, ferns, and shrubs Vegetation on the archipelago is composed of grasses, ferns, and shrubs. Around 363 species of vascular plants have been recorded on the island, 171 of which are native and 13 of which are endemic. There are no native tree species, although there are two species of bushes, fachine and native box. Some bogs and fens exist and support some freshwater plant species, but these are not common on the islands.

In the feldmark environments formed on exposed ridges and higher areas, cushion plants such as balsam bog (Bolax gummifera). Species of fern can also grow in such areas. In the most extreme areas, only lichen and specialised plants such as snakeplants can grow. Bolax gummifera The most common grass species is whitegrass (Cortaderia pilosa), and this grass heath covers the majority of the main islands. These grasses support other flowering plants, along with insects and birds.

c. Li. Mat. E Weather conditions are known to be extremely changeable. The Falkland Islands lie on the boundary of the Subarctic maritime climate and Temperate maritime climate zones that is very much influenced by the proximity of the Andes. The January average maximum temperature is about 13°C (55°F), and the July maximum average temperature is about 4°C (39°F). The average rainfall in Stanley is 604 millimetres, East Falkland as a whole 534 millimetres and West Falkland as a whole 555 millimetres. Humidity and winds are constantly high. Snow and sleet are frequent in winter, although snowfall is rarely.

Economy Fishing After years when the economy was based on the wool trade, the application of a fishing zone in 1986 allowed the Falklands to enrich itself thanks to fishing licences accorded to Asian and European boats. The licences bring in 20 million pounds a year for 250’ 000 to 300’ 000 tons of fish caught. This income depends entirely Except for defence, on the fish available. The FIG (Falkland the islands are self Islands Government) has an sufficient with annual exports of international reputation for good $125 million and management of its fish. imports of $90 million. Wool, world renowned, is the only farming product in the Falklands. For 150 years and up to the introduction of the fishing zone in 1986 the exporting of wool was the mainstay of the Falklands economy. A hundreds sheep farms, which represents about 700’ 000 sheep, produce 2, 7 million kilos of wool per year.

Stanley offers all the amenities and interests expected of a capital. A small, tidy The arrival of great ocean liners bringing and colourful town, Stanley is must for all hundreds of tourists for a 4 to 8 hours visit our clients, being both a place to relax for a to Stanley bay is the main source of couple of days, taking in the walks around tourism. A minority of travellers really the town, the museum, war memorials and discover the Falklands by staying at least a the hospitality of the town's people, and a week. destination to plan day trips in to the Tourism represents an appreciable surrounding countryside. potential for the future of the island but its development is restricted by conflicts of interest and personal desires. tourist attractions: Tourism 1982 Liberation Memorial Christ Church Cathedral Britannia house museum

St. Mary s Catholic Church Mount Longdon Whalebone Arch Military Cemetery Gypsy Cove

The colourful buildings, fantastic landscapes, tiny settlements nestling in large open spaces, playful penguins, fighting between male elephant seals, relaxed swimming of sea lions, cheerful hopping of small birds and the delicate beauty of Falklands flowers, battlefield tours and so much more Visitors to the Falkland Islands can take trips around the capital of Stanley by foot or vehicle, or beyond the city by plane, boat. The natural environment is the essence of the tourist experience in the Falkland Islands. Wildlife Tours can be taken to view colonies of penguins, albatross, other birdlife and to spot marine mammals. Battlefield Tours The Falkland Islands have a rich military history, with residents of the Islands having participated in both World Wars, as well as the 1982 Conflict between United Kingdom and Argentina. Cruise Ship Excursions A number of special tours have been designed specifically for cruise ship visitors - who are often in the Islands for just a day.

There's always a lot happening in the Falklands. Sports, shows, races, parades and balls occupy places in an annual calendar. Other events and competitions are organised throughout the year - darts, dancing and off-road driving are popular. Boat trips are a great way to see the Islands from a different perspective, watch wildlife or to travel further afield. Dolphins The remote and somewhat exotic nature of the Falkland invariably accompany boat journeys. Islands makes them a memorable location for weddings and honeymoons. The Islands offer unspoilt natural scenery and a distinctive setting for the most special of days.

ACCOMMODATION LISTINGS Address 38 Davis Street Manager Alex Olmedo Email thepaddock@cwimail. fk Tel +500 21466 Web www. waterfronthotel. co. fk Malvina House Hotel (Stanley) Recently opened Bed & Breakfast with spacious and comfortable king size, double and twin rooms, very well appointed public areas for working or relaxation, friendly and welcoming atmosphere and personalised service. Situated in central Stanley just steps away from local amenities and attractions. The Paddock B&B (Stanley) Address 3 Ross Road Manager Carl Stroud Email info@malvinahousehotel. com Tel +(500) 21355 Fax +(500) 21357 Located in the centre of Stanley, the hotel offers 36 comfortable rooms with excellent facilities including comprehensive room service and all with bath and shower ensuite. The fully licensed bar and a la carte restaurant are open to hotel residents and non-residents, serving appetising local produce carefully prepared by a Michelin star chef. The sauna and jacuzzi suite can be booked for private use. Cheaper rates in low season.

Kay's B&B (Stanley) Shallow Bay - Old House (West Falkland) Located in the centre of Stanley within easy walking distance of local amenities and attractions. Kay’s B&B has become famous for the gnome garden which is a part of the property. Home from home experience including traditional meals in a warm, friendly atmosphere. Waterfront Hotel (Stanley) The management prides itself on offering a personalised service with attention to detail. Local calls are free of charge and coffee and tea are made exchange and all other services expected in any other hotel including laundry service. Fully equipped house for 5. Offers an insight into farm life with the chance to participate in farm work at some times of the year. Horse riding, trout and mullet fishing opportunities are available. Tours can be arranged to see the miniature ponies at Main Point, penguins at Port North and other places of interest.

Transport In 1982, the Falkland Islands had no roads outside Stanley, only tracks. By 2007, the Falkland Islands had a road network of 488 miles (786 km) which in 2012 had been extended to 536 miles (862 km). Speed limits are 25 mph (40 km/h) in built-up areas and 40 mph (64 km/h) elsewhere. As of 2006, the Falkland Islands had 67 motor vehicles per 100 people. The Falkland Islands have two airports with paved runways – the main international airport RAF Mount Pleasant, 27 miles (43 km) west of Stanley. [149] opened in 1986 and the smaller Port Stanley Airport on the outskirts of Stanley, opened in 1979.

Falkland Islander Cuisine In general the food is typically English, tea with home made cake is also a custom. The local specialities are composed of lamb, mutton, beef, trout and also garden vegetables. There is a bit of fruit which is imported, like many other products, from England or Chile. The climate offers no possibility of developing farming on a big scale so the people grow their own vegetables in greenhouses. Deliveries of food are regularly made to the settlements.

The local seafood - mussels, oysters, scallops and crab as well as local sea trout and Atlantic Rock Cod (locally called mullet) are served in most restaurants while some of the smaller cafes and pubs offer the familiar fayre of fish and chips during the day. A visit to the Falklands would not be complete without sampling the delights of the local squid caught in deep waters. The Falklands are renowned for the quality of the lamb, mutton and beef all of which is ranched on the wide plains of the Islands. Upland Goose paté is also a local speciality and the unique flavour should be experienced if possible.

Useful information: Name of territory: Falkland Islands (English) Location: South Atlantic, East of Argentina Total area of archipelago: 12’ 173 km 2 Falklands capital: Stanley (on East Falkland) Population: 2’ 800 inhabitants (+ 2’ 000 British soldiers) Density of population: 0, 23 inhabitants/km 2 Average income: 22’ 000 $ per inhabitant Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II of England represented by Governor Donald Lamont Statute: British colony, claimed by Argentina Religion: Church of England (Christian) Official language: English Spoken language: English National Day: 14 June, Liberation Day Money: Notes and coins are the same as in Great Britain apart from the design. English money circulates freely on the isles. There are no exchange restrictions. Note that Falklands money cannot be exchanged outside the islands. Accomodation: Hotels or Bed & Breakfast (recommended, less expensive and more welcoming). Food: Almost the same as English food. Shops / Shopping / Souvenirs: Nothing much apart from woollen clothes. Very little local handicraft. Posters, books, paintings, stamps. Night life: Little night-time life. Pubs, restaurants and sometimes concerts and dances. Only in Stanley.