Façade Engineering Environmentally Sustainable Design
MEETS BUILDING CODES AND THE MINIMUM STANDARD OF CARE v Structurally sound v Fire-safe v Does not leak v Comfortable v Controlled Ventilation
Source : Rockwool International website
Source : Architecture 2030
DEFINITION OF A GREEN BUILDING A building that meets codes and saves ENERGY
ü USE LESS GLASS !
Concept glass cube house to showcase furniture with extra clear glass by Santambrogiomilano
The biggest cost items in high-rise office buildings are typically SUPERSTRUCTURE, FACADES and MEP SERVICES
ü LIMIT THE GLAZING AREA TO 30 – 35% ü USE HIGH PERFORMANCE GLASS
ü PROVIDE CORRECT VENTILATION adopt ASHRAE Standard 62
ü PROPER COMMISSIONING
The Impact of FAÇADES on Energy Efficiency of Buildings
architecture is the hidden polluter U. S. Energy Consumption by Sector. A reorganization of existing data - combining the energy required to run residential, commercial, and industrial buildings along with the embodied energy of industry-produced materials like carpet, tile, and hardware - exposes architecture as the hidden polluter Source : Architecture 2030
What shall we do? DESIGN STRATEGIES TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS OFF-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY
ENERGY USE IN OFFICES Source : UK Energy Efficiency Best Practice Program Energy Consumption Guide 19: Energy Use in Offices
Air conditioning load is due to lighting, equipment, people and heat gained through the facade
How efficient is your façade?
OTTV Overall Thermal Transfer Value WATTS PER M 2
HEAT W = OTTV x skin area m 2 W / m 2 x
external environment
OTTV Tdeq DT SF CF x (1 -WWR) x Uw + x WWR x Uf + x x WWR x SC SOLAR FACTOR TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE SHADING COEFFICIENT SOLAR CORRECTION FACTOR DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENT
15 6 α (1 −WWR)Uw + (WWR)Uf + ( x CF x WWR x SC) 194 OTTV Simplified Formula
Qgs glass solar Qgc glass conduction Qwc wall conduction
OTTV 15 6 α (1 −WWR)Uw + (WWR)Uf + ( x CF x WWR x SC) 194 SOLARWALL HEATGLASS WINDOW HEAT THROUGH
Qgc Qgs glass solar 80% glass conduction 10% 20% Qwc wall conduction 5%
OTTV Simplified Formula Uw Uf SC α 15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x ) CF SOLAR ABSORPTION FACTOR U VALUE BLACK 0. 9 – 1. 0 WHITE 0. 15 – 0. 3 SILVER / ALUMINIUM 0. 1
OTTV Uw Uf SC α 15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x ) CF SOLAR CORRECTION FACTOR
Orientation of Buildings
Uw Uf SC α 15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x ) CF SHADING COEFFICIENT OTTV
The lower the SC, the darker the interior
The higher the VLT, the lighter the interior, but beware of GLARE
SC SHADING COEFFICIENT SC = SC 1 x SC 2
15 (1 − ) + 6( ) + (194 x x x ) Uw Uf α WWR WWR SC CF Window Wall Ratio OTTV
The Window Wall Ratio
Window Wall Ratio
OTTV 11 36 13 39 WWR - Window / Wall Ratio (%) 15 17 19 21 23 25 44 47 51 55 59 63 27 67 29 71
DGU double glazed unit Sound insulation does not work when the air gap is small, say 6 mm Increase air gap = 20 - 100 mm
Type of Glass Single Pane regular glass Clear Insulated Glass 7/8 inch overall thickness Hard Coat Low-E insulated glass with argon Soft Coat Low-E insulated Glass Soft Coat Low-E insulated glass with argon R Value 0. 85 2. 08 2. 45 2. 75 3. 50 4. 35 Low. Emissivity Glass
Hard Coat Low-E glass Molten tin is heat welded to the glass. Coating is very strong and difficult to scratch or remove Soft Coat Low-E glass Silver, zinc, or tin are sputtered onto the surface of the glass where they stick. Coating is not strong and easily scratched
RNC
RNC EE CRITERIA Points EE 1 : Minimum EE Performance EE 2 : Renewable Energy EE 3 : Advanced EE Performance based on OTTV + RTTV EE 4 : Home Office + Connectivity EE 5 : Sustainable Maintenance NRNC 3 5 10 2 3
EE 1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE INTENT Establishing minimum EE performance to reduce energy consumption in buildings, thus reducing carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere. REQUIREMENT Points Meet MS 1525: 2007 specifications: §OTTV ≤ 50 W/m 2 §RTTV ≤ 25 W/m 2 AND §Roof U values ≤ 0. 4 W/m 2 K for lightweight roofs ≤ 0. 6 W/m 2 K for heavyweight roofs RNC 3 ROOF WEIGHT GROUP lightweight roof = < 50 kg/m 2 heavyweight roof = > 50 kg/m 2
EE 1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE Existing Design - Assumptions WWR = 25 % Glazing SC = 0. 85 Glazing U-Value = 5. 7 W/m 2 K Wall U-Value = 3. 2 W/m 2 K OTTV = 63 W/m 2 OTTV 11 36 0. 35 OTTV 37 RNC 13 39 0. 45 42 Target OTTV ≤ 50 W/m 2 15 44 Window / Wall Ratio (%) 17 19 21 23 47 51 55 59 25 63 27 67 29 71 0. 55 48 Glass Shading Coefficient 0. 65 0. 70 0. 75 0. 80 53 55 58 60 0. 85 63 0. 90 66 0. 95 68
EE 1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE ROOF U VALUE CALCULATIONS Target Roof U Value ≤ 0. 6 W/m 2 K 1 2 3 4, 5 6 RNC
EE 3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE INTENT Enhance building to provide thermally comfortable environment to reduce the use of air-conditioning REQUIREMENT Points § OTTV ≤ 46 W/m 2, Roof U values ≤ 0. 35 W/m 2 K (lightwt), ≤ 0. 5 W/m 2 K (heavywt) 2 § OTTV ≤ 44 W/m 2, Roof U values ≤ 0. 30 W/m 2 K (lightwt), ≤ 0. 4 W/m 2 K (heavywt) 4 § OTTV ≤ 42 W/m 2, Roof U values ≤ 0. 25 W/m 2 K (lightwt), ≤ 0. 3 W/m 2 K (heavywt) 6 § OTTV ≤ 40 W/m 2, Roof U values ≤ 0. 20 W/m 2 K (lightwt), ≤ 0. 2 W/m 2 K (heavywt) 8 § OTTV ≤ 38 W/m 2, Roof U values ≤ 0. 15 W/m 2 K (lightwt), ≤ 0. 15 W/m 2 K (heavywt) RNC 10
EE 3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE Design to MS 1525: 2007 WWR = 25 % Glazing SC = 0. 60 Glazing U-Value = 5. 7 W/m 2 K Wall U-Value = 3. 2 W/m 2 K OTTV = 50 W/m 2 OTTV 11 36 0. 35 OTTV 37 RNC 13 39 0. 45 42 Target OTTV ≤ 46 W/m 2 ≤ 44 W/m 2 ≤ 42 W/m 2 ≤ 40 W/m 2 ≤ 38 W/m 2 - 2 points - 4 points - 6 points - 8 points - 10 points 15 44 Window / Wall Ratio (%) 17 19 21 23 47 51 55 59 25 63 27 67 29 71 0. 55 48 Glass Shading Coefficient 0. 65 0. 70 0. 75 0. 80 53 55 58 60 0. 85 63 0. 90 66 0. 95 68
EE 3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE ROOF U VALUE CALCULATIONS +2 points +4 points +8 +10 points RNC +6 points
NRNC
NRNC EE CRITERA Points DESIGN EE 1 : Minimum EE Performance EE 2 : Lighting Zoning EE 3 : Electrical Sub-Metering EE 4 : Renewable Energy EE 5 : Advanced EE Performance 1 3 1 5 15 COMMISSIONING EE 6 : Enhanced Commissioning EE 7 : Post Occupancy Commissioning 3 2 VERIFICATION & MAINTENANCE EE 8 : EE Verification EE 9 : Sustainable Maintenance 2 3
EE 1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE INTENT Establishing minimum EE performance to reduce energy consumption in buildings, thus reducing carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere. REQUIREMENT Points § Meet MS 1525: 2007 specifications : OTTV ≤ 50 W/m 2 RTTV ≤ 25 W/m 2 AND § Provision of EMS where air-conditioned space ≥ 4, 000 m 2 NRNC 1
EE 5 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE INTENT Exceed EE performance and achieve Building Energy Intensity ≤ 150 k. Wh/m 2 yr REQUIREMENT Points § § § § Achieve BEI ≤ 150 k. Wh/m 2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 140 k. Wh/m 2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 130 k. Wh/m 2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 120 k. Wh/m 2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 110 k. Wh/m 2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 100 k. Wh/m 2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 90 k. Wh/m 2 yr Values above are for Office buildings only NRNC 2 3 5 8 10 12 15
EE 5 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE BEI of office buildings in Malaysia Source : PTM NRNC
What's on the Horizon? Using refractive and reflective optics allows direct daylight to be distributed deeper into a building's core. Source : Reliant Energy Retail Holdings LLC
THANK YOU Fenestra Malaysia Sdn Bhd J-5 -12 Solaris Mont Kiara 2 Jalan Solaris 50480 Kuala Lumpur T +603 6205 1288 F +603 6205 1289 E info@fenestra. com. my
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