FAA Satellite Navigation Status Deborah Lawrence, SBAS Program Manager Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) APEC/GIT-14 Federal Aviation Administration
FAA Satellite Navigation Program APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 2
Overview • WAAS Overview • LAAS Overview • GNSS Operations Strategy APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 3
Wide Area Augmentation System - 2003 38 Reference 3 Master 4 Ground Stations Earth Stations 2 Geostationary Satellite Links APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 2 Operational Control Centers Federal Aviation Administration 4
Updated WAAS Enterprise Schedule Phases FY FLP Segment (Phase II) 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Development Operational FOC LPV-200 Segment (Phase III) Operational Technical Refresh JRC Dual Frequency (Phase IV) Operational Technical Refresh JRC Former GEO Schedule GEO #3 – Intelsat Operational Launch 10/05 GEO #4 – Tele. Sat Operational Launch 9/05 Gap Filler GEO Operational Launch 09/08 GEO #5 – TBD Operational Launch 09/14 GEO #6 – TBD Operational Launch 06/15 GEO #7 - TBD Operational Launch 01/16 New GEO Schedule ! GEO #3 – Intelsat Operational Satellite Failure Launch 10/05 GEO #4 – Tele. Sat Operational Launch 9/05 Gap Filler GEO Operational Launch 09/08 POR (Evaluation in progress) Operational GEO #5 – TBD Operational GEO #6 - TBD Operational Launch 01/16 SLEP
WAAS Current GEO Performance • Both WAAS GEOs (CRW and CRE) Currently Operating Nominally – CRW Failure Expected by end of July 2010 – Daily Monitoring of CRW Performance shows no degradation of service at present • Preparing for single GEO (CRE) Coverage – Yearly maintenance of CRE Uplink stations completed early – GEO Uplink station receiver updated with improved firmware APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 6
Current WAAS Performance APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 7
Expected Impacts with CRW Failure • Once CRW service is discontinued, WAAS service over CONUS and most of Alaska will be provided by a single GEO – WAAS Users Will Experience Outages During GEO Uplink Subsystem (GUS) Switchovers • Temporary Loss of Service Approximately 5 Minutes Per Event • Typically Occurs 4 – 5 Times Per Month • In NW Alaska there will be no WAAS service since the remaining GEO (CRE) does not provide service to NW Alaska – Users Will Still Have LNAV Service with GPS RAIM – En route / Terminal Reverts to RAIM • NW Alaska and the Western Edge of NAS in North Pacific APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 8
Predicted LPV Coverage Degradation in Alaska APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 9
Alaskan Airports Impacted • • • • Adak Atqasuk Edward Burnell Sr. Memorial Bob Baker Memorial Deering Gambell Kivalina Nome Point Hope Point Lay LRRS Ralph Wien Memorial Savoonga Shishmaref Teller Wainright Wales Wiley Post APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 10
Other Impacts of CRW Failure • WAAS Program is accelerating implementation of a third GEO satellite (Gap-Filler) – Originally planned for operational use by Dec 2010 – Accelerated Schedule projected to have GEO operational by Oct 2010 but will Increase Program costs by approximately 1. 5 M – Addition of Gap-Filler GEO provides only limited coverage over Southeast Alaska • With a Single GEO (CRE) Operating WAAS performance more vulnerable to weak GPS constellation – Following example shows impact of a CRE GUS switchover at time when Critical GPS satellite (PRN 2) is unuseable – When a GUS Switchover occurs it takes upward of 6 hours before GEO can be used for ranging APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 11
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Mitigation Activity Status • WAAS Program is accelerating acquisition of a Ranging capable GEO – Program office had completed a market survey for GEO satellites just prior to CRW failure – Efforts underway to establish a procurement vehicle for new GEO(s) – FAA is awaiting replacement solution from loss of CRW from GEO satellite provider (Lockheed Martin) • Former WAAS GEO (POR) has been identified as mitigation for loss of Service in Alaska – Program Office has started planning efforts for inclusion of this satellite back into WAAS – Testing being conducted to evaluate how to operate POR in the current WAAS configuration APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 14
Expected Coverage • Current Coverage – CRW (Intelsat) at 133° W – CRE (Telesat) at 107. 3° W • Expected Coverage with Third WAAS GEO Operational October 2010 – AMR (Inmarsat) at 98° W • Expected Coverage with POR – POR (Inmarsat at 178° E APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 15
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GNSS Enabled RNP and ADS-B Navigation (> 99. 0% Availability) Accuracy (95%) *10 nm Terminal *4 nm 8 nm 4 nm *1 nm 2 nm Positioning 20 nm *2 nm En Route Containment (10 -7) Surveillance (>99. 9% Availability) LNAV *0. 3 nm 0. 6 nm RNP (AR) *0. 1 nm **0. 1 nm LPV 16 m/4 m 40 m/50 m LPV-200 16 m/4 m 40 m/35 m GLS Cat-I 16 m/4 m 40 m/10 m GLS Cat-III 16 m/2 m 40 m/10 m Separation NACp (95%) NIC (10 -7) 5 nm 0. 1 nm (7) 1 nm (5) 3 nm 0. 05 nm (8) 0. 6 nm (6) 2. 5 nm DPA 0. 05 nm (8) 0. 2 nm (7) 2. 0 nm IPA 121 m (8) 0. 2 nm (7) GNSS PNT (99. 0 – 99. 999%) GPS SBAS GBAS *Operational requirements are defined for total system accuracy, which is dominated by fight technical error. Position accuracy for these operations is negligible. ** Containment for RNP AR is specified as a total system requirement; value representative of current approvals. Dependent Parallel Approach (DPA) Independent Parallel Approach (IPA) Surveillance Integrity Level (SIL) Navigation Integrity Category (NIC) Navigation Accuracy Category for Position (NACp)
RNAV(GPS) Procedures “Basic RNP” As of June. 3 rd, 2010 - 2, 126 LPVs serving 1126 Airports - 1284 LPVs to non-ILS Runways - 842 LPVs to ILS runways - LPVs at 520 Non-ILS Airports - 246 LPV-200
Universal Navigation Systems (UNS) 1077 WAAS/SBAS-FMS receivers sold 95 different aircraft types 8 helicopter types/models Bombardier Q 300 Citation Bravo Series Hawker 125 -700 B/A Astra SPX Bombardier Q 400 Citation V Ultra 560 Hawker 125 -800 A/B ATR-42/300 Bombardier Q-400 Citation V 560 Series IAI-1124 Bae 125 -700 Cessna 208 B de Havilland DHC-6 Lear 35 (C-21 A) Bae 146/Avro RJ Casa-CN 235 -300 de Havilland DHC-7 Lear 31 & -31 A Beechcraft C 90 A CASA C-212 De Hav-8, -300 Lear 35 Beechcraft - 200/300 CRJ Embraer NB-145 Lear 35 A Beechcraft - 300 CL-600, -601 Falcon 10 Lear 36 A Beechcraft - 350 Cessna 560 XL Falcon 20 D Lear 40 B-767 -300 Cessna 560 XLS Falcon 20 Lear 45 B-737 -200 Cessna 525 Falcon 50 Lear 55 B-737 -400 Citation 1/SP 501 Falcon 2000 Lear 60 Bell 412 Citation II Gulfstream G-III Let L-410 Bombardier DHC-8 Citation Encore Gulfstream G-100 MD-87 Bombardier DHC-8 Citation 550 Gulfstream G-200 Northrup Grumman T-38 Bombardier DHC-8 -100, -102, -202, -300 Citation CE-650 Gulfstream II Dornier 228 Citation 1/SP 501 Hawker 125 -400 SAAB 340 A/B Aerospatiale SN 601 Bombardier Q-100, -200 APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Sabre 65 Federal Aviation Administration 19
Rockwell-Collins Acft LPV STCs 22 Aircraft types approved 15 Aircraft types pending approval Approved Pending CRJ-200 Beechjet 400 A Challenger 601 -3 A CRJ-700/900 Challenger CL-604 Challenger CL-300 Citation Jet CJ-1+ Challenger CL-605 Citation Jet CH-2+ Dassault Falcon 50 EX Citation Jet CJ-3 Dassault Falcon 2000/EX Citation Encore+ Gulfstream G-150 Dassault Falcon 20, 50, & 2000 Gulfstream G-200 Hawker-800 XP Hawker-400 XP Hawker 900, 800 and 750 series Premier IA King. Air-C 90 GTi, B 200 GT, B 200 CGT, B 300, B 350 & B 350 C APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 20
Honeywell/CMC Acft LPV STC’s • Approved STC’s: 2 acft types – Gulfstream G-450 – Gulfstream G-550 • Pending STC’s: 11 acft types – Gulfstream IV, V (projected fourth quarter 2010) – Falcon-900 EXC – Challenger CL-601 – Global-5000, Express (est. Aug 2011) – Hawker- 800 – Citation X – Cessna Sovereign – Dassault EASy – Viking APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 21
Current Reference Networks • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 22
Improved Reference Networks • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 23
Reference Networks with GAGAN • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS • GAGAN APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 24
Reference Networks with GAGAN and SDCM • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS • GAGAN • SDCM APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 25
Current Coverage • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 26
Improved Single Frequency Coverage • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 27
Dual Frequency Coverage (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS) • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 28
Dual Frequency Coverage (with GAGAN) • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS • GAGAN APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 29
Dual Frequency Coverage (with GAGAN + Russia) • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS • GAGAN • SDCM APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 30
Expanded Networks • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS • GAGAN • SDCM APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 31
Dual Frequency, Expanded Networks • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS • GAGAN • SDCM APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 32
Dual Frequency + Second Constellation (Galileo) • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS • GAGAN • SDCM APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 33
Dual Frequency, Dual GNSS, Expanded Networks • WAAS • EGNOS • MSAS • GAGAN • SDCM APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 34
Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) • • • Precision Approach For CAT- I, III Multiple Runway Coverage At An Airport 3 D RNP Procedures (RTA), CDAs Navigation for Closely Spaced Parallels Super Density Operations APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 35
GBAS Pathway Forward • Cat-I System Design Approval at Memphis – Complete • Cat-III Validation by - 2010 • Cat-III Final Investment Decision by - 2012 APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 36
LAAS/GBAS International Efforts Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Agana, Guam Sydney, Australia Malaga, Spain Frankfurt, Germany Bremen, Germany APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 37
10 th International GBAS Working Group • Today – – – Where did we come from and where are we going First FAA approved system - Honeywell SLS 4000 (Sept 2009) Proliferation of GBAS worldwide Common understanding of importance of Ionosphere Use of common tools – Pegasus Increased exchange of information between nations (Mo. As) • 60+ Airlines have ordered GBAS capable Boeing and Airbus aircraft • Current airlines GBAS equipped: – Continental, Delta Airlines, Qantas, Air Berlin, Tui. Fly, Sonair, Air Vanatu, Emirates • Over 15 countries have active GBAS programs APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Installed Planned Federal Aviation Administration S-CAT I 38
GBAS in Next. Gen • GBAS is an Integral Part of Next. Gen – GBAS • GBAS supports the strategy to evolve towards a performance-based NAS by using a satellite based navigation system and onboard technologies. – CSPO • GBAS has the capability of providing selectable glide paths, displaced thresholds and providing the most accurate navigation to support all advancements in CSPO independent operations. – Wake Turbulence • GBAS can provide multiple approach procedures on a single runway with different glide slope angles reduction in separation by mitigating wake turbulence. APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 39
CAT I Operational Implementation • Operational Implementation at Newark • GBAS implementation at Newark GLS RWY 29 – Partnership with user and industry involvement – Continental began taking delivery of GBAS operational 737 NG for EWR operations – Local RFI issues – FAA Spectrum investigating • GBAS implementation at Memphis – GBAS Memphis straight in approaches completed – Memphis system updates completed February 2010 • Potential for MEM system to be relocated to Houston – Fed. Ex/MEM limited immediate use • Presently no definite GBAS equipage for B 757 fleet • Operations limited : only one B 727 -200 and FAA flight test – Houston operational use • Additional airport to establish city pair for Continental operations • Houston has Next. Gen projects for CSPO and Wake Turbulence APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 40
GBAS CAT II/III • Technical – Finalize CAT II/III standards (standards for user equipment/avionics) – Prototyping and Validation • Develop CAT II/III ground facility prototype to validate requirements and mitigate technical risk • Develop avionics prototype to validate user equipment requirements • CAT II/III Acquisition preparation – Drafting required documents according to FAA Acquisition Management System (AMS) for CAT II/III acquisition decision • Integrated program Plan • Business Case • Long-term GBAS: Single Frequency then Dual Frequency Approach – Upgrade to Dual Frequency dependent on dual frequency (L 1, L 5) constellation APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 41
GBAS Schedule FY 09 CAT I Non-Fed CAT III Standards MOPS RD/CONOPS SPEC 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 OPS Approval MEM/EWR MOPS CONOPS/RD Draft Spec Updated Spec CAT III Prototype Ground GND prototype CAT III prototype avionics Avionics Prototype CAT III Acquisition Milestones IID tbd FID IOC Development Implementation Development/ implementation Dual Frequency R&D APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Dual Frequency R&D Federal Aviation Administration 42
BOEING B 787 / B 747 -8 Orders (GBAS standard) B 787 866 aircraft B 747 -8 108 aircraft Total 974 aircraft Boeing • B 727 -200 • GBAS Fed. EX STC • B 737 NG • GBAS Option (forward fit and retrofit) • B 747 - 8 • GBAS standard / 2010 • B 787 • GBAS standard / 2010 APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 43
AIRBUS A 380/A 350 Orders (GBAS optional) A 380 -800 (60%GLS orders) 234 aircraft A 350 493 aircraft Total 724 aircraft Airbus • A 380 • GBAS Option • A 320 • GBAS Option (forward fit and retrofit) • A 330/340 • GBAS Option / 2011 • A 350 • GBAS Option/2013 (also SBAS option) APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 44
Airbus GBAS Equipage A 380 -Actual MAY 2010 Airline First commercial flight Number in service Air France 20 November 2009 3 Emirates 1 August 2008 9 (4 GLS, 5 in retrofit) Lufthansa 6 June 2010 1 GLS Qantas 20 October 2008 6 GLS Singapore Airlines 25 October 2007 10 Total 16 GLS capable APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 45
Summary • Single frequency coverage is good within the countries fielding SBAS • Dual frequency extends coverage outside reference networks & allows LPV operation in equatorial areas • Expanding networks into southern hemisphere could allow global coverage of land masses • Additional constellations allow even greater coverage with fewer stations APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 46
Summary Cont’d • • • Complete CAT I operational implementation at Newark Establish the Houston GBAS project Continue work to support Next. Gen strategies Prepare AMS documentation for acquisition decision Finalize CAT III standards for user equipment and avionics • Develop CAT III ground facility prototype, CAT III avionics prototype to validate requirements and interoperability APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 47
Questions APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 48
Conclusions • Single frequency coverage is good within the countries fielding SBAS • Dual frequency extends coverage outside reference networks & allows LPV operation in equatorial areas • Expanding networks into southern hemisphere could allow global coverage of land masses • Additional constellations allow even greater coverage with fewer stations 49 APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 49
WAAS Transition Strategy • Identify Activities and Work Efforts for remainder of WAAS Phase III (2009 -2013) and Phase IV (2014 – 2028) – – – Identify the Overall work scope for next 5 years Establish Workload Assignments (FAA and/or Vendor) Supports Start of Next Phase (IV) and L 5 Planning Update Program Documentation Coordinate as needed with Next. Gen, ADS-B and Backup Navigation Activities – Develop overarching Schedule with milestones and identification of key decision points APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 50
Benefit updates for GBAS CAT II/III - FAA Acquisition • • • CAT IIIa/b Precision Approach: supports the strategy to evolve towards a performance-based NAS by using a satellite based navigation system and onboard technologies. Precision Approach Access: GBAS provides precision approach capability where siting constraints have prevented ILS from being implemented or CAT III implementation is cost prohibitive. Removal of ILS Critical Areas: GBAS is not limited by the operational restrictions due to ILS critical areas and can reduce ground movement delays. Wake Turbulence: GBAS can provide multiple approach procedures on a single runway with different glide slope angles reduction in separation by mitigating wake turbulence. Closely Spaced Parallel Operations: GBAS has the capability of providing selectable glide paths, as well as displaced thresholds and providing the most accurate navigation to support all advancements in CSPO independent operations. APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 51
Benefit updates for GBAS CAT II/III - FAA Acquisition • DCPS: GBAS provides differentially corrected positioning services within the terminal area to enable GBAS equipped users to fly complex RNAV/RNP procedures with higher availability. • Surface Navigation: In conjunction with ADS-B equipment, early provision of GBAS PNT services may enable positioning service for surface movement, navigation, and virtual tower operations. • RNAV/RNP: GBAS systems will enable early adoption of the navigation accuracy required in high density airspace for most midterm and advanced concepts in the terminal environment. • User Transition: GBAS CAT I also provides an early opportunity for operational familiarity with the procedures prior to the availability of GBAS Cat II/III systems. APEC GIT/14 23 June 2010 Federal Aviation Administration 52
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