External Factors Radical ideas Middle class radicals Radical

External Factors Radical ideas Middle class radicals Radical ideas Working class demands Fear of Revolution Internal events – (Inside Parliament) Grey/Whigs in power - reformers Tories oppose reform Passage of Bill – difficult – frightening? 1832 reform Act Whigs extend franchise redistribute seats Bill does not change things much. Riots after Second Bill rejected Why passed? Expediency? – Reform that ye may preserve? Principle? – Move towards democracy Swing Riots 1832 So Expediency or principle? External or Internal?

Trade Union campaign External Factors Demands for More form from Radicals Inside + outside parl Gladstone converted to Franchise extension W/C more responsible? Population changes Urban expansion Am Civil War Internal events –(Inside Parliament) Liberals resign 1866 Derby/Disraeli/Tories in power Disraeli needs reform – 1866 Bill Some Tories resign Liberals amend Bill – Disraeli does not mind Bill passed – extends franchise to some w/c Redistribution of seats (25 to Counties) Tories credited with passing reform Does it change who holds power/ 1867 Hyde Park riots So Expediency or principle? External or Internal?

External Factors Internal events – Gladstone/Liberals in power Demands for More form from Radicals Inside + outside parl Gladstone needed Reform Bill as social reform was lacking. Put forward Reform Bill. Tories in Lords rejected it. Crisis. Threat to get rid of House of Lords. Salisbury – Arlington House Compromise – Passed [a] 1884 Reform Bill and [b] 1885 Redistribution Bill. [a] extends franchise to all w/c men [b] Changes constituencies – creates ‘villa Toryism’ – Tories get MP’s in towns 1884/5 So Expediency or principle? External or Internal?