Extending the Internet Throughout the Physical World Keynote

Extending the Internet Throughout the Physical World Keynote to The EC-US Taskforce on Biotechnology Research Arlington, VA Sept 9, 2001 Larry Smarr Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

Towards a Global Biological Knowledge Grid • Capture and Integrate Multiple Scales of Science – – – Genomes, Proteins, Metabolic Pathways Cellular Systems Organism Models Ecological Systems Geographic Biodiversity Environmental Interactions • Adapting to the Emerging Information Infrastructure – – – Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime Distributed Sensors, Data, People, Computers From the Web to the Grid Highly Parallel Light Waves Through Fiber Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer

Dynamic Growth in Mobile Internet Forecast of Internet users worldwide 3 G Adds Mobility, Qo. S, and High Speeds Subscribers (millions) 2, 000 1, 800 1, 600 1, 400 1, 200 1, 000 Mobile Internet 800 600 400 Fixed Internet 200 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 Source: Ericsson 2003 2004 2005

California Has Undertaken a Grand Experiment in Partnering The California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology, and Quantitative Biomedical Research The Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society UCD UCB UCSF UCM UCSC The California Nano. Systems Institute UCSB UCLA UCI UCSD The California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

The UCSD “Living Grid Laboratory”— Fiber, Wireless, Compute, Data, Software • Commodity Internet, Internet 2 • CENIC’s ONI, Cal-REN 2, Dig. Cal. • PACI Distributed Terascale Facility Wireless WAN SDSC • High-speed optical core CS Eng. / Cal-(IT)2 Hosp Med Chem • Wireless LANs SIO ½ Mile Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC

The High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network • Cal-(IT)2 Will Build on This Pioneering Experiment • Add New Ecological Sensor Arrays • Try Out New Wireless Technologies • Data Analysis • Outreach and Education NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC, UCSD Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO, UCSD 45 mbps Duplex Backbone

As Our Bodies Move On-Line Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Merge FDA Approved Aug. 2001 • New Sensors—Israeli Video Pill – Battery, Light, & Video Camera – Images Stored on Hip Device • Next Step—Putting You On-Line! – Wireless Internet Transmission – Key Metabolic and Physical Variables – Model -- Dozens of 25 Processors and 60 Sensors / Actuators Inside of our Cars • Post-Genomic Individualized Medicine – Combine – Genetic Code – Body Data Flow – Use Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques www. givenimaging. com

Adding Brilliance to Wireless Sensors With Systems-on-Chip Applications Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems Sensors Embedded Software Processors Memory Protocol Processors Radio DSP Ad Hoc Hierarchical Network of Brilliant Sensors Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE Internet

or s Moore’s Law— Simple 2 D Shrinking Reaches End by 2015 io ill io n m Intel 386 Intel 486 Pentium. Pro Pentium. III IA-64 1970 m 0 DARPA 10 nm 1 nm on li 10 100 nm ill 1 Feature size (nanometers) 1000 nm n tr an si st Intel 8080 1980 Bipolar, NMOS 1990 2000 CMOS 10 il b 15 Nanosciences Molecular Electronics/ Quantum / Bio 3 -D CMOS + 2010 2020 HYBRIDS 2030 2040 2050 ? Source: Shankar Sastry, DARPA ITO

The Perfect Storm: Convergence of Engineering with Bio, Physics, & IT 500 x Magnification Nanogen Micro. Array 2 mm VCSELaser 400 x Magnification IBM Quantum Corral Iron Atoms on Copper Human Rhinovirus 5 nanometers Nanobioinfotechnology

Why the Grid is the Future Scientific American, January 2001

Layered Software Approach to Building the Planetary Grid Science Portals & Workbenches Twenty-First Century Applications Access Grid Computational Grid Access Services & Technology Computational Services Grid Services (resource independent) Grid Fabric (resource dependent) “A source book for the history of the future” -- Vint Cerf Networking, Devices and Systems Edited by Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman www. mkp. com/grids P e r f o r m a n c e

The Grid Physics Network Is Driving the Creation of an International Grid • Paul Avery (Univ. of Florida) and Ian Foster (U. Chicago and ANL), Lead PIs – Largest NSF Information Technology Research Grant – 20 Institutions Involved – Built on Globus Middleware LHC Sloan Digital Sky Survey CMS ATLAS

The EUROGRID Creates an EU Virtual Machine Room • UNICORE – Java Middleware • Driven by Applications • Links to Key Databases • One Interface to Multiple Machines

STAR TAP: Science Technology And Research Transit Access Point Canada Japan Korea (2) Taiwan Singapore (2) Australia (2) China Chile, Brazil ANSP, Brazil RNP, Mexico US: Abilene, DREN, ESnet, NISN, NREN, v. BNS/v. BNS+ Norway Iceland Sweden Finland Denmark Russia France Netherlands CERN Israel Ireland Belgium Europe/DANTE United Kingdom www. startap. net http: //www. ucaid. edu/abilene/html/itnpeerparticipants. html (Abilene ITN) http: //www. canet 3. net/optical/peering_info/intl_peering. html (CA*net 3 ITN)

Star Light International Wavelength Switching Hub Asia. Pacific SURFnet, CERN CANARIE Seattle Portland NYC Asia. Pacific Tera. Grid Caltech SDSC *ANL, UIC, NU, UC, IIT, MREN Source: Tom De. Fanti, Maxine Brown AMPATH

The NSF Tera. Grid Partnerships for Advanced Computational Infrastructure This will Become the National Backbone to Support Multiple Large Scale Science and Engineering Projects Applications Visualization Caltech Argonne 0. 5 TF 0. 4 TB Memory 86 TB disk 1 TF 0. 25 TB Memory 25 TB disk Tera. Grid Backbone (40 Gbps) Data SDSC 4. 1 TF 2 TB Memory 250 TB disk Compute NCSA 8 TF 4 TB Memory 240 TB disk

Advancing Realism in Modeling Cell Structures • Pre-Blue Horizon (mid-1990 s): – Model Electrostatic Forces of a Structure up to 50, 000 Atoms – a Single Protein or Small Assembly • Pre-Tera. Grid (2001): – Model One Million Atoms – Simulate Drawing a Drug Molecule Through a Microtubule or Tugging RNA Into a Ribosome • Tera. Grid (2003): – Models of 10 Million Atoms – Model Function, Structure Movement, and Interaction at the Cellular Level for Drug Design and to Understand Disease Baker, N. , Sept, D. , Joseph, S. , Holst, M. , and Mc. Cammon, J. A. PNAS 98: 10037 -10040 (2001) Source: Fran Berman

Prototyping the Grid Cyber-Infrastructure for a Biomedical Imaging Research Network Forming a National-Scale Grid Federating Multi-Scale Neuro-Imaging Data from Centers with High Field MRI and Advanced 3 D Microscopes Deep Web Harvard NCRR Imaging Source: Mark Ellisman, UCSD BIRN and Computing Resources UCSD Cal Tech SDSC UCLA UCSD Surface Web Cal-(IT)2 Duke Wireless “Pad” Web Interface Part of the UCSD CRBS Center for Research on Biological Structure

From Telephone Conference Calls to Access Grid International Video Meetings Creating a Virtual Global Research Lab Access Grid Lead-Argonne NSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab

Vast Data Sets Will Require High Resolution Data Analysis Facilities Celera Control Room SDSC SIO Cal-(IT)2 Control Room Cox Communications Teraburst Networks Panoram Technologies Newsday Photo Ira Schwarz

Grid-Enabled Collaborative Analysis of Ecosystem Dynamics Datasets Chesapeake Bay Data in Collaborative Virtual Environment

Common Portal Architecture Customized for Biological Sciences Web Browser - Portal Interface State Values Portal Engine Data Gather XML HTML Legacy and Problem Specific Databases, Collections, & Literature User Preferences Analysis Tools - Genome, Protein, & Metabolic Pathways - Cellular Models - Integrative Systems - Species Identification - GIS Biodiversity - Data Mining -. . .

A Global IT Strategy Is Needed to Integrate the Emerging Plant Genomes

Immense Computing Power Will Be Required to Lead in Post-Genomic Research • ”We Don’t Need an Evolution in Computing, We Need a Revolution”—Craig Venter • Sandia and Celera Will Collaborate On: – Advanced Algorithms – Visualization Technologies for Analyzing Massive Quantities of Experimental Data From High-Throughput Instruments • Equivalent to 100, 000 Pentium 4’s! • Prototype by 2004

Biology is at the Leading Edge of Using the Emerging Planetary Computer Application Software Has Been Downloaded to Over 30, 000 PCs Over 500 CPU-Years Computed Total Storage 50 Terabytes, Peak Speed 13 Teraflops In Silico Drug Design Art Olson, The Scripps Research Institute

A Planetary Mega. Computer— Distributed Computing & Mass Storage • Napster Meets Seti@Home ! • Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years – Average Speed Ten Giga. FLOP – Average Free Storage 100 GB • Planetary Computer Capacity – 100, 000 Teta. FLOP Speed – 1 Million Terabyte Storage • Global Distributed Server for Mobile Clients

Will a New Form of Intelligence Join Human Kind? 1 Million x • Will the Grid Become Self–Organizing –Powered –Aware? Source: Hans Moravec www. transhumanist. com/volume 1/power_075. jpg