EXPLOSIVE DETECTION SYSTEMS (EDS) Based on GAMMA RESONANCE TECHNOLOGY (GRT) Scientific Innovations Inc. Joseph H. Brondo, Jr. , CEO Brookhaven National Laboratory Lucian Wielopolski, Ph. D. Innovations Advanced Energy Systems Anthony Favali, CEO Joseph Sredniawski, VP. NSNRC: David Vardsky, Ph. D. SCIENTIFIC June 2002 Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Objectives A Joint Program by Scientific Innovations, Inc. Brookhaven National Laboratory Advanced Energy Systems, Inc. Rapid deployment of resonance technology for detection and imaging of concealed explosives, chemical warfare agents, and dirty and nuclear bombs in shipping containers Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: Organization Scientific Innovations Inc. Liaison With the Industry Principal Patent Holder Brookhaven National Laboratory R&D Accelerator Electronics Targets System Integration Advanced Energy Systems Inc. Engineering, Production Nuclear Research Center Soreq, Israel Brookhaven National Laboratory Resonance Detectors, Software Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT System Configuration Patents by Scientific Innovations, Inc. An accelerator is used to produce protons at a specific energy such that unique resonant gamma rays are generated from impingement on a specific target. The emitted gamma rays pass through a volume of interest and interact resonantly with specific elements of interest so that images of the elemental density are developed from the variation in gamma detection counts. Fluorescence or scattered gammas resonant with the element are also detected simultaneously. Non resonant gamma rays are used to image total density. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: Explosives Name MW C H N O N (%) g/cm 3 TNT 227. 13 7 5 3 6 18. 5 1. 65 RDX 222. 26 3 6 6 6 38. 0 1. 83 HMX 296. 16 4 8 8 8 37. 8 1. 96 Tetryl 287. 15 7 5 5 8 24. 4 1. 73 PETN 316. 20 5 8 4 12 17. 7 1. 78 NG 227. 09 3 5 3 9 18. 5 1. 59 EGDN 152. 10 2 4 2 6 18. 4 1. 49 AN 80. 05 - 4 2 3 35. 0 1. 59 TATP 222. 23 9 18 - 6 - 1. 2 DNB 168. 11 6 4 2 4 16. 7 1. 58 Picric Acid 229. 12 6 3 3 7 18. 3 1. 76 Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: Explosives Where: TNT – 2, 4, 6 -Trinitrotoluene RDX – Hexogen HMX – Octogen Tetryl – PETN – Nitropenta NG – Nitroglycerin EGDN – Ethylene glycol dinitrate AN – Ammonium Nitrate (NH 4 NO 3) TATP – DNB – 1, 3 -Dinitrobenzene Picric acid Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc About 80% of the explosives contain N, those that do not contain N contain Cl. Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: Other Materials Name C% H% N% O% g/cm 3 Wool 37. 5 4. 7 21. 9 5. 1 1. 32 Silk 39. 5 5. 3 28. 8 26. 3 1. 25 Nylon 63. 7 9. 7 12. 4 14. 2 1. 14 Orlon 67. 9 5. 7 26. 4 0 1. 16 Melamin 43. 6 Formaldehyde 5. 5 50. 9 0 1. 48 Polyurethane 52. 2 7. 9 12. 2 27. 8 1. 50 Meats - - ~3 - 1. 10 Plants - - ~1 - 1. 05 Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Advantages In a two dimensional plot simultaneous registration of the total density and the nitrogen density separates the explosives from other common materials. This two dimensional Matrix Provides for fully automatic identification of explosives Addition of other elements will provide for a multidimensional matrix Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: Requirements An ideal EDS system will 1) Detect directly presence of an explosive. 2) Identify the type of explosive. 3) Localize the explosive. 4) Minimize false positives. 5) Operate reliably in the field. 6) Provide high throughput. 7) Would not induces residual activity. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EXPLOSIVE DETECTION SYSTEMS (EDS) based on GAMMA RESONANCE TECHNOLOGY (GRT) Explosives and Chemical Warfare Agents Detection & Imaging Brookhaven National Laboratory Lucian Wielopolski, Ph. D. Scientific Innovations Inc. (SII) Joseph Brondo, CEO June 2002 Brookhaven National Laboratory EDS-GRT Development Center Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: Current Technologies BULK ANALYSIS X-Ray Computed Tomography Dual Energy Pulsed Fast Neutron Analysis Diffraction Backscatter Brookhaven National Laboratory Other Nuclear Neutrons Thermal Neutron Analysis Standard Transmission Trace Analysis Associated Alpha Particle Time of Flight Gamma Backscatter Electromagnetic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR Gamma Transmission Neutron Backscatter Pulsed Fast Thermal Neutron Analysis Scientific Innovations, Inc Gamma Resonance Technology Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance NQR Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: Basic Principles Gamma Resonance occurs when the energy of a gamma beam is precisely tuned to coincide with a nuclear excitation level in a nucleus of an element of interest. GRT can be implemented in either absorption (transmission) or scattering mode. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: Basic Configurations A low energy proton beam hits a dedicated target and produces resonance gamma rays. These interact resonantly with N or Cl encountered in the explosive. Monitoring the transmitted and the scattered beams, with the transmission and scattering detectors, respectively, allows analysis and imaging of the elements of interest. Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Protons Target Scattering Detectors Object Transmitted Beam Scattered Beam Transmission Detectors Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: Transmission Setup measures simultaneously the resonantt and non resonant gamma ray flux and can differentiate between the two. The ratio of the two identifies the explosive At 9. 17 Me. V gamma ray resonance attenuation is about four times higher than the non resonant radiation. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Resonance Principle Gamma resonance radiation from accelerator based nuclear reactions Accelerator Proton Beam SII Patents Patent 5, 040, 200 Patent 5, 293, 414 Patent 6, 215, 851 Beam Production Target Object Detector Array Brookhaven National Laboratory Resonant Gamma Fan Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Accomplishments DC Tandem Accelerator Design Specifications • • Energy tunable up to Beam current, ~2 m. A, up to Total Emittance Beam spread Brookhaven National Laboratory ~ 1. 9 Me. V ~ 10 m. A ~0. 1 pi mm mrad < 25 ke. V Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Accomplishments 1 Operational High Intensity Resonance Source at Northrop Grumman Prior to Transfer to BNL 2 Partial Installation of the Resonance Source at BNL Site For R&D and Testing of Resonance Technology. 3 Specialized Resonance Detectors for Nitrogen, Used in Proof-of-Principle Demonstration, Were Developed. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Accomplishments Nahal Soreq group experimental set-up at Los Alamos inspecting LD-3 air cargo container Brookhaven National Laboratory Two Projection images through an aircraft container loaded with mixed cargo containing six explosives. The nitrogen image clearly identifies the explosives. Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Proof-of-Principle Demonstrated by Soreq Group Using Resonance Detectors: Test Set Up Using Explosive Simulants (nitrogenous material) And Other Objects Total Density Image Nitrogen Density Image Highlights Explosive Simulants And Makes Lead Brick Transparent Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Proof-of-Principle Tissue N ~ 2. 7% Explosive N ~ 19% - 30%. Gammagram Nitrogram Nahal Soreq Group Experiment at Mc. Master University Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT-Targets • Single Element Targets • Multi-element (layered) Targets • Multi-element (segmented) Targets Target Ep (Me. V) σabs (barns) Eγ (Me. V) Reaction 14 N 13 C 1. 75 2. 6 9. 17 13 C(p, γ)14 N 40 Ca 39 K 2. 04 5. 0 10. 32 39 K(p, γ)40 Ca 35 Cl 34 S 1. 89 1. 0 8. 21 34 S(p, γ)35 Cl 16 O 19 F 2. 6 2. 4 6. 92 19 F(p, α, γ)16 O 12 C 15 N 2. 6 1. 1 4. 43 15 N(p, α, γ)12 C Element Detected Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
Comparison of Accelerators Parameter Electrostatic Power Source res. circuit Output (m. A) 10 Beam energy spread (+/-ke. V) 6 Est. Accel. Dev. cost ($M) 6** Est. Prod. Cost ($M) 1. 5 Power conv. eff. (%) 0. 5 Beam power eff. (%) 0. 9 Overall accel. eff. (%) 0. 45 Wall power (k. W) 39 Footprint (ft 2) 212 Technology cutting edge RF tube 10* 25 5 3. 0 0. 4 0. 30 0. 12 146 240 exists solid state 10* 25 6. 5 4. 0 0. 55 0. 30 0. 165 106 200 exists * Potential to 100 m. A with increased input power ** Includes cost of HVPS/LVPS development to date Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Applications Border Control Stadiums & Olympic Events Airline Security Embassies Railroad Security RT-EDIS Shipping Ports Building & Monument Security Power Plant Security Force Protection Brookhaven National Laboratory Bridges/Tunnels Postal Security Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT LD-3 Container Inspection Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Airport Luggage A configuration of a system in an airport feeding simultaneously two inspection stations for bags. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Future Plans To Construct Deployable Inspection Systems Capable To Interrogate Small (postage parcel) And Large (ship containers) Bulk Materials, Using High Resolution Medium Intensity And Low Resolution High Intensity Accelerators, Respectively. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT High Throughput Configuration n A single accelerator module can drive multiple detection modules simultaneously to give high throughputs. This requires a special gamma production target (Patent 6, 215, 430 and Patent 5, 784, 430) Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: Large Cargo Screening Detectors Using four ramps may interrogate simultaneously 40 foot container in about 3 to 4 minutes, stacked containers will double the capacity. (Extrapolated from experiments) Brookhaven National Laboratory Stacked Containers Resonance Gamma Beam Target 36’ 8’ 21’ 18’ Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Time Shared Configuration • Single accelerator serves multiple detection stations Each detection station can process 1600 bags/hr, 24 LD-3 containers/hr, 4 conveyors simultaneously High speed mail hubs, checked luggage, containers Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Truck Inspection Force Protection, Borders, Power Plants, Bridges and Tunnels Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Advantages • High Detection Probability (>90%) • Low False Alarm Rate (<5%) • High Throughput (1600 bags/hr, 24 LD-3/hr, ~3 min/truck)/station • Specific Explosive Signature (Chemical elements) • Fully Automated Decision Making • Single Source Can Feed Multiple Inspection Stations (in parallel or in time share modes) • Suitable for Inspection of Postal Parcels Up To Large Vehicles or Shipping Containers • No Residual Activity • Elemental 3 -D Imaging Capability Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT False Alarm versus scan time Data Based Upon 10 m. A of Proton Current and 90% Detection Probability HE @ 450 g Sensitivity 100 cm (suitcase) 145 cm (small carousel) 252 cm dia container (LD-3) Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: Public safety • Accelerator produces low energy x-rays. • Target produces only gamma radiation, no neutrons. • Shielded highly collimated beam. • Dose to image N in human body 0. 026 mrem. • Dose to stowaway will be considerable lower. • Gamma flux is two to three orders of magnitude lower than for VACIS or CT systems. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT Path Forward 1. Complete BNL Development and Test Facility (1 y) • Complete Facility • Target Development • Detectors Development • System Integration and Testing 2. Setup a Low Rate Production Facility (1 -2 y) • Set Up Low Rate Production Facility • Production Engineering Design • Production of a Small and Large Cargo Inspection Systems • Field evaluation 3. Establish a High Rate Production Facility (2 -3 y) Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: R&D Project Manager BNL Scientific Innovations Accelerator BNL AES Target BNL Software BNL/Nahal Soreq Detectors BNL Resonance Detectors Nahal Soreq System Integration BNL Nahal Soreq AES SII – Scientific Innovations Inc. AES – Advanced Energy Systems Inc. Nahal Soreq – Nuclear Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Position Sensitive Detectors TRIUMF SII New Detectors Cl, Ca, LSO Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
EDS-GRT: Time Schedule Test facility can be ready within a year. Tandem Accelerator (TA) LC System Integration Targets LC System Testing & Evaluation Detectors System Engineering TA Infrastructure Documentation 0 Brookhaven National Laboratory 3 6 Scientific Innovations, Inc 9 12 Month Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
SUMMARY 1. There is a need for new technology to meet future needs of national security. 2. Proof-of-principle of GRT for explosive detection and imaging has been demonstrated. 3. Gamma Resonance Technology is a viable method for detection of explosives and other elements in small and large shipping containers. 4. Life cycle of a unit is 10 to 15 years. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
SUMMARY 4. The proposed EDS-GRT fills deficiencies of current x-ray scanners and other systems in use. 5. Extensive expertise at BNL in nuclear physics, particle accelerators, γ ray detectors and systems integration provide high probability for success. 6. A test facility ready for systems testing and prototype certification can be delivered within a year. 7. A field deployable system can be developed within two years. Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
Brookhaven National Laboratory Scientific Innovations, Inc Advanced Energy Systems, Inc.
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