Exploring Digital Libraries: Integrating Browsing, Searching, and Visualization JCDL 2006, Chapel Hill, NC, June 12, 2006 Rao Shen, Naga Srinivas Vemuri, Weiguo Fan, Ricardo da S. Torres, and Edward A. Fox fox@vt. edu http: //fox. cs. vt. edu
Acknowledgements (Selected) • Sponsors: NSF grant ITR-0325579, ASOR, CWRU, ETANA, Vanderbilt U. , Virginia Tech • Faculty/Staff: Lillian Cassel, Debra Dudley, Manuel Perez, … • VT (Former) Students: Marcos A. Gonçalves, Doug Gorton, Aaron Krowne, Ming Luo, …
Acknowledgements (Selected) • Karen Borstad, MPP • Christopher Holland, LRP • Giorgio Buccellati, UCLA • Paul Jacobs, Mississippi State U. • Douglas Clark, Walla College • Douglas Knight, Vanderbilt U. • Joanne Eustis, CWRU • Stan La. Bianca, Andrews U. • Nick Fischio, CWRU • David Mc. Creery, Willamette U. • Israel Finkelstein, Tel-Aviv University • Eric Meyers, Duke U. • Paul Gherman, Vanderbilt U. • Adam Porter, Illinois College • Andrew Graham, U. Toronto • Jack Sasson, Vanderbilt U. • Tim Harrison, U. Toronto • Tom Schaub, Indiana U. of Penn. • Larry Herr, Canadian University College • Randall Younker, Andrews U.
Outline Ø Ø Ø Introduction Related work Exploring service formalization Exploring services in ETANA-DL Conclusions
Introduction n What’s exploring? searching, browsing, investigating, studying, or analyzing for purposes of discovery, pursuing truth or facts about something
Introduction (Cont. ) n Are browsing and searching duals or can they be converted to each other when certain conditions are met? n Can we generalize these DL exploring services within a formal DL framework? n Can the formal generalization guide development of exploring services for domain focused DLs?
Related Work on Integrating Services in DLs integrating searching and browsing with other services includes clustering and visualization has examples Stepping Stones Citi. Viz RB++ Grouper & Pathways Cat-a-Cone Kartoo Flamenco Etana. Viz Web. Book Hieraxes … systems In 2000 s found in systems In 1980 s has an example I 3 R RABBIT CODER systems In 1990 s has an example PESTO has an example Data. Web MARIAN MIX BBQ Scent. Trails Sense. Maker ODL
Exploring Services Formalization n Within the 5 S Framework n Generalize DL exploring services such as browsing, searching, clustering, and visualization. n Prove theorems and lemmas based on the generalization searching browsing
Exploring Services Formalization (Cont. ) n Exploration Space (Espa) is a Space n Espa=(Q, Contents, OP_Set) Q is a set of conceptual representations for user information needs Contents: associated with collection C OP_Set is a set of operations on Q and Contents • {OPviz, OPclu, OPs, OPb} OP_Set
Exploring Services Formalization (Cont. ) n Sample OP_Set: {OPviz , OPclu, OPs, OPb} OPviz: maps a set of digital objects to a visual mark OPclu: gets similarity of a pair of subsets of collection and their associated contents OPs: associates a query with a digital object and its contents OPb: associates a traverse link with contents of the target node (i. e. , follows a hypertext link)
Exploring Services Formalization (Cont. ) n An Exploring Service (Eser) is a set of scenarios over an exploration space (Espa). n Eser=(sc 1, sc 2, …, sci, …, scn), where sci is a sequence of events each event is associated with one or more of the operations in Espa
Exploring Services Formalization (Cont. ) State Diagram … ei OP_Set Searching: Ops Browsing: Opb Clustering: Opclu Visualization: Opviz … …
Theorems & Lemmas related to Operations Theorems and Lemmas Searching Ops Theorem 1 Browsing Opb Clustering Opclu Visualization Opviz Theorem 2 Theorem 3 (Ops followed by Opclu ) Theorem 4 (Ops followed by Opviz) Lemma 1 Lemma 2 Lemma 3 (Opb followed by Ops) Lemma 4 (Ops followed by Opb)
Outline Ø Ø Ø Introduction Related work Exploring service formalization Exploring services in ETANA-DL Conclusions
Theory-based approach to describing DL Exploring Services — guides us to design and implement exploring services for ETANA-DL • • Multi-dimensional browsing Searching and browsing integration Visualization Usability evaluation
Exploring Service in ETANA-DL —Multi-dimensional Browsing Tomb # 056 in Area A of Bab edh-Dhra
Tomb #056 in Area A of Bab edh-Dhra, Time Period: EARLY BRONZE III View Records
Exploring Service in ETANA-DL —Multi-dimensional Browsing browsing service searching service navigation path query
Tomb #056 in Area A of Bab edh-Dhra, Time Period: EARLY BRONZE III Save navigation path Go to saved navigation paths
View Records
Searching and Browsing Integration Search Saucer Records within the Context
12 saucer records in tomb #056 in area A of Bab edh-Dhra'
retrieve 88 equus records through basic search organize searching results
Organize searching results into 3 dimensions
View Records
Etana. Viz: Initial Interface Query: bone records from Nimrin
Etana. Viz: Bone records from Nimrin
Etana. Viz: Total Number of Animal Bones across Nimrin Culture Phrases
Etana. Viz: Percentages of Animal Bones across Nimrin Culture Phrases
Impression about ETANA-DL services Browse Search Etana. Viz 4. 0 Save navigation path (SNP) 4. 5 Search within browsing context (SWBC) 4. 5
Average time on tasks without outlier
Outline Ø Ø Ø Introduction Related work Exploring service formalization Exploring services in ETANA-DL Conclusions
Conclusions Ø Approach DL exploring services based on a DL theory. Ø Develop theorems indicating browsing and searching can be converted and switched to each other under certain conditions. Ø Provide a systematic and functional method to design and implement DL exploring services in an integrated archaeological DL, ETANA-DL, which was used as a case study. Ø Made contributions to aid both users and developers of DLs.
Questions? Comments?
5 Ss Ss Examples Objectives Streams Text; video; audio; image Describes properties of the DL content such as encoding and language for textual material or particular forms of multimedia data Structures Collection; catalog; hypertext; document; metadata Specifies organizational aspects of the DL content Spaces Measure; measurable, topological, vector, probabilistic Defines logical and presentational views of several DL components Scenarios Searching, browsing, recommending Details the behavior of DL services Societies Service managers, learners, teachers, etc. Defines managers, responsible for running DL services; actors, that use those services; and relationships among them
Theorem 1: Searching service State Diagram … ei OP_Set Searching: Ops queryi … searching results for queryi
Theorem 2: Browsing service State Diagram … OP_Set Browsing: Opb ei … Contents of the target node
Theorem 3: Post retrieval clustering service State Diagram Searching: Ops … ei … OP_Set Clustering: Opclu queryi 3 clusters of searching results 1 2 searching results for queryi
Lemma 1: Searching Qsearch Browsing Л query 0 query 1 … Results … πi queryi … …
Lemma 2: Searching Qsearch Browsing Л results … res s 1( que ts) sul (re ry i = OP -1 … OP b query 1 πi = ults ) query 0 πi queryi … queryi = πi …
Lemma 3: switch from browsing to searching special case: query refinement/expansion Contentspost. Browse Л Qpost. Browse query 0 browsing results associated with navigation path 1 πi query 1 2 … πi … 3 4 … queryi 5 … queryi+1
Lemma 4: switch from searching to browsing State Diagram OP_Set 1 … 3 Clustering: Opclu … ei Searching: Ops searching results for query 2 4 queryi π0 π2 v 0 πi v 1 Contents of cluster 1 v 2 Contents of cluster 2 … 5 … vi Contents of clusteri … …
Theorem 4: Post retrieval visualization service State Diagram Searching: Ops … ei OP_Set Visualization: Opviz queryi 3 Visual marks in a … spatial substrate 1 2 searching results for queryi
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