Expanding Market Opportunities Through Trade Policy Office of

Expanding Market Opportunities Through Trade Policy: Office of the U. S. Trade Representative Sushan Demirjian Deputy Assistant U. S. Trade Representative for Market Access and Industrial Competitiveness September 28, 2012

Office of the U. S. Trade Representative • Develop and coordinate President’s international trade policy • Lead trade negotiations with other countries to open foreign markets and reduce trade barriers overseas • Implement and enforce U. S. trade agreements, including through dispute settlement • Through an interagency structure, coordinate trade policy, resolve disagreements, and frame issues for presidential decision • Organized by regional and functional offices

Trade Policy: International Economic Cooperation • Important element of overall U. S. foreign policy: – strengthening trade and commercial relationships • Benefits for trading partners and for U. S. business: – increased market access for goods and services – increased investment and investment protection – transparency and rule-of-law • Develop opportunities to cooperate in other international forums and on other international economic issues

Trade Policy Venues • Multilateral – World Trade Organization (WTO) – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) – G-8 and G-20 • Regional – – North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Central America-Dominican Republic FTA (CAFTA-DR) Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) • Bilateral – – – – Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) Trade and Investment Framework Agreements (TIFAs) U. S. -China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) U. S. -EU Transatlantic Economic Council (TEC) U. S. -India Trade Policy Forum U. S. -Brazil CEO Forum

World Trade Organization (WTO) • 154 Members, including most major economies (Russia is newest Member) • Formed in 1995 from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) • WTO agreements and rules are based on the principles of nondiscrimination: Most Favored Nation (MFN) and national treatment • The Uruguay Round Agreements – cover issues such as goods, services, investment, intellectual property, technical barriers to trade (TBT), sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS), import licensing, government procurement • Dispute Settlement Understanding and Dispute Settlement Body • Additional agreements on information technology, civil aviation, etc. • WTO structure includes numerous committees that meet regularly to review the implementation of the agreements

Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) • • • Australia Bahrain Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Honduras • • • Israel Korea Jordan Mexico Morocco Nicaragua Oman Peru Singapore Pending : Panama Negotiating: Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) with Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Peru and Vietnam (Canada and Mexico to join soon) FTA Tariff Tool: http: //export. gov/FTATariff. Tool

Key Elements of U. S. FTAs • market access and tariffs on industrial goods, agricultural products, and textiles • rules of origin and customs administration • cross-border trade in services • investment and financial services • competition • intellectual property rights • labor and environment • telecommunications and e-commerce • government procurement • technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) • transparency and anti-corruption • dispute settlement

Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) • Protect U. S. investment abroad and foreign investment in the United States • Ensure that the host country treats investors from the BIT partner as favorably as its own investors or those from any other country • The United States currently has 40 BITs in force: http: //tcc. export. gov/Trade_Agreements/Bilateral_Investment_Treati es/index. asp

Trade and Investment Framework Agreements (TIFAs) • Provide strategic frameworks and principles for dialogue on trade and investment issues • Forum to meet and discuss issues of mutual interest with the objective of improving cooperation and enhancing opportunities for trade and investment • Topics for consultation and possible further cooperation may include market access issues, labor, the environment, protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights • Monitor bilateral trade and investment relations • The Unites States currently has 45 TIFAs in force: http: //www. ustr. gov/trade-agreements/trade-investment-framework -agreements

Thank you Sushan Demirjian Deputy Assistant U. S. Trade Representative for Market Access and Industrial Competitiveness Office of the U. S. Trade Representative 202 -395 -5656 sdemirjian@ustr. eop. gov