Executive Branch Inaugural Speeches I The

Executive Branch

Inaugural Speeches

I. The Presidency A. Described in Article II 1. Carries out the laws 2. Enforces the laws

I. The Presidency B. Firsts 1. George Washington first president 1789 2. 44 presidents (Barack Obama #44) 3. Most powerful elected official

II. Qualifications A. Presidential musts 1. Native-born citizen 2. At least 35 years of age 3. Resident of the U. S. for at least 14 years

B. Unwritten Rules 1. Men (1984 Ferraro (D), 2008 Palin (R) nominee for VP ) 2. White (Obama 1 st African-American) 3. Christian (John Kennedy first Catholic 1960) 4. Attended College 5. Many were lawyers 6. Held other offices

C. Presidential Elections 1. 2. Every 4 years Elected by the Electoral College a. Each state appoints Electors b. Number of points for each state is equal to the number of representatives in the House and Senate.

D. Electoral College System 1. Winner takes all point system 2. 538 Electors (Majority 270) 3. If NO candidate reaches 270 the House of Reps will vote: a. Each delegation (state) gets 1 vote b. Elections of 1800 & 1824 were decided this way. c. Popular elections usually decide the winner. d. Electoral College votes in Dec.

Electoral College Map

III. Term of Office A. Election 1. Four year term 2. May be reelected for second term B. Tradition 1. George Washington refused a third term. 2. Franklin Roosevelt won 4 terms (1933 -1945) 3. 22 nd Amendment = two term limit

22 nd Amendment a. President elected to two terms b. A maximum of 10 years first as VP taking over for president who left office.

IV. Salary and Benefits A. Pay 1. Congress establishes presidential pay 2. $400, 000 expenses B. Benefits 1. Live at the White House 2. Vacation home at Camp David 3. Fleet of cars, helicopters, and planes (including Air Force One).

V. Vice President A. Same requirements as the president. B. Reasons the vice-president takes over 1. President dies in office 2. Resigns 3. Removed from office (Impeachment) C. Other Duties 1. Main job is to preside over the Senate (101 st vote) 2. First VP John Adams

D. Vice Presidents who became president (occurred 9 times) 1. Harrison died in office – John Tyler took over 1841 2. Taylor died in office – Fillmore took over 1850

3. Lincoln assassinated – A. Johnson took over 1865

"Our country owed all her troubles to him, and God simply made me the instrument of his punishment" THE LIFE AND PLOT OF JOHN WILKES BOOTH

• WHY DID BOOTH WANT WILLIAM SEWARD ASSASSINATED? If Andrew Johnson had also been assassinated as Booth planned, Senate President Pro Tempore Lafayette S. Foster of Connecticut would have become Acting President pending an election of a new President (the process of electing a new President could only be set in motion by the Secretary of State; thus Booth felt Seward's assassination would throw the Union government into "electoral chaos"). .

A Presidential Succession law passed on March 1, 1792, was still in effect in 1865. It provided that the President Pro Tempore of the Senate was third in line to the Presidency and the Speaker of the House was fourth. This law didn't make any succession provisions beyond the Speaker. For much more information on this theory please see the article entitled “Why Seward? " by Michael Maione and James O. Hall in the Spring, 1998, edition of the Lincoln Herald

Presidential Succession 4. Garfield assassinated – Chester Arthur took over 1881 5. Mc. Kinley assassinated – T Roosevelt took over 1901 6. Harding died in office – Calvin Coolidge took over 1920

7. F. Roosevelt died in office – Truman took over 1940

Kennedy & Germany • Support for Germans inside Berlin • Russians blockade city of Berlin • West Berlin is part of free W. Germany. • Another event from the Cold War

8. Kennedy assassinated – L. Johnson took over 1963

Dealey Plaza

Conspiracy? ?

Watergate Scandal 9. Nixon resigned – Ford took over 1973

Nixon – Crook Speech

VI. Presidential Succession A. Transition 1. 8 presidents died 2. 1 resigned (Nixon) B. Who’s Third ? 1. Speaker of the House 2. President pro tempore of the Senate 3. Cabinet members are the next in order of the Cabinet when they were created

Presidential Succession. 1 Vice President of the United States 2. Speaker of the House 3. President pro Tempore of the Senate 4. Secretary of State 5. Secretary of the Treasury 6. Secretary of Defense 7. Attorney General 8. Secretary of the Interior 9. Secretary of Agriculture 10. Secretary of Commerce 11. Secretary of Labor 12. Secretary of Health & Human Services 13. Secretary of Housing & Urban Development 14. Secretary of Transportation 15. Secretary of Energy 16. Secretary of Education 17. Secretary of Veterans' Affairs 18. Secretary of Homeland Security

C. 25 th Amendment 1. Passed in 1967 2. President can choose new VP 3. House & Senate must approve choice 4. VP & Cabinet can determine if the president is unfit to lead. 5. 3 Occurrences of the 25 th Amendment a. b. c. 1973 Agnew resigned replaced by Ford 1974 Nixon resigns replaced by Ford, Rockefeller replaces Ford. 1985 Assassination attempt on Reagan, while in surgery G. H. W. Bush assumed presidency until Reagan recovered.

Quiz 7. 1 Review • • Article II Qualifications Presidential Amendments Benefits Succession Presidential History General Notes on Presidents

7. 2 The President’s Job I. Constitutional powers A. Duties of the President 1. Main Job – Execute & carry out the laws passed by Congress. 2. Other Powers a. Veto b. Call Congress into special session c. Commander-in. Chief d. Entertain foreign leaders.

2. Other Powers (cont) e. Make treaties (Senate approval) f. Appoints heads of agencies (FBI) g. Pardoning Power 3. State of the Union Address

B. Roles of the President 1. Chief Executive a. Executive Order 1) Harry Truman (1948) racially integrated the army 2) Power of Appointment a) Choose Sup Ct Justices b) Pardoning Power - pardon = forgive - reprieve = delay - amnesty = pardon a group

Roles of the President 2. Chief Diplomat 3. Commander-in-Chief a. Controls 5 branches of the military b. Declare War = Congress (War of 1812, Mex War, Span. Am War, WWII). c. Pres. Have sent troops into action 150+ times (Viet Nam) d. 1973 War Powers Act 1) 48 Hour notice by pres 2) 60 Day window for Congress

Declaring War - Congress can only declare war - President may send troops anywhere there is danger - Congress passed War Powers Act 1973 a. Limit presidential military powers b. Recall troops 60 days after president sent them c. 60 days can be extended to 90 to ensure safe removal of troops

Commander-in-Chief A. Head of the Armed Forces 1. All military leaders get their orders from the president 2. President does not lead forces into battle 3. Stays in contact with military leaders 4. Final word on planning how a war is to be fought

II. Commander and Chief

Roles (cont) 4. Legislative Leader a. Obama stimulus package 5. Head of State a. Symbolic leader b. Medals, X-mas tree lighting 6. Economic leader – plans budget 7. Party leader – helps in elections

7. 3 Making Foreign Policy A. The President & foreign policy 1. National Security – keep our country safe. 2. International Trade 3. World Peace 4. Promote Democracy

Foreign Policy (cont) B. Bureaucracy 1. Departments carry out the president’s programs. (State, Defense, CIA, NSA) C. Congress V President 1. Battle over foreign policy 2. Power shifts back & forth. a. Viet Nam – Johnson b. Congress – 1973 War Powers Act c. War on Terror - Bush

D. Tools of Foreign Policy 1. Appoint ambassadors (relations) 2. Foreign Aid (Food, $, medicine) 3. International Trade 4. Military Force

7. 4 Presidential Advisors I. Executive Agencies A. National Security Council 1. Military & Foreign policy 2. Military Leaders 3. State & Defense Departments 4. CIA

II. Cabinet Dept of Interior 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. State Dept (For Policy) Treasury (Finance) Defense (Military) Justice (Law Enforcement) Interior (Public lands) Agriculture (farm products) Commerce (Trade) Labor (Work issues) Health & Human Services (Healthcare)

10. Housing & Urban Development (cities) 11. Transportation 12. Energy (Energy plans) 13. Education (Schools) 14. Veteran’s Affairs 15. Homeland Security (Defense of terrorism) Cabinet

American Presidents 1929 -1963

2. Local Level (a. ) Mayor or county executive has the power

US Presidential Elections