Example EPA s Terms of Environment Top down

Example: EPA’s “Terms of Environment”

Top down vs. bottom up

Blocks world

Importance of ontologies in communication

A conceptual schema specifies the intended meaning of concepts used in a data base 139 74. 50 140 77. 60 … … Table: price *stock. No: integer; cost: float

Implicit vs. Explicit Ontologies

Simple examples tropical temperate

DB Schema UMLS Wordnet OO RDFS DAML CYC OWL IEEE SUO

Big Ontologies

UMBC’s Onto. Sem is a large ontology and KR system for language understanding tasks Browse online at http: //ilit. umbc. edu/ Intended to represent meaning of NL text and guide its computation

Word. Net

IEEE Standard Upper Ontology

Ontologies: Things to Read

Ontology Conclusions

Origins of the Semantic Web

W 3 C’s Semantic Web Goals

OK, so HTML is not helpful

XML to the rescue?

XML Schema helps XML Schemas provide a simple mechanism to define shared vocabularies.

But there are many schemas

An Ontology level is needed

DB Schema UMLS Wordnet OO RDFS DAML OWL CYC IEEE SUO

RDF is the first SW language

dc: Title dc: Creator bib: Aff bib: name bib: email

RDF Schema (RDFS)

RDFS introduces the following terms and gives each a meaning w. r. t. the rdf data model

RDFS Classes

Properties in RDFS

RDFS supports simple inferences

N 3 in One Page

DAML+OIL = RDF + KR

W 3 C’s Web Ontology Language (OWL)

OWL Lite Features

OWL in One Slide

Validators for RDF and OWL

Stanford Protégé KB editor

Two kinds of systems

(1) ITTALKS

ITTALKS Architecture Map. Blast, Cite. Seer, Google, … Apache Tomcat DB RDBMS DAML reasoning engine

Semantic Web and Information retrieval

Solving the symbol grounding problem

How do we get there from here?

So, we should …

Demonstration

Tim Finin is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC). He has over 30 years of experience in the applications of Artificial Intelligence to problems in information systems, intelligent interfaces and robotics. He holds degrees from MIT and the University of Illinois. Prior to joining the UMBC, he held positions at Unisys, the University of Pennsylvania, and the MIT AI Laboratory. Finin is the author of over 200 refereed publications and has received research grants and contracts from a variety of sources. He has been the past program chair or general chair of several major conferences, is a former AAAI councilor and is AAAI's representative on the board of directors of the Computing Research Association.