Evolution to the cloud- the role in NASA s

Evolution to the cloud- the role in NASA’s network Chris Janson Ciena August 15, 2011

Agenda IT trends and definition of ‘the cloud’ What ‘the cloud’ brings to NASA Network evolution to the cloud

Cloud Computing represents the next stage of evolution in the convergence of communications networking Cloud computing will help government … Quickly adopt modern applications that improve mission effectiveness Assure uniformity of information access Improve agency efficiency and cost effectiveness

Agency/enterprise networking requirements Data center consolidation • 51% say critical/high priority Business Continuity/ Disaster Recovery • 46% say critical /high priority • 77% have 3 or more data centers Storage & bandwidth growth • 50% have more than 1 Pbyte storage in primary data center Scalability • 50% have over 5 Gbps data center network WAN • 68% think they will need to upgrade WAN within 18 months Workload balancing • 39% anticipate using live migration with server virtualization Cloud services • Infrastructure as a service (Iaa. S) services cloud interest Source: Enterprise surveys, The Future of Data Center Wide-Area Networking, Forrester Research 5/10

What is ‘the cloud’? The Consumerization of Information Technology through internet-like consumption & delivery models Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a X as a Service shared pool of configurable computing resources (e. g. , networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction A style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT-enabled capabilities are delivered as a service to external customers using Internet technologies. improved economics through sharing An emerging IT delivery model —cloud networking computing—can significantly reduce IT costs & complexities while improving workload storage server optimization and service delivery. Cloud computing is massively scalable, provides a superior user experience, and is characterized by new, internet-driven economics. Prefer to call it x as a Service, where x is a consumable service resource that customers can buy in an on-demand fashion over the network. Cloud Services enable customers to procure infrastructure services where and when they need them and pay for them on a consumption based model

A cloud networking enables you to… Lay a dynamic and scalable foundation to accelerate enterprise transition to cloud-based, carrier-class services Create a seamless extension of enterprise IT assets within the Cloud Service Provider’s infrastructure Manage network investment risks through network simplification, automation and convergence technologies

The breaking point Escalating costs, complexity and inflexibility of 75% application-specific 10% IT infrastructure wastes precious budget dollars P&C as % of initial CAPEX 70¢ per $1 Spend on IT Maintenance & Operations 85% Amount of idle computing capacity in typical data center 1. 4 x Growth of IT professionals in the next 10 years 80% 44 x Amount of idle capacity in a storage system Growth of information in the digital universe in the next 10 years

Arguments for cloud in the agency Internet Application Providers Process Consultants Internet Content Providers Administrator Solution Integrators Independent SW Vendors Strategic Value CFO Economic Value IT/IS Operational Value Telecom Service Providers Mission Directorates Technology Value CIO Infrastructure Service Providers IT Outsourcing Services ICT Technology Vendors How to NOT own a Data Center How to build a Next Gen Data Center Accessing advanced networking & IT services from trusted partners who own and operate cloud infrastructures Building your own hyper-efficient data center based on the latest power, cooling & cloud technologies Business & Operations Model Architecture Model

Evolution from private to external cloud Data center networking expands to link to cloud resources – private, external, hybrid Private Cloud External Clouds Data Center A Data Center B Cloud Computing Virtual machine and storage mobility Cloud Storage Data Center C Enterprise IT applications Disaster Recovery Development and testing Workload migration Saa. S = Software as a service (applications) Paa. S = Platform as a service (development) Iaa. S = Infrastructure as a service

Aiming for the clouds - convergence Content Clouds à Dynamic à Flexible à Infrastructure agnostic à On-demand à Pay per use Wholesale Clouds Enterprise Clouds Internet Content Providers Telecom Service Providers Collocation DC as a Service • Real estate, security • Reliable power, cooling • Network provider connectivity à Control à Security à Performance Public & Private Cloud Services IT Solution Providers à Granular IT Service Clouds à Scalability à Manageability Application Services Converging Services, Missions & Providers à Predictability BCDR Services Communication Services Managed Hosting Managed App Services On-demand Services Bare Metal as a Service • Managed servers & storage (dedicated) • Network provider choice • High capacity internet App as a Service • Business applications • Disaster recovery • Business continuity On-demand Xaa. S • Self-service & elasticity • Compute intensive & variable workloads • Vertical market focus

Layers in the cloud Services Software-as-a-Service Users & Business Processes Business Applications (CRM, ERP, UC) Services Saa. S App ISV Web Srvcs Frameworks Information Technology Policy, Control Platforms & Compute Services Platform Msg DB Virtualzn Mobility Network Communications DNS Qo. S • Saa. S delivers provider-owned application capability as a plug-in and go experience with SLAs • Apps or Web Services run on the provider’s infrastructure Platform-as-a-Service • Paa. S delivers application run-time infrastructures as a plug-in and go experience with SLAs Infrastructure-as-a-Service • Iaa. S delivers standardized virtualized computing environments as plug-in and go experience with SLAs Cloud Backbone • Delivers connectivity to global virtualized service resources as a plug-in and go experience with SLAs • Operates at Internet scale, with Ethernet flexibility and optical performance

Segments of the cloud Enterprises Applications (Saa. S) Middleware (Paa. S) IT Infrastructure (Iaa. S) Network Infrastructure Service Providers Virtualized applications CRM, ERP, e-mail, communications, collaboration Applications services with dedicated infrastructure & fixed capacity contracts Saa. S: On-demand automated provisioning of SW applications Integration platforms and tools (Oracle DB, Microsoft Azure) Integration services Managed virtualized platform services Paa. S: On-demand automated provisioning of run-time platforms Dedicated infrastructure services Managed virtualized environment Iaa. S: On-demand automated provisioning of servers & storage Dedicated network capacity & carrier managed services Private line, switched ethernet & IP VPNs Shared network services Fixed capacity, reserved, guaranteed and best effort network services Virtualization platforms Enterprise & DC gear (server, storage, switching) Private network builds SONET, DWDM rings Switched & routed nets Market shifts are driving a new network service delivery paradigm Private Hosted Private Multi-tenant Public Bought by IT departments and consumers Bought by software development teams Bought mainly by IT depts. ; consumers for storage

Virtual machine movement use cases Largest job takes days even with fast networks Amount of … Value of fast network to quickly respond to urgent needs Bulk VM Migration Data + Frequent, Periodic VM Migration + + Unplanned VM Move + Occasional VM Move Small job still needs 40 -100 Mbps network to get done in less than two days Note: assuming 80% of rated speed, no bw degradation Time

Virtual machine migration User access FC Ethernet FC 802. 1 Q x. STP Region boundary FC FC 802. 1 Qay PBB-TE Trunk termination ESOM FC ESOM Network FC FC • • VM migration through Ethernet path L 2 domain and trunk termination avoids spanning tree problems FC

Data center architecture evolution Mainframe Client/Server Cloud Resource Location Glass house Data center(s) Desktop/LAN/Internet Virtual I/O Channel end/ device end FICON command FICON z. HPF TCW chaining Distributed cache Fibre Channel FCP (SCSI) FCo. E/CEE i. SCSI Network Circuit 3 -tier, packet On-demand Capacity To 45 Mbps, 155 Mbps To 1 G, 10 G, 40 G, 100 G Data movement Terminal screen Printer, etc. Host file transfer Tape, DASD Server to PC PC to internet Server file transfer Storage replication Virtual Machine (VM) Server to server VM load balancing Storage replication

Data center utilization evolution Evolution to the Cloud Storage Servers Islands Pools Dynamic On-Demand Direct attached storage, dedicated capacity Network attached (SAN, NAS, i. SCSI), virtual LUNs Multi-platform virtualized capacity, thin provisioning Cloud storage for on-demand capacity Multiple individual servers, inflexible, under utilized, costly Permanent allocations of virtual servers, some idle, no peak load capacity Transient allocation of virtual servers, more flexible and higher utilization, some VM idle Cloud-based compute ondemand, highly automated, user defined and funded compute time Isolated circuits, costly, low bandwidth Port grooming to high capacity bandwidth, Qo. S, virtualized WAN Long distance VM and storage replication improves mobility Bandwidth ondemand expands for peak or one time use Network

Building the cloud: Virtualized Optical WAN Enterprise Data Center – New York Enterprise Data Center – San Francisco Private Cloud Virtualized Optical WAN Enterprise Data Center – Newark v. Center Server Key attributes: • v. Center Plug-in • Long distance VM • Elastic bandwidth Public Cloud Data Center – Miami Cloud Data Center – Dallas

Deployment models Public Cloud Infra Service Engines Virtual servers Virtual storage Saa. S Engines Microsoft BPOS Google Apps Salesforce. com #3 #3 #1 #3 #2 Internal BO/HO Enterprise VPN C - Virtual Private DC External Saa. S Access Virtualized Apps SAP cluster Hosted UC Virtual Desktop Extending Private Resources Leasing Public Resources (e. g. Amazon EC 2) Enterprise Data Centers Enterprise #1 Traditional IT & Public Cloud BO/HO Enterprise VPN C V P N Private Cloud Enterprise #2 Private Cloud V P N Hybrid Cloud Virtual Private Cloud BO/HO Cloud Aware Network Enterprise #3 Virtual Private Cloud

Summary à ‘The cloud’ can mean different thingsØ Ø à à Natural means to improve operations and efficiency Ø à Shared computing resource among users with similar needs Services, platforms, infrastructure, networks Agency can utilize cloud applications to consolidate data centers while improving data integrity and reducing cost Data center networks continue to evolve towards embracing cloud topologies Agency could decide to partition what’s owned and what’s bought based on application needs

Thank you

You’re not alone in the public cloud…… Public IT Cloud Services Spend – IDC June 2010* Expected to exceed $55 B by 2014 (excludes private cloud spending) Iaa. S Growth rate of 27% per year Paa. S Iaa. S is the fastest growing segment at 34% per year Emerging Enterprise. Class services for F 1000 CIO * Source: http: //blogs. idc. com/ie/? p=922 Saa. S

Consolidation: Data centers and networks Consolidation provides opportunity in increase efficiency to manage growth demands while lowering costs Consolidation • 100 s of data centers to less than 10 • 10 s of thousands of applications to a couple of thousand • 20 s of thousands of physical servers to under 10, 000 virtual servers Growth Data Center Topology Efficiency • Circuit consolidation eliminates discrete networks and excess equipment • Bandwidth consolidation to 10 G provides more flexibility • Private WDM to bypass local loop and provide future scalability • Mission critical applications growing from 100 s to 2 -300 s for replication site-to-site • 10 -20 PB total storage growing ~50% per year • 2 -300 s TB under data replication management with daily replication growth from 10 -15 TB now to 3 -6 PB

Building the cloud: Dynamic Cloud Networking § Layer 1 - 2 architecture provides flatter design architecture to lower costs with more scalable performance § Provides flexible, scalable, dynamic bandwidth for high performance cloud requirements Ciena on-demand bandwidth for Virtual Machine and storage workload balancing, migrations Ciena Carrier Ethernet and WDM for L 1/2 user access User Access Network Metro Network Core Network Enterprise Data Center Cloud Service Provider

Using the cloud for virtualized storage: Virtual Machine Movement Use Cases Bulk VM Migration Frequent, Periodic VM Migration • • Amount of … Data Time Move to new data center for geographic re-location Workload balancing of hot spot to less used capacity Application migration to higher capacity server ~ 500 VMs @10 GB, 20 TB storage = 25 TB • Take advantage of processing power follow sun/moon locations • End of period, peak load level need • Burst capacity need • ~ 100 VMs @ 5 GB, 10 TB storage = 10. 5 TB Unplanned VM Move • Disaster avoidance • Reached server capacity limit, need immediate offload • Immediate new project • ~ 50 VMs @ 5 GB, 1 TB storage = 1. 25 TB Occasional VM Move • Change hardware platform (e. g. Sun to HP) • ~ 10 VMs @ 2 GB, 500 GB storage =. 52 TB © Ciena Confidential and Proprietary 24