EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Session I 09 30

EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Session I 09: 30 - 10: 15 Dr Deepak B Phatak, IIT Bombay Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 1

SESSION OVERVIEW u. Definition of IT – Technology That Permits Us To Capture, Validate, Store, Retrieve, Analyse, Present, Disseminate, And Archieve Information u. Growth Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Of Modern IT Evolution Of IT 2

FIVE DECADES OF COMPUTER EVOLUTION u. The Dark Ages u. The Early Electronic Era u. The Middle Ages u. Proliferation of the IT Culture u. The Current Scenario u. What does the Future hold Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 3

PRE-HISTORIC COMPUTERS u. Mechanical Computers u. Electro-Mechanical Machines u. The Early Electronic Era Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 4

MECHANICAL COMPUTERS u. Wilhelm Schickhard u. Blaise Pascal u. Gottfried Liebniz u. Charles Babbage 1623 1642 1671 – Difference Engine – Analytical Engine 1823 1834 Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 5

Mechanical/Electro-mechanical u. Arithmometre, Charles Thoma 1820 u. Comptometer, D. E. Felt 1885 u. Puched-Card Tabulating Machine – Hervnan Hollerith (Census Data) 1890 – Comparing Tabulating Recording Company 1911 – Renamed IBM 1924. Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 6

Mechanical/Electro-mechanical u. Mechanical Computer Z 1 – by Konrad Zuse 1938 u. Design of General Purpose Computer – Howard Aiken u. Harvard Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay 1937 Mark I Evolution Of IT 1939 - 1944 7

ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS u. Information Transmission at Speed of Light (3, 000 km/s) u. Triode Vacuum Tube – Lee De Forest u. Attempts 1906 by Atanasoft in Late 1930’s Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 8

ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS u. ENIAC built – John W. Mauchly & J. Presper Eckert 30 tons, over 18, 000 Vacuum Tubes u. Calculation of Ballistics tables u 3 ms for one addition u Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 9

• STORED PROGRAM ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS u. John Von Neumann (1903 - 1957) – Consultant to ENIAC Project – Proposed EDVAC u. EDVAC 1945 completed in 1951 Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 10

• STORED PROGRAM ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS u. Manchester MARK I – Williams & Kilburn u. First 1946 stored Program – 21 June 1948 (GC tootill’s diary) – 3. 5 million operations to calculate highest factor of an integer. – 1, 30, 000 numbers tested, 52 Min. Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 11

1945 - 1955 u. Software in Machine Language u. Assembly Languages Evolve u. Work Begins on Higher Level Languages. Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 12

1956 - 1965 u. FORTRAN Invented in 1956 u. COBOL Defined & Released in 1960 u. Algol Developed in Europe u 3 GL Programming Becomes The Backbone of Application Software u. Operating Systems Begin Maturing Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 13

• 1956 - 1965 (Contd. ) u. Hardware “Generations” evolve u. Transistors Deployed in Second Generation Machines u. Early Integrated Circuits Mark Third Generation beginning. Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 14

• 1966 - 1975 u. VLSI, 4 th Generation Hardware u. Birth of the Microprocessor – Intel 1972 u. Main-Frame Centric Computing Becomes Main Stay u. Direct Access Storage Devices. Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 15

• 1966 - 1975 (Contd. ) u. Software Crisis Recognized u. S/W Maintenance Receives Attention u. CODASYL Defines First Data Base Management System Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 16

• 1966 - 1975 u. Codd’s work on RDBMS released – IBM System R u. Early work on UNIX and C Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 17

• 1976 - 1985 u. RDBMS gains Acceptance u. UNIX Replaces proprietary O. S. u. Software Engineering Methodologies – Mature and get adopted – Emergence of Standards Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 18

1976 - 1985 (Contd. ) u. Electronics Goes Sub Micron u. Processor Does One Million Instructions Per Second (MIPS) u. Winchester Technology for Disks u. Semiconductor Memory Used Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 19

1986 - 1995 u. Microsoft emerges as the main PC Software Company u. Client - Server Computing matures u. Object Technologies Gain acceptance u. RDBMS products standardization, SQL-2, Draft SQL 3 Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 20

1986 - 1995 (Contd. ) u. DSS, Data Warehousing Defined u. On Line Analytical Processing – Notions of Data Mining Emerge u. Rapid Growth of Internet u. World Wide Web (WWW) u. Intranets for Corporate Computing Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 21

1986 - 1995 (Contd. ) u. Transaction Processing better understood. u. Evoluation of SMP and MPP architectures u. Digital announces one BIPS processor Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 22

1986 - 1995 (Contd. ) u. Serious work begins on Embedded Systems u. LAN’s and WAN’s Gain Momentum u. Network Computer Emerges Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 23

CURRENT SCENARIO u. Broad spectrum of Resources u. Very Large (24 x 7) OLTP Servers u. Distributed Computing is the Norm u. Embedded Systems are Evolving – Smart Cards – Intelligent Appliances Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 24

CURRENT SCENARIO u. Massive Data Warehouses u. Packaged Software Gains Currency – Make V/s Buy Decision u. Media Independent Data Formats u. Flexible Delivery Mechanisms Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 25

THE EMERGING FUTURE u. Internet Outlets in all Buildings u. Information Bonanza – Anywhere, Anytime, Any form u. Intelligent Appliances Everywhere u. Software Crisis will Deepen u. Change Management ? ? Dr. Phatak, IIT Bombay Evolution Of IT 26