European Union Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
CE标志 CE MARKING • CE Marking is for European Union • EMC Directive • Low Voltage Directive (Safety) • Machinery Directive (Safety) • Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive (R&TTE) • Self-Declaration allowed for many products Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
European Market • Sector covered by EMC Directive 250 b€ • R&TTE equipment: 58 b € /year in the EU in 1998 – Machinery market: >250 b € /year – Telecommunication Services: 200 b € /year in 1999 Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
DEFINITIONS FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS: EMC and PRODUCT SAFETY • EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility – – Emissions: Unwanted radiated and conducted electrical energy Immunity: Undesirable response to external electrical energy • Product Safety – Protection from Electrical, Mechanical, Fire and Chemical Hazards In addition, devices may also have spectrum allocation and control requirements (e. g. , FCC Approvals) Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
TERMS & DEFINITIONS • European Directive – Legal Document adopted by EC Council of Ministers • European Norm (EN) – Common Standard used by all EU countries • Standards are based on existing standards (CISPR, IEC) Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
TERMS & DEFINITIONS • Competent Body – – – Appointed by each member state to review Technical Construction Files and generate Certificates of Conformity Must demonstrate competence in the area of the Directive Approved by member state National Authority • Notified Body – – – Same credentials as competent body, but can test and issue EC-Type Examination Certificates Required for Telecommunications, safety of medical devices “Notified” means that the organization has been “officially announced” to the EC and other states by National Authority Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES Many Types of Products Directive Date Low Voltage (73/23/EEC) Simple Pressure Vessels (87/404/EEC) Toy Safety (88/378/EEC) Construction Products (89/106/EEC) EMC (89/336/EEC) Machinery (89/392/EEC) Personal Protective Equipment (89/686/EEC) Gas Appliances (90/396/EEC) Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (91/263/EEC) Hot Water Boilers (92/42/EEC) Medical Devices (93/42/EEC) Satellite Earth Station Equipment (93/97/EEC) Explosive Atmospheres (94/9/EEC) Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (99/5/EEC) 1/1/97 7/1/92 1/1/97 1/1/96 1/1/95 6/30/95 1/1/96 1/1/97 6/13/98 NONE 6/30/03 04/07/01 Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
EMC DIRECTIVE: REDUCE ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE Radiated Conducted Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
EMC DIRECTIVE • “Electrical Apparatus” Covered • Exceptions: components, large installations and devices that must comply with other Directives that address EMC (e. g. , telecommunications) • Member states adopt ENs • Enforcement – Country-by-Country basis. • Example: UK Requirements: – – – Fines up to £ 5000 Up to 3 months imprisonment for misuse of CE mark Forfeiture of equipment Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
EMC DIRECTIVE FOR ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS • Examples Personal Computers CD Players Copying machines Radio Receivers Fax machines Industrial Equipment Dishwasher/Refrigerator Video Games Office machines Electronic toys TVs Microwave ovens Machinery • Class A Products: OFFICE/FACTORY • Class B Products: HOME Declaration of Conformity required for all products Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
CLASS A and CLASS B • Class A: Office and Industrial Use • Class B: Home Use Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
COMPLIANCE WITH EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES • Product-Specific Standards or use • Generic Standards – Use Generic Requirements if Product-Specific Standards do not exist • Method – – Declaration of Conformity for all products Technical File Preparation Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
Conformity Assessment Two methods of Demonstrating Compliance • Self-Declaration • Technical Construction File Self-Certification – Select standard for the product – Test product – Write Report – Make Declaration of Conformity – Put on CE Marking – Can test in-house or at third party laboratory Simpler, Cheaper, may not be applicable for complex product Retest as standards change Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
Conformity Assessment • Technical Construction File – – Need Competent Body Create a TCF • • • – – Description of Device(s) Test plan Use “Generic Standards” if product-specific standards are not available Test product Competent Body issues certificate Make Declaration of Conformity Affix the CE Marking More expensive, for complex products Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
Common EMC Standards http: //europa. eu. int/comm/enterprise/newapproach/standardization/harmstds/reflist/emc. html Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
Immunity Testing • 1000 -4 Series – – – – IEC 1000 -4 -1: Introduction IEC 1000 -4 -2: Electrostatic Discharge Requirements IEC 1000 -4 -3: Radiated Radio Frequency Immunity IEC 1000 -4 -4: Electrical Fast Transient IEC 1000 -4 -5: Lightning Surge IEC 1000 -4 -6: Conducted Radio Frequency Immunity IEC 1000 -4 -8: Magnetic Field Immunity IEC 1000 -4 -11: Voltage Interruptions (blackout and brownouts) Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE: for SAFE PRODUCTS Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
LVD TEST PROCEDURE • Self-Declaration Test Product Report & Technical File Manufacturer puts CE Mark Manufacturer Labels Products Sell Product Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Most Standards address the same issues Requirements depend on the type of product and where it will be installed • • Labeling and marking Language User Instructions Service Information • Design requirements • Heating • Electrical characteristics • Abnormal operation • Power connection • Construction Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
Common Safety Standards Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
CE Marking • Must be affixed to: • • • Product Packaging Instructions for use, OR Guarantee certificate Can be used with other marks providing they do not reduce the visibility and legibility of the mark Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
Labeling and Marking • Rated voltage or voltage range: 115/230 V~ or 100 -240 V~ or 230 V~ or 400 V 3~ • Rated frequency: 50 -60 Hz or 50/60 Hz • Rated current or power: 10/5 A or 10 -5 A; 200 W or 200 VA NOTE: 230/ 400 V~ are the harmonized voltages for the European Union. Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
Labeling and Marking • Manufacturer’s name or registered trademark. • Model or type number. • Fuse replacement info (if applicable). • IEC symbols wherever possible. • Warnings and Cautions appropriate for the particular equipment. Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
Language • ‘Safety-related’ information to be in appropriate language. • Service Instructions may be in English. • Many times, the entire User Manual must be translated (for specific market) Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
User Instructions • Installation Instructions - information for installation, connection to the AC power, ventilation, etc • All information regarding use, cleaning, maintenance (if necessary) • All safety warnings Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
Service Information • • Fuse and component replacement information. Special instructions to avoid hazards. Schematics, wiring diagrams. Special field installation and/or supply connection information Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
Radio Transmitters and Telecommunication Devices • R&TTE Directive PLUS • License by individual country Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
RTTE Main Features • • Scope covers radio and TTE New Essential Requirements No Specific Standards Easier process based on Manufacturer’s Declaration (increased liability for manufacturer) Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
RTTE Requirements • Safety per LVD requirements (but with no lower voltage limit) • Protection per EMC Directive • Prevention of harm to the network • Radio Equipment shall effectively use spectrum • Apparatus shall: – – – work w/other networks protect privacy support features to prevent fraud support access to emergency services support access by disabled persons Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
RTTE Effects • Benefits – Reduced Testing Fees – Reduced Time-to-Market – Fewer Test Requirements • Detriments – Increased Liability – Decreased protection for EU Manufacturers • Marking – CE Mark (plus NB number for Radio Equipment) Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
EU Standards (a partial list) • • • ETS 300 339: General EMC Standard for Radio Equipment ETS 300 342 -1: November 1994: EMC Standard for GSM (Part 1: Mobiles and Portable) ETS 300 342 -2: November 1994: EMC Standard for GSM (Part 2: Base Stations) ETS 300 329: November 1994: EMC Standard for DECT EN 60215: Safety Requirements for Radio Transmitting Equipment EN 60950/IEC 950: Safety for Information Technology Equipment URL: www. etsi. fr Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
Declaration of Conformity Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
WORLD MARKETS • Europe: EU Directive approach to compliance • Non-EU Europe: May accept CE Marking • Australia: C-Tick Mark for EMC (CISPR emissions now) • Japan: VCCI- Voluntary Control Council for Interference (CISPR emissions only) • South Africa: Emissions requirements only • Mexico: NOM Certification Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
标签示例 EXAMPLE LABEL COMPANY NAME OR MODEL NUMBER COMPANY NAME MODEL: XYZ 123 100 -240 VAC 50/60 Hz 130 -170 VA; 0. 8 -1. 3 A US/CANADA UL and/or CSA EN 60950 LISTED ITE E 123456 LEVEL 3 LR 12345 VOLTAGE FREQUENCY POWER OR CURRENT S N FI D NOM V I MADE IN CHINA FOR INDOOR USE ONLY FUSE REPLACEMENT: T 1. 2 SPECIAL INFORMATION Use, Fuse, Warnings Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 UL & CSA allow manufacturers to use “E” number or “LR” number instead of Manufacturer’s Name mikev@wll. com
Washington Laboratories Capabilities l Testing and Certification Services – Testing s FCC s European Norms s IEC 801/ 1000 • – UL Certificated Agency – TCB affiliate Engineering – Design Engineering for Compliance Requirements s PCB Layout s Enclosure and System Design s Safety to UL, IEC, VDE, CSA, TUV, NRTL requirements l Training – EMC Design for International Compliance – Customized, Modular Seminars Washington Laboratories (301) 417 -0220 www. wll. com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll. com
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