Europe in 1812 The Congress of Vienna

Europe in 1812

The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)

Coin Commemorating the Opening of the Congress of Vienna

Main Objectives e It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: V Reduce France to its old boundaries her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. V Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era. e Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

Key Players at Vienna Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br. ) Tsar Alexander I (Rus. ) The “Host” Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus. ) King Frederick William III (Prus. ) Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr. )

Key Principles Established at Vienna V Balance of Power V Legitimacy V Compensation e Coalition forces would occupy France for 3 -5 years. e France would have to pay an indemnity of 700, 000 francs.

Changes Made at Vienna (1) V France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon. V Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland). V Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories. V A Germanic Confederation of 30+ states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule. V Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy. V The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.

The Germanic Confederation, 1815

Changes Made at Vienna (2) V V V V V Norway and Sweden were joined. The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed. Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom. Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and various other colonies in Africa and Asia. Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa. The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two Sicilies. The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise. The slave trade was condemned (at British urging). Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for many rivers.

Europe After the Congress of Vienna

What was the legacy of the Congress of Vienna?

Compensation Following Congress of Vienna V Russia: VGot 1. Finland 2. Part of Poland V Sweden: VLost Finland, but got Norway V Prussia: VGot 1. Various German territories (some bordering the Rhine River) 2. 40% of Saxony

Compensation Following Congress of Vienna V German Confederation V 39 state with an Austrian emperor as president VConfederation: made up of separate and independent states which have power over the central government V Austrian Empire: VGot 1. Italian Provinces of Lombardy and Venetia 2. Croatia and Dalmatia

Compensation Following Congress of Vienna V Britain: VGot colonial possessions it had occupied during the war: V 1. West Indies from Spain V 2. Malta off the coast of Italy V 3. Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from Dutch V 4. South Africa from Dutch V Holland/Netherlands: VLost Ceylon and South Africa, but got Belgium

Compensation Following Congress of Vienna V Switzerland: VRemained neutral V France VWas not rewarded because they started it all! V 1. Pay 700 million francs V 2. Return art work V 3. Returns to 1789 borders (prior to French Revolution) Note: This is not everything; only a sampling of some of the decisions made at the Congress of Vienna

The Dancing Congress