Ethnographic realia Classification of ethnographic realia Types of

Ethnographic realia Classification of ethnographic realia Types of houses Foods and drinks Dishes connected with the regions and holidays Table manners

Ethnographic realia Are cultural phenomena associated with the mode of life of a definite cultural or ethnic community

- Як твої діти? - Сидять на welfare. Всі меблі з garbage, квартиру share з молодою парою з Києва. А ти як? - Хотіла зуби вставити у dentist, а він medicate не бере. Дивись, кофтинку на sale купила, 70% discount. - Гарна. Ну добре, я до Laundromat побігла.

Welfare Is financial aid for the poor Can include general welfare payments, health care through Medicaid, food stamps, special payments for pregnant women and young mothers, and federal and state housing benefits.

Medicaid Is the US health program for eligible individuals and families with low incomes and resources Is jointly funded by the state and federal government. Serves certain eligible US citizens and resident aliens, including low-income adults and their children

Discount – reduction to a basic price of goods and services Laundromat – a self-service laundry, a facility where clothes are washed and dried (the term used in the USA, Canada and Australia)

Laundromat

Birkin bag Was named after an actress and singer Jane Birkin Is a handmade purse by Hermes Is a symbol of wealth costs from $ 9000 to $ 150, 000 depending on the type of material used Is distributed to Hermes boutiques on unpredictable schedules and in limited quantities Has a waiting list of up to 6 years

Birkin bags

Ethnographic realia in English are divided into – realia of the mode of life (household, furniture, utensils), e. g. types of the houses (dream home, starter home – to change in future); – food and drinks (hot cross bun eaten hot on Good Friday, Irish stew – mutton, onions, potatoes with flour); – clothes (denims, Bermuda shorts, homburg hat);

Starter home with a backyard

Bermuda shorts

Homburg hat

Irish stew

- types of hotels, restaurants, shops (motel, special ); - transport (subway, Pullman car ); – post, telegraph, telephone (collect call ); - currency (pound, a penny, a dime, a half – $ 0. 5), Terms of measurement (mile, ounce, inch) – customs, traditions, holidays (Easter rabbit brings Easter eggs).

Motel

Blue plate special

Pullman car

Types of dwelling in the UK detached houses, semi-detached houses (the most popular one – 27% of dwellings in 2001), terraced houses and flats. Bedsit is a specific UK expression.

A detached house with a piece of land around it

Semidetached houses - two houses are joint together with a common central wall

Terraced (town) houses when several houses are attached to each other in a long row (earlier called townhouses)

Bedsit (short for bed-sitting room) is a single-roomed dwelling which is very compact in design. The way it looks now 1970 -s bedsit

Typically British is a thatched cottage

Framed cottage (Tudor style)

Georgian houses Got popular during the reign of George I Were built between 1720 -1840. Have a front door which is centered and big multi-pane windows are 1 -2 storey box and 2 rooms deep

Mansion Containing a ballroom and tens of bedrooms Is a country home with gardens, parks and drives.

Unity house Is a type of low-cost dwelling built in Great Britain during the 1940 s and 1950 s. These contain walls made of concrete panels between concrete pillars. About 19, 000 of these houses were constructed.

Squatting i. e. living without permission in another person’s property has become popular in Britain since the 1960 s. As a rule squatters are young people who come to London from all over Britain in order to find a job.

American houses French Colonial Developed in Frenchsettled areas Had double pitched hipped roofs with a dormer Was surrounded by porches with French windows Exterior stairs

Spanish Colonial Found in Florida Whitewashed Typically two-storied Including cooling porches

Dutch Colonial Developed around 1630 Has a gambrel roof with curved eaves and overhangs on the front

Dutch Colonial

German Colonial Developed around 1675 Has a frame of timbers filled–in with stone or brick Typically two-storied

Georgian Colonial Reminds of the British predecessor Has square symmetrical shape, a central door, straight lines of windows, a decorative crown above the door and columns to either side of it.

Cape Cod Colonial The original colonial Cape Cod homes were story-and-a-half cottages. During the mid 20 th century, the Cape Cod style home became popular in suburbs throughout the United States. A 20 th-century Cape Cod is square or rectangular with one or one-and-ahalf stories and steeply pitched, gabled roofs.

Cape Cod

20 th century Cape Cod popular in the Northeastern USA

Conch house built in warm climates is a traditional style of houses in the southern United States with Metal roofs Pillars Roof hatches for ventilation Window shutters porches

Creole cottage Unites a series of variations. Was a dominant style from 1790 to 1840 in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi. Has a full front porch, the high gabled roof, a raised basement

I-house Is found mainly in I-states (Indiana, Illinois, Iowa) Has gables to the side Is at least two rooms in length and one room deep Is two full stories in height

Saltbox A style of wooden frame houses widespread during Colonial Times It has a long pitched roof that slopes down to the back, one story in the back and two in the front, the flat front and central chimney.

Shotgun A narrow rectangular house with doors at each end, popular in the Southern USA (1861 -1920) Rooms are lined up one behind the other: a living-room, two bedrooms, a kitchen in the back

Ranch In Colorado In Montana

Bungalow Single or one and a half storeys (the second floor is built into a sloping roof) A wide open gallery Look s spacious Provides privacy

Duplex is either a semidetached house or apartments on two different floors (particularly in urban areas such as New York and San Francisco)

National Cuisine In Britain food is very specific. healthy characteristics vs being tasty: boiled vegetables, no spices but for salt and pepper

things eaten every day marmalade and jam are a part of English breakfast (bacon and eggs, fried tomatoes, ham, porridge, toasts, tea). marmalade is jam made from lemons or oranges only jam is made from any other kind of fruit.

Marmalade

A fried breakfast can be preceded by cereals and milk. A typical English breakfast is opposed to Continental breakfast the latter consisting of a bun and a cup of coffee.

Meat pork with apple sauce lamb with mint sauce roast beef with Yorkshire pudding Mashed potatoes, vegetables and gravy are added to meat at dinner.

jacket potato (boiled in jackets served with cheese)

chip buttie (buttered buns stuffed with fried potatoes)

shepherd’s or cottage pie (baked potatoes with minced meat and onions).

Shepherd pie

Popular desserts are fool berries (a cake with berries or fruit) with custard. The most popular is gooseberry fool. Custard is a milk, egg, cornflower and vanilla sauce eaten hot with a variety of sweet puddings.

Custard-tart-fruit

Traditions: 5 o’clock is a ceremony. In upper classes circles it is a snack, in poorer backgrounds it is a substantial meal of ham, eggs, bread and butter.

An English pub (public house) is traditionally a place of meeting Serves ale (light), bitter (dark), lager (light), porter , stout (strong porter), Irish coffee (a mixture of coffee and whisky, sugar and cream). serves snacks during lunch time

Pub

Ploughman’s lunch - cheese, bread, butter, one or two fresh tomatoes, lettuce, celery, and pickles

The most popular take away food is fish and chips. Chips are finger –sized and less harmful than their foreign analogues, sprinkled with salt and malt (vinegar). Fish is white sea fish (cod or haddock) covered with batter and deep fried until crisp.

Fish and crisps

Places to eat are take away cafes, Indian restaurants “Kebab”, Baked potato stores, Shellfish stores, Doughnut bars

a common American is very fat can’t cook prefers fast and junk food Is a couch potato Buys TV Dinners

TV dinners

Couch potatoes

American breakfast Juice, dry cold cereals (flakes with milk), eggs with bacon, Muffins, toast and grits (gruel made from corn).

Eating habits: Americans don’t eat awfuls have little salt peel apples eat uncooked cauliflower and field mushrooms. drink a lot of water.

Things eaten every day Apple pie Muffins coffee often decaffeinated tuna sandwiches and cold cuts (slices of cold meat) peanut butter sandwiches.

The attitude to alcohol is negative. Young people under 18 can’t buy it. People under 21 can’t visit bars and pubs. You can’t drink alcohol in the street. The barman won’t serve a person who seems drunk.

places to eat fast and junk food can be eaten near the counter Takeouts are bought at the restaurants deli (delicatessen) are ordered by phone cafeteria (with dishes on the tray) coffee shops, pizza plazas, pancake houses, sandwich shops, and family restaurants.

The portions are very big the remnants are taken home in a doggie bag Seafood restaurants are cheap and popular Restaurants proper are Superdeluxe, Deluxe, Expensive, Moderate, Inexpensive.

dishes associated with religious holidays in the UK. plum pudding is the most important traditional Christmas dish made from flour, bread-crumbs, suet, eggs, raisins, currants, candied peel, chopped almonds and walnuts, grated carrot and a good measure of brandy, whisky or ale with no plums at all.

Plum pudding

Hot cross buns are buns with cinnamon and crosses made from icing on their top which are eaten on Good Friday.

Pancakes with lemon cooked on the last day of the Shrovetide

Mince pies - sweet small pies with apples, raisins and spices

Haggis made from mutton or veal liver, heart and lungs dressed with oatmeal flour, suet, onions and pepper and boiled in the paunch is served for dinner on Burn’s night – the birthday of the great Scottish poet Robert Burns

Bashed tatties and neeps also eaten on this day consist of mashed potatoes and turnip. The holiday is observed in Scotland in many regions of England.

Wedding cake

American dishes associated with holidays are a pumpkin pie, roast turkey and cranberry sauce, corn on the cob, blueberry pies eaten at Thanksgiving dinner. At Christmas eggnog (a drink from beaten eggs with sugar, rum or wine) is drunk.

Pumpkin pie

Roast turkey

Cranberry sauce

Corn on the cob

Blueberry pie

Eggnog

Dishes typical of a definite territory in the UK: Hotpot or Lancashire hotpot Clotted cream or Devonshire cream Yorkshire pudding Black pudding

Hotpot stew cooked from mutton, potatoes and onions) is especially popular in the north of Britain

Lancashire hotpot

Clotted cream is a kind of fermented cream which is heated and cooled slowly. Such delicious cream traditionally served with fruit is found in Cornwall and Devonshire.

Clotted cream

Yorkshire pudding is a tricky dish as it has nothing to do with the sweet course at all. Traditionally it is batter made from flour, eggs, spices and salt which is cut into stripes and baked with roasting meat

Black pudding popular in the north of England is far from being pudding. This is blood sausage.

In the USA you can find dishes from any cuisine of the world. Mexican dishes are especially popular along the border line with Mexico.

Burrito hot sandwich when meat or beans are covered with a maize scone called tortilla

Typically American are clam chowder, harsh browns cornbread or corncakes, spare ribs, short cakes, scalloped (stuffed) potatoes popular among the farmers in the Mid-West.

Clam chowder

Harsh browns (potato pancakes)

Cornbread

Shortcakes or dry cakes

Spare ribs

Scalloped potatoes

In the South East soul food: shellfish ambrosia. On the South Western coast jambolaya

Ambrosia layers of fruit sprinkled with coconut juice and great bilberry.

Jambolaya meat, rice, seafood, tomatoes, celery, onions, green pepper, garlic, rosemary, caraway.

Eating habits differ in the USA and Europe. With the exception of the upper class everyone has a fork in the right hand in America substituting a knife for it when necessary. They can drink coffee during the meal.

In the UK the fork is held with the hump pointing upwards The dessert is eaten with a spoon and a fork Spoons are never left in the cups. Soup is eaten with a spoon held sideways, thus liquid has to be sucked out or sipped.

In the UK People never eat between meals. Eating in the street is not allowed either. All letters concerning social affairs are addressed to the wives or wives and husbands together. The letter you send after visiting someone is called B and B letter.