Esther Johnson and Julia Beasy Project report STS

Esther Johnson and Julia Beasy Project report STS 390, “Media, war and peace” Spring session, 2008 Science, Technology & Society University of Wollongong The report has two parts. 1. A response pack for an actual organisation. This is not an official document and does not necessarily represent the views of the organisation. Esther Johnson and Julia Beasy’s jointly produced response pack for the Salvation Army starts on the next slide. It can be accompanied by a sound track, available as a separate file. 2. A dialogue between two students discussing the project. This dialogue is fictional. Pseudonyms were used so that the marker, Brian Martin, would not know the identity of student authors. Esther Johnson and Julia Beasy wrote individual dialogues. These are available as separate files.

Human Trafficking and The Salvation Army

What is Human Trafficking? l Human Trafficking is the transportation of persons by means of threat or use of force for the purpose of exploitation. 1

Human Trafficking is a Modern Form of Slavery This includes: l Sexual servitude l Domestic labour l Sweatshop and agricultural labour 2, 3

A Scary Situation… l The risk of sexual assault is heightened in all forms of trafficking because the victim is vulnerable and isolated whilst the perpetrator is in a position of control. 4

How does it happen? Organisations approach potential victims with offers of employment, modelling contracts and marriages. 5 l These appeal to victims because they promise a better life than to what they are experiencing. 6, 7 l

Who does it affect? The US Department of State estimates: l Approximately 50% of victims are children 8 l 70% to 80% are female 9, 10

Who are most vulnerable? l Women living in poverty l Orphans l Young children 11, 12

Case Study: Layla l l l At the age of 11, Layla was smuggled out of Africa into the United States in 1988. 13 She was forced to raise the two children of her captor as well as doing household chores without pay. 13 During this time she was repeatedly raped. 13, 14

Layla’s Story cont’d… l l l Her captor was arrested and pled guilty to rape charge in 1992. 15 The captor’s colleagues raised funds to assist his court case. 15 With no family or friends, Layla had no support and no money was raised for her. 15, 16, 17

History of Legislation l l In 1807 the slave trade was officially abolished in Britain. 18 But it wasn’t until 1948 that the UN explicitly banned slavery, which includes human trafficking, through the Declaration of Human Rights. 18

History of Legislation l l In 2000 the UN adopted the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. 19 This included two protocols regarding trafficking persons and the smuggling of migrants. 20, 21

Legislation In Australia l On 13 October 2003, the Federal Government introduced three particular codes for the Australian Federal Police to investigate and help victims of human trafficking. These codes address: – – – Slavery Sexual Servitude and Deceptive Recruiting Trafficking in Persons and Debt Bondage 22, 23

But Legislation does not solve everything…

Human Trafficking as a Global Issue l l Over 2 million people are trafficked per year. 24 Currently an estimated 27 million people worldwide are in forced labour, debt-bondage and servitude. 25, 26

A Criminal and Money Making Business Human Trafficking is a worldwide criminal business of $10 billion per year. 27, 28 l

Where do the victims go? l Some of the leading countries that are recipients of human trafficking are: – – Italy The United States Germany The Netherlands 29

But Human Trafficking does not just occur in Overseas Countries. It’s happening right here…

Human Trafficking in Australia l It is estimated that up to 100 people are trafficked into Australia each year. 30, 31

Human Trafficking in Australia l In 1995 The Australian Federal Police estimated that there are up to 500 trafficked women in debt bonded prostitution in Sydney at any one time. 32

Victims come to Australia from… l Poor Asian countries l Eastern Europe l India 33, 34

Why individuals are trafficked to Australia l The demand for trafficked women in Australia is fuelled by: – – – A lack of women in Australia prepared to do prostitution ‘Customer' demand for women seen as compliant ‘Customer' demand for women who they can be violent towards 35

So why should you care?

Social Injustice l Social injustice causes harm to powerless individuals because of their negative group identity. 36

Social Justice l l Social justice is the distribution of benefits such as wages, legal rights, housing and medicine. 37 It is the protection of human rights. 37

We Are All Equal l Every human being, irrespective of nationality, is equally entitled to dignity and worth. 38 Human rights ensures that every human being receives this dignity and this worth. 38 Human Trafficking strips individuals from the dignity and worth they are entitled to as human beings. 38

The United Nations l The United Nations believe that it is important to protect human rights by the rule of law in an attempt to bring equality across the race of human beings. 39

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 4: l No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. 40

Human Trafficking Breaks Article 4 l Layla’s experience was one of slavery and servitude underneath her captor. 41

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 5: l No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 42

Human Trafficking Breaks Article 5 l Layla’s experience involved her being repeatedly raped by her captor. 43, 44

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 23. 1 l Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. 45

Human Trafficking Breaks Article 23. 1 l l l Layla was forced to work in conditions she did not consent to at the age of eleven. 46 Layla was forced to work without pay. 46 Women are denied the right to refuse any customers or any sexual act. 47

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 24 l Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. 48

Human Trafficking Breaks Article 24 l Layla was forced to work around the clock and without holidays. 49, 50

Now you understand the problem, I bet you’re wondering what is being done.

What is The Salvation Army doing about human trafficking? l The Samaritan Accommodation victim rehabilitation houses l Stop The Traffik campaigns

The Samaritan Accommodation l The Samaritan Accommodation assists women who have been victims of Human Trafficking, slavery and/ or slavery-like practices. 50

Samaritan Accommodation Services l l Samaritan Accommodation provides apartments and support for women aged 18+ for up to 12 months. 51 The service is staffed 24 hours, 7 days a week to help residents with their needs. 51, 52

Stop The Traffik l l The Salvation Army joined with World Vision to launch an awareness campaign known as Stop The Traffik. 53 Stop The Traffik educates, advocates and fundraises. 53

Education l Educate: Create awareness and understanding of the issue of human trafficking – – Stop The Traffik awareness packs Various events and conferences 54, 55

Advocacy l Advocate: Appeal to the powerful eg. the government and the police. – A petition was signed by over 1. 5 million people and presented to the United Nations to: l l l PREVENT THE SALE OF PEOPLE PROTECT THE VICTIMS PROSECUTE THE TRAFFICKERS 56

Fundraising l Fundraise: Financing anti-trafficking work – Selling of Merchandise T-Shirts l Wristbands l Keyrings 57, 58 l

A Salvation Army rescue case l l l Mary, a 19 -year old female from Mexico was a victim of human trafficking. 59 She was forced to work without pay and repeatedly verbally and sexually abused. 59 The Salvation Army have helped her by providing shelter, counselling, clothing, food and legal advocacy services. 59, 60

Do you remember Layla? l l Layla was alone in America without any financial or moral support. 61 Mary, however, was not alone because she had the support of The Salvation Army for her recovery. 62

The Salvation Army l The Salvation Army are proactive in providing assistance to victims and working with authorities to prevent further instances of Human Trafficking.

What still needs to be done?

How can you, as a member of the church, help? l l Create awareness Financially Be active Pray

Create Awareness and Be Educated l l Become informed about Human Trafficking Get involved in campaigns Discuss what you learn with others Visit these websites for information: – – Stop Human Traffic http: //www. stophumantraffic. com Stop The Traffik http: //www. stopthetraffik. org

Financial Assistance l Buy merchandise and/or donate to the Stop The Traffik campaign http: //www. stopthetraffik. org/getinvolved/don ate. aspx 63

Be Active l Organise a fundraiser and then donate the money – Send to Stop The Traffik l – Or, send to The Salvation Army Communication and Public Relations Department specifying it for anti-human trafficking purposes l http: //www. stopthetraffik. org/getinvolved/donate. aspx www. salvos. org. au 64

Be Active l Assist the Australian Federal Police in combating this global problem. Visit: http: //www. afp. gov. au/international/hum an_trafficking. html 65, 66

Pray l l Pray for people who are at risk of being trafficked Pray for sexually trafficked persons Pray for traffickers Pray for people fighting sexual trafficking 67

For Further Information Please Contact The Salvation Army Services l The Samaritan House: – l Stop The Traffik: – l Telephone: 02 9211 579468 Website: http: //www. stopthetraffik. org/ The Salvation Army Communications and Public Relations Department for donations – www. salvos. org. au

References l l l l Africans in America, Inc, Case Study #2 - Continental African female, accessed 1 October 2008, http: //www. aiainc. org/a/p/case 0002. html Australian Federal Police 2008, Stopping Human Trafficking, accessed 15 October 2008, http: //www. afp. gov. au/international/human_trafficking. html, Fergus, Lara 2005, “Trafficking in women for sexual exploitation”, Australian centre for the study of sexual assault, n 5, pp 1 -44. Hodge, David R 2007, “Social justice and people of faith: A transnational perspective”, Social Work, v 52, n 2, pp 139 -148. Hodge, David R 2008 “Sexual Trafficking in the United States: A domestic problem with transnational dimensions”, Social Work, v 53, n 2 pp 143 -154. Humantrafficking. org, accessed 14 October 2008, http: //www. humantrafficking. org Miller, David 1976, Social Justice, Oxford University Press, London.

References cont’d… l l l l Simon, Thomas W 1995, Democracy and Social Injustice: Law, Politics, and Philosophy, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc, London. Stop The Traffik, 2006, accessed 8 October 2008, http: //www. stopthetraffik. org/about/who/ The Salvation Army, Samaritan Accommodation, accessed 22 October 2008, http: //www. antislavery. org. au/pdf/sa_brochure. pdf The Salvation Army, 2007, Stop The Traffik, accessed 1 October 2008, http: //www. salvationarmy. org. au/SALV/STANDARD/PC_61644. html The Salvation Army, Stop Human Trafficking, accessed 8 October, http: //www. stophumantraffic. com United Nations Department of Public Information. http: //www. unhchr. ch/udhr/lang/eng. htm. Accessed October 14 2008. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2008, The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols accessed 14 October 2008, http: //www. unodc. org/unodc/en/treaties/CTOC/index. html

References for Images l l l l http: //www. advance. org/en/cev/502 http: //www. australiaadventures. com/australia_map. htm http: //www. csu. edu. au/about/maps/nswmap. html http: //emptyfield. com/blog/2007/11/human-trafficking-imagesof. html http: //exquwchs. googlepages. com/fundraisers http: //heavenawaits. files. wordpress. com/2008/05/prayer 1. jpg http: //www. hrea. org/erc/Library/First_Steps/index_eng. html http: //www. istockphoto. com/file_closeup/object/3764960_austra lian_money. php? id=3764960

References for Images cont’d… l l l l l http: //jurmo. us/2007/02/20/education-2 dot 0/ http: //osocio. org/message/top_jobs_abroad/ www. sflifeandjustice. org/human%20 trafficking. html http: //solair. eunet. yu/~pokret/movement. html http: //www. tradethemovie. com/images/trade_23. jpg http: //traffickingproject. blogspot. com/2007/11/scotland-provides -support-to. html http: //www. un. org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/drip. html http: //www. workingholidaycentre. com/working_holiday_centre_t ax_refunds. html http: //www. worldmapsonline. com/classroommaps/starter_maps. htm