Essential Question Champion of the Common Man OR

Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? OR “King” Andrew?

Voting Requirements in the Early 19 c

Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

Why Increased Democratization? 3 White male suffrage increased 3 Party nominating committees. 3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. 3 Spoils system. 3 Rise of Third Parties. 3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc. ) 3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: § Dem-Reps Natl. Reps. (1828) Whigs (1832) Republicans (1854) § Democrats (1828)

Jackson’s First Hermitage Residence • Born on the border of North and South Carolina in 1767 • Raised by a single mother in poverty

First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

General Jackson During the Seminole Wars • Wars fought between the United States and the Seminole native Americans from 18171818, again from 1835 -1858, and finally from 1855 -1858 • Jackson led the American troops into Florida to search for runaway slaves and the Native Americans that were helping them • These wars ultimately led to the addition of Florida to the United States

The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] William H. Crawford [GA] John C. Calhoun [SC]

Results of the 1824 Election A “Corrupt Bargain? ” • The election of 1824 was viewed as a corrupt bargain because many believed that John Q. Adams paid the House of Representatives to elect him

Rachel Jackson • Did grieving for his wife distract Andrew Jackson from running a successful campaign? Final Divorce Decree

Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

1828 Election Results

The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

The New “Jackson Coalition” 3 3 The Planter Elite in the South People on the Frontier State Politicians – spoils system Immigrants in the cities.

Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” 3 Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment, ” monopolies, & special privilege. 3 His heart & soul was with the “plain folk. ” 3 Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

The Reign of “King Mob” • Jackson was the first president to be of common birth, and actually invited the general public to his inauguration

Andrew Jackson as President

The “Peggy Eaton Affair” • Members of Jackson’s cabinet became so intrigued and distracted by the Peggy Eaton affair, that they could barely do their jobs • Ultimately led to the resignation of John C. Calhoun

The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC]

1830 Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

• Nullification crisis – Jackson favored states rights, but not if it lead to disunion • Webster-Hayne Debates • Force Bill – gave Pres. Authority to use military action in SC to enforce collection of tariffs – lowered tariff – no force necessary – for now… • Jackson did side with South on slavery

1832 Tariff Conflict 3 1828 --> “Tariff of Abomination” 3 1832 --> new tariff 3 South Carolina’s reaction? 3 3 Jackson’s response? 3 3 Very upset – nullify tariff Threatened to invade South Carolina to make them follow the law Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff? 3 Adopted to reduce tariff rates

Indian Removal 3 Jackson’s Goal? 3 1830 Indian Removal Act - Jackson sympathized with land hungry citizens - Forced resettlement of thousands of Native American 3 Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation” * The courts sided with the Cherokee and voided all of Georgia’s laws dealing with the Cherokee 3 Worcester v. GA (1832) * white people do not need a license to be on Native American lands 3 Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

The Cherokee Nation After 1820

Indian Removal

Trail of Tears (1838 -1839)

Jackson’s Professed “Love” for Native Americans

Jackson’s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830 Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson

Opposition to the 2 nd B. U. S. “Soft” (paper) $ 3 3 state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. supported rapid economic growth & speculation. “Hard” (specie) $ 3 3 3 felt that coin was the only safe currency. didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. suspicious of expansion & speculation.

The “Monster” Is Destroyed! 3 “pet banks”? 3 1832 Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States. 3 1836 the charter expired. 3 1841 the bank went bankrupt!

The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew” ?

1832 Election Results Main Issue?

The Specie Circular (1836) 3 “wildcat banks. ” 3 buy future federal land only with gold or silver. 3 Jackson’s goal?

Results of the Specie Circular $ Banknotes loose their value. $ Land sales plummeted. $ Credit not available. $ Businesses began to fail. $ Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837!

The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K. ]

The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

Andrew Jackson in Retirement

Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death) 1767 - 1845