Essential Question Champion of the Common Man OR

Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? OR “King” Andrew?

An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew”?

The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

Jackson’s First Hermitage Residence

Election of 1824 • 4 way race for President for D-R J. Q. Adams H. Clay – J. Q. Adams, H. Clay, A. Jackson, W. Crawford – All ran as Dem-Rep. • Jackson won the popular vote but… – No one had electoral majority Jackson Crawford

Election of 1824 • House of Reps. deadlocked • Clay makes a deal with JQA to throw the votes to JQA if he chooses Clay to become Sec. of State • JQA makes the deal and he becomes President • Jackson calls the deal a “corrupt bargain”

Results of the 1824 Election A “Corrupt Bargain? ”

Increased Democratization between 1824 -1828 v White male suffrage increased v No more land requirement to vote v Party nominating committees. v Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. v Rise of Third Parties. v Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc. ) v Two-party system returned in the 1828 election: § National Republicans § Jacksonian-Democrats (1828)

Election of 1828 • JQA ran for Republicans • Jackson ran for Democrats • Jackson wins in a huge landslide

1828 Election Results

The New “Jackson Coalition” • The Planter Elite in the South • People on the Frontier • State Politicians – spoils system o Jackson gives government jobs to his friends o Dangerous = May not be qualified

Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” v Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment, ” monopolies, & special privilege. v His heart & soul was with the “plain folk. ” v Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

Indian Removal • Jackson’s Goal? o • 1830 Indian Removal Act o • Move Native Americans off land in order for settlement Native Americans to be moved to Oklahoma Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) o “domestic dependent nation” o Native Americans were “wards” of the federal government

Worcester v. Georgia 1832 • • Worcester sues in order for tribe to remain • Samuel Worcester Georgia trying to move Cherokee off lands Marshall states that only the federal government can move them not the states • Cherokee can remain

• Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it! • Jackson orders the US army to relocate the Native Americans to Oklahoma = Trail of Tears

Indian Removal

South Carolina Nullification Crisis Vice-President John C. Calhoun • Tariff of 1828 – forced South to buy expensive Northern goods – Called “Tariff of Abominations • VP Calhoun said South Carolina can nullify the law – Threatened for South Carolina to secede from the Union

South Carolina Nullification Crisis “Ill hang that treasonous Calhoun” - Andrew Jackson • VP Calhoun resigns in 1832 • SC nullified tariffs of 1828 and 1832 – Jackson is FURIOUS • Jackson passes Force Bill (1833) – Use federal army and navy against SC to enforce laws • Henry Clay (“The Great Compromiser”) proposes a bill to lower the tariff in February of 1933 • Crisis ends

Jackson vs. Bank of the United States • Bank’s charter up for renewal in 1836 • Jackson hated the Bank of U. S. – All federal tax revenues deposited in it – Only elite made money off of it – Called it a “MONSTER”

Jackson vs. Bank of the United States • Jackson refused to renew the charter and vetoed an extension in 1832 • B. U. S. charter expires and five years later it is bankrupt • Federal money put into “pet banks” – State banks

Jackson Killing the “Monster”

The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K. ]

Panic of 1837 Martin Van Buren – 8 TH President (1837 -41) • Pet banks would print tons of paper money – Made it worthless • Jackson said land purchases had to be made only in gold or silver – Called specie • Rush on the banks to trade paper for gold but banks did not have enough + Banks forced to close + Businesses went bankrupt = PANIC OF 1837 • Van Buren blamed for crisis

The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

Legacy of Jackson • Expanded Executive Office Powers • Economic Turmoil • Whig Party Forms (1832) – Federalists Pt. 2 • 1840 Election – Harrison (Whig) defeats Van Buren – Dies in Office – VP John Tyler Takes over • “His Accidency”

SO…….

Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? OR “King” Andrew?

An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew”?

Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death) 1767 - 1845