EPTIP English Course for IT Professionals Teacher s Courseware

EPTIP English Course for IT Professionals Teacher’s Courseware, Level Two for Software Engineers IT职业英语教程二级软件类授课课件 v Unit Nine v Testing Software All Rights Reserved 信息产业部电子教育与考试中心 全国IT职业英语水平考试项目组

Contents v Presentation I v Solutions or workarounds? Listening & speaking Technical conversations v Software test plans v E-mail & technical writing 2 Reading Writing

Objectives This unit will teach you– ü To introduce and conclude a presentation; ü To discuss issues in the testing process; ü To know about solution vs. workaround; ü To read and write software test plans; ü To deal with e-mail attachments appropriately; ü E-mails, software defects and technical writing. 3

9. 1 Presentation l A. Lead-in Listen to the audio and answer these questions: Ø What are the main functions of a presentation? Ø How to organize a presentation? Ø What should you do in each part of a presentation? 4

9. 1 Presentation l Things you should do in a typical presentation: v Introduce yourself and your topic; v State objectives and outline your theme; v Present the substance of your work; v Summarize and draw conclusions; v Questions and answers. 5

9. 1 Presentation l B. Introducing a presentation You should use the introduction to: v Welcome your audience; v Introduce yourself; v Introduce your subject; v Outline the structure of your presentation; v Give instructions about question asking. 6

9. 1 Presentation l C. Concluding a presentation We use the conclusion to: v Sum up main points; v Give recommendations if appropriate; v Suggest future work; v Thank your audience; v Invite questions. 7

9. 1 Presentation l D. Exercises 1. Listen to a presentation and answer the following questions. a) It mainly talked about how to prepare an effective presentation in English. 8

9. 1 Presentation l b) No, because he believed that “if you are well-prepared, if you can organize your information in a way to help your audience understand, so that they know what you will say and why you are saying it, then you can be confident that you will give an effective presentation. ” c) The introduction and conclusion. 2. Look at the following example introduction and identify the function of each part. 9

9. 1 Presentation l Function Greeting the audience. Introducing oneself. Script of an introduction Good morning! I’m John Smith from General Talent Tech. Introducing the subject. This morning I’m going to describe sales forecasts for the Asian software market over the next five years. Stating objectives. Our data show that the market will continue to grow in East Asia, but may level off in South Asia. Outlining the structure. I’ll start by looking at overall figures and then look in turn at the four areas of Asia. Making recommendations. Finally, I’ll make recommendation for our marketing strategy based on these figures. Inviting questions. At the end of the presentation there will be time for any questions you have. 10

9. 1 Presentation l 3. Now listen to the following introduction. Complete the script and identify the structure: a) b) c) d) e) My name is I’m going to talk about In the first part of my presentation After that Finally 11

9. 1 Presentation l 4. Connect the language with the components of a conclusion. One is done for you. My main point was… In the next five years we will… Summing up In the future we plan to… Giving recommendation Thank you for listening. Thanking your audience In the next season we will… In conclusion, I’ve talked about… Inviting questions Thank your for your attention. Future work I therefore recommend… In summary, I’ve explained… Do you have any questions? 12

9. 1 Presentation l 5. Now listen to the following conclusion. the script and identify the structure: Complete a) Summing up main points a) In conclusion b) Giving recommendations b) I’ve also explained why c) Thanking the audience and c) Thank you for listening. inviting questions Do you have any questions 13

9. 2 Solutions or workarounds? A. Bug tracking in the testing process Jacky’s group has developed a new payroll system for their own corporation. They are discussing the bug tracking system for the project. è Language points: è Technical terms: concerning come up with as follows the sooner, the… be enough for test plan testing phase 14

9. 2 Solutions or workarounds? B. Workaround to a tough problem Jacky, Mary and Chris are in a bug review meeting to discuss two bugs in the payroll system issued by Chris’ test team. Jacky is leading the meeting. è Language points: è Technical terms: be responsible for had better trace down end up (doing) What a pain in the neck! bug report workaround 15

9. 2 Solutions or workarounds? C. Fill in the blanks 1. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the given expressions. a) – The fact is, _____ we finish this project, ______ the sooner the more satisfied our clients will be. – But if we don’t take time to specify their exact requirements, we might ____ giving something they don’t want. end up b) – We are asked to design the program to be flexible _____ enough for general use in mathematics. This is highly demanding, and we needed to do a lot more research on its design. – Yeah, we _____ assemble a team of mathematicians and had better make use of their expertise. 16

9. 2 Solutions or workarounds? trace down c) – How can I ______ the cause of this crash? Is there anything on the application manual? – Well, oh, the manual says: this can be done if you proceed as follows ______. d) – My home page started out as just a flat list of files. What a pain in the neck ___________! – Calm down, Jessie. Have you checked the settings ______ the location of the home page file? concerning responsible for e) – Why don’t we let those who are ________ coding the program do the testing by themselves? It’s more economical and may ensure quality. – It’s a good idea but doesn’t ______ our client’s come up with expectations. They require professional test engineers to do the job. 17

9. 2 Solutions or workarounds? 2. Suppose you are in the following situations. What should you say? Sample Answer: a) A partner complains that the newly developed system is unstable and unreliable. You ask for more details. Could you please give us an example? We’d like to know what actually happened. _____________________________ b) You are explaining the workflow of bug tracking: 1) the tester finds a bug, 2) he/she issues a bug report, 3) the developer fixes the bug, 4) the bug status is marked fixed, and 5) the report is archived for future reference. A bug tracking workflow goes as follows: when the testers find a bug, __________________________ they fill out a bug report form and send it to the developers. Then ____________________________________________________ the developers fix the bug, and mark it fixed. The report then goes __________________________ into the archive for future reference. 18

9. 2 Solutions or workarounds? c) Express your opinion on the length of testing: when the testing phase lasts longer, the product quality will be better. I think the longer the testing phase lasts, the better product quality __________________________ will be. __________________________ d) You feel all the developers have been lost in finding a valid solution for a defect in a program. It seems that all the developers are stuck in finding a valid solution __________________________ for a defect in a program. __________________________ e) You approve a workaround proposed by a colleague, but you emphasize it is important to test its strength against the prescribed performance criteria. I agree with your proposal. But first we should do some performance ____________________________________________________ tests, and see if it satisfies the performance criteria specs. 19

9. 2 Solutions or workarounds? D. Work in pairs Imagine you and your partners are in a group discussion. Sit together, and make up conversations according to the following information. Take turns playing the roles and make out different versions. 20

9. 2 Solutions or workarounds? E. Group work 1. Form groups of three to four people, and hold a group discussion according to the given information. Remember to vary your language with your creativity. 2. Form a group with other members of your class. Locate a piece of source code developed by any one of you, and initiate a group discussion about whether it’s viable to do integration tests and system tests on it. 21

9. 3 Software test plans A. An overview Read the overview and answer these questions: Ø What is a Software Test Plan? Ø Why do we need Test Plan? Ø Who should execute the Test Plan? 22

9. 3 Software test plans B. A sample software test plan Before you scan the whole document, keep these questions in mind: 1. Why is the new system necessary for General Computers Corporation? 2. What’s the primary purpose of the tests mentioned in this test plan? 3. How many functions are to be tested? 4. What dependencies will the test team need in order to fully conduct the tests? 23

9. 3 Software test plans Words & expressions GLOSSARY corporate adj. 团体的，公司的 payroll n. 薪酬 recovery n. 恢复，复原 mainframe n. 主机，特大型机 suspension n. 暂停 resumption n. 继续，从新开始 approval n. 核定，批准 outgrow vt. 过大而不适于 clerk n. 职员 limitation n. 限制，缺陷 24

9. 3 Software test plans Words & expressions GLOSSARY unauthorized adj. 未经认可的 confidential adj. 机密的 regression n. 回归(测试) emulated adj. 模拟的 vitally adv. 极其地 corruption n. 损坏 occur vi. 发生，出现 ramp-up n. 稳步增加(测试) familiarization 9 n. 熟悉 discourage vt. 不鼓励 25

9. 3 Software test plans Words & expressions GLOSSARY impact n. 影响 indicate vt. 指明，说明 matrix n. 矩阵 coordinate vt. 协调，调整 liaison n. 联络 aggressive adj. 积极上进的 slip n. 失误，误差 subsequent adj. 随后的 crucial adj. 至关重要的 forecast vt. 预测，事先安排 turnover n. 人员更替 attrition n. 人员耗损 26

9. 3 Software test plans C. Post-reading exercises 1. What kinds of risks may the test team encounter throughout the testing phase? There are schedule, technical, management, personnel and requirement risks. 27

9. 3 Software test plans 2. Here is a list of the various tests in the plan. Try to use as few words as possible to give a brief explanation for each test. v System Test: tests the integrated system and verify that it meets the requirements defined in the requirements document. v Performance Test: ensures that the payroll system’s response times meet the user’s expectations and do not exceed the specified performance criteria. v Security Test: determines how secure the new system is. v Automated Test: tests the basic functionality of the payroll system and performs regression testing on areas of the systems that previously had critical/major bugs. 28

9. 3 Software test plans v Stress and Volume Test: subjects the payroll system to mass input conditions and a high volume of data during the peak times. v Recovery Test: forces the system to fail in various ways and verifies the recovery is properly performed. v Documentation Test: ensures that no features are missing, and the contents can be easily understood. v Beta Test: subjects the system to tests that could not be performed in our test environment. v User Acceptance Test: confirms that the system is developed according to the specified user requirements and is ready for operational use. 29

9. 3 Software test plans 3. Please try to describe the responsibilities of the following positions. Project Manager Responsible for project schedules and the overall success of the project. Participates on CCB. Lead Developer Serves as a primary contact/liaison between the development department and the project team. Participates on CCB. Test Lead Ensures the overall success of the test cycles. He/she will coordinate weekly meetings and will communicate the testing status to the project team. Participates on CCB. Testers Responsible for performing the actual system testing. Payroll Department Manager Serves as Liaison between Payroll Department and project team. He/she will help coordinate the Beta and User Acceptance testing efforts. Participates on CCB. Payroll Clerks Will assist in performing the Beta and User Acceptance testing. 30

9. 3 Software test plans 4. Translations a) The corporation has outgrown its current payroll system and is developing a new system that will allow for further growth and provide additional features. 目前的薪酬系统已经不能满足公司的要求，公司正在开发一套 适应未来发展并提供更多功能的系统。 b) Once the employee information is entered into the LAN database, the payroll system will allow the clerk to create a payroll file. 一旦员 信息输入到局域网数据库中，薪酬系统就会允许员 创建薪酬文件。 c) The primary purpose of these tests is to uncover the system’s limitations and measure its full capabilities. 这些测试的主要目的是发现系统的承受极限，度量它的最大负 载能力。 31

9. 3 Software test plans d) Overall, the system tests will test the integrated system and verify that it meets the requirements defined in the requirements document. 总的来说，系统测试测试集成后的系统，并确保它满足需求文 档中定义的需求。 e) Performance test will be conducted to ensure that the payroll system’s response times meet the user’s expectations and do not exceed the specified performance criteria. 进行性能测试保证系统的响应时间满足用户的预期，而且不长 于指定的性能指标。 f) When a bug has been fixed or more information is needed, the developer will change the status of the bug to indicate the current state. 若缺陷已经修复或需要更多的信息，开发人员会修改缺陷的状 态以表明当前情况。 32

9. 3 Software test plans g) If testing is suspended, resumption will only occur when the problem(s) that caused the suspension has been resolved. 如果测试暂停，只在导致暂停的问题解决之后才重新开始测试。 h) Management support is required in order that when the project falls behind, the test schedule does not get squeezed to make up for the delay. 管理支持的作用是保证当项目进度落后时，测试计划不会为弥 补落后的进度而缩水。 33

9. 4 E-mail & technical writing A. Dealing with attachments appropriately Key points: ü Attach a file to your e-mail only when you have to. ü Specify your attachments in your message. ü Protect your recipients from viruses. û Attach unnecessary files to your e-mail. û Forget the attachment when you hit the “Send” button. û Send large attachments. 34

9. 4 E-mail & technical writing B. Exercises about e-mails and software defects Assignments: 1. An e-mail memo to your instructor. 2. An e-mail about a new bug to the test manager. 35

9. 4 E-mail & technical writing C. Guide to technical writing Grammar, punctuation & mechanics: p Be aware of dangling modifiers. p Avoid run-on sentences. p Avoid faulty subject and verb agreement. p Avoid sentence shifts. p Use semicolons with adverbs as conjunctions. p Use colons only after an independent clause. p Use hyphens to avoid ambiguity. p Consider your audience before using abbreviations. p Always avoid abbreviating words out of laziness. 36

9. 4 E-mail & technical writing D. Technical writing exercises 1. Locate an English technical document. Study the document and ask yourself if it conforms to the principles discussed in the guide above. If not, how could you improve its grammar, punctuation, and mechanics? Discuss your conclusion in class or write it in one or two paragraphs. 37

9. 4 E-mail & technical writing 2. The following sentences need to be revised. Make necessary changes and be prepared to give reasons for each. a) Reforming a design specification is beyond our means—we have no time left for that. We can’t reform a design specification because we have no time left for it. Reason: A dangling modifier. b) Jane wonders if Mr. Lee has received her document and will he like it? Jane wonders if Mr. Lee has received her document and liked it? Reason: Word order in a clause. 38

9. 4 E-mail & technical writing c) A programmer should be very skilled at coding, on the other hand, he/she also has to be trained in testing. A programmer should be very skilled at coding, and he/she also has to be trained in testing. Reason: It is not a transitional sentence. d) The product was finally delivered in the A. M. yesterday. The product was finally delivered in the morning yesterday. Reason: Abbreviation should be avoided here. e) Although nearly finished, we left the meeting early because we were worried about our progress. Although the meeting was nearly finished, we left early because we were worried about our progress. Reason: Subject-predicate agreement. 39

9. 4 E-mail & technical writing 3. Organize into groups of four, and gather bug information from online bugzillas. Analyze it and fill in the form on the textbook with a typical bug. 40

Q&A For further information, please visit http: //www. eptip. org. 41