EPA Nanotechnology Research Activities Nora Savage Ph

EPA & Nanotechnology: Research Activities Nora Savage, Ph. D US EPA, Office of Research & Development National Center for Environmental Research Office of Research and Development Technology & Engineering Division

OUTLINE ØEPA Interests in Nano Ø EPA Research Needs Ø EPA Research Activities Ø Researcher Resources Ø Overarching Goals Office of Research and Development

What Is Special About Nanotechnology? v Nanoscale materials can have different properties Enhanced electrical or heat conductivity , v Increased strength, tensile properties , v Different magnetic properties, v Altered light reflection – color changes w/ size Office of Research and Development

EPA Interest Material Source Anthropogenic Natural Engineered Incidental • Carbon-based Particles from: • Combustion • Industrial Processes • Vehicles • Construction NTs, Fullerenes • Metal Oxides • Quantum Dots • Nanotubes • Nanowires • Dendrimers Office of Research and Development Particles from: • Plants, Trees • Oceans, other water bodies • Erosion • Dust

What Is Nanotechnology? EPA mission – to protect human health and the environment? What does “uniqueness mean for this mission? How can nano research move protection of public health and the environment forward ? Office of Research and Development

Benefits: Today & Tomorrow Medicine and Health Drug delivery Information Technology GMR Hard Disk Office of Research and Development Energy Production / Storage Hydrogen Fuel Cells Materials Science Lightweight and strong Food, Water and the Environment Remediation, Protection Instruments Tunneling microscopy

EPA Interest Consumer Products § Self-cleaning glass, ceramics, and metals § Stain-free clothing and mattresses § Lighter weight, stronger materials § Automobile bumpers, tennis racquets § More efficient, cheaper catalytic converters on cars § Longer lasting tires and tennis balls § Improved dental-bonding/filling materials § New types of burn and wound dressings § Impermeable materials for food packaging Office of Research and Development

EPA Interest Material Characterization Unique Properties of Nanomaterials • Chemical reactivity of nanoscale materials greatly different from more macroscopic form, e. g. , gold • Vastly increased surface area per unit mass, e. g. , upwards of 100 m 2 per gram • Quantum effects resulting in unique mechanical, electronic, photonic, and magnetic properties • New chemical forms of common chemical elements, e. g. , fullerenes, nanotubes of carbon, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, other layered compounds Office of Research and Development

EPA’s Interest in Nanotechnology • Fulfill mission - Develop appropriate risk assessment & risk management approaches • Provide leadership - U. S. and global communities - environmental appls and impls • Support research - Enhance collaborations, increase knowledge base • Address statutory requirements - CAA, CWA, FIFRA, RCRA, SDWA, TSCA, etc. • Encourage proactive approach - Predictive tools (SARs, comp tox), P 2, Sx. D Office of Research and Development

ORD Nanomaterial Research Strategy Location: http: //www. epa. gov/nanoscience/files/nanote ch_research_strategy_final. pdf Office of Research and Development

EPA Research Needs Nanomaterial Research Strategy (NRS) In fiscal years 2007 and 2008, EPA will focus on the following high priority areas. Based on White Paper & NEHI documents • Environmental fate, transport, transformation • Exposure • Monitoring and detection methods • Effects assessment methods consistent with and derived via exposure information. Office of Research and Development

ORD Nanomaterial Research Strategy – based on… Nanotechnology Environmental and Health Implications (NEHI) Interagency Working Group of NSET, (NSTC, 2006) EPA White Paper on Nanotechnology (EPA, 2007) EPA 100/B-07/001 | February 2007 www. epa. gov/osa Nanotechnology White Paper Office of the Science Advisor Science Policy Council http: //www. nano. gov/NNI_EHS_research_needs. pdf Office of Research and Development http: //www. epa. gov/OSA/pdfs/nanotech/epananotechnology-whitepaper-0207. pdf Office of the Science Advisor Science Policy Council

Nanotechnology Research Budget History Office of Research and Development

Research at EPA Applications – use nano to improve monitoring/detection and remediation techniques, pollution prevention (Approx. $12. 2 M to date) Implications – assess the interactions of enms (human & env), exposure, and possible risks that may arise (Approx. $17. 8 million to date, excluding ultrafine) Office of Research and Development

NCER Nano Funding • Extramural research program initiated in 2002 • ` Resources ~$5. 0 M/year, total >$45 Million • STAR researchers positioned as leaders in nano EHS • SBIR total ~ 8 million • Opportunities to collaborate with other agencies on RFAs • Opportunities to coordinate with stakeholders Office of Research and Development

EPA Nanotechnology STAR Grants 2001 Environmental Applications of Nanotechnology § 16 awards, $5. 6 million 2002 Environmental Applications of Nanotechnology § 16 awards, $5 million 2003 Health and Environmental Effects of Manufactured Nanomaterials § 12 awards, $4 million 2004 Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials § 7 awards, $2 million 2004/5 Health and environmental effects of Nanoparticles § 19 awards, $7 million (joint with NSF, NIOSH) 2005/6 Health and Environmental effects of Nanomaterials § 29 awards, $10. 3 million with NSF, NIOSH, & NIEHS Office of Research and Development

2007 Solicitation Environmental Effects of Nanomaterials – Joint with Department of Energy (DOE) and National Science Foundation (NSF) – Investigating Environmental Effects of Manufactured Nanomaterials – fate/transport & exposure – ~ $5 M, 15 STAR awards – 6 NSF awards – 1 DOE award Office of Research and Development

2007 Solicitation Biological Effects of Nanomaterials – Joint with National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) – Manufactured Nanomaterials: Physicochemical Principles of Biocompatibility and Toxicity (R 01): through NIEHS – ~ $2 M, 4 -year project Office of Research and Development

2007 GRO Solicitations Detection and Monitoring – Greater Research Opportunities Program – Detection & monitoring devices for engineered nms – ~ $2 million, $400 K/yr, 3 -yr awards – Opened June 13, 2007, Closed September 13, 2007 – 6 proposals – 1 passed peer review and awarded Office of Research and Development

2007 Solicitation Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology –National Science Foundation (NSF) lead – Investigating Environmental Effects of Manufactured Nanomaterials – fate/transport & exposure – ~ 2 Center awards made » UCLA and Duke lead institutions Office of Research and Development

2008 Solicitation Environmental Effects of Nanomaterials – Joint with United Kingdom – Investigating Environmental Effects of Manufactured Nms – fate/transport & exposure – ~ $4 million (US, UK), $2 million each, 4 years – Consortia teams, Collaboration required – Open February/March 2009 – ~13 proposals received Office of Research and Development

2009 Solicitation Increasing Scientific Data on the Fate, Transport and Behavior of Engineered Nanomaterials in Selected Environmental and Biological Matrices – Collaboration with European Commission –~ $5 million (EPA, NSF, USDA) – “EC Framework 7 call – Encourages international collaboration – Open November, close February Office of Research and Development

In-House Research at EPA • Initiated in 2007, $3 M • Currently $4. 0 M • Position EPA labs and staff • $5 M FY 2008, research initiated • Opportunities to work with STAR and federal researchers Office of Research and Development

2009 STAR Grantees’ Meeting Las Vegas 11/09 – 11/10 Office of Research and Development

Nanomaterials – Applications & Implications The Good… The Bad… Cross blood-brain barrier – drug delivery Cross blood-brain barrier – impair health Placed in subsurface areas remediation Placed in subsurface areas – impair ecosystem Small, real-time sensors – detection & protection Small, real-time sensors – privacy concerns Same compound, different properties – novel uses Same compound, different properties – reg. concerns Different disciplines – increased collaboration Different disciplines – limited understanding Office of Research and Development

Nanomaterials – Applications & Implications The Office of Research and Development Ugly? ?

Risk Assessment – Life-Cycle Perspective Worker Exposure Product Developme nt Raw Material Production 1 st Product Manufacturi ng Industrial Emissions Accidental Releases Office of Research and Development 2 nd Product Manufacturi ng

Risk Assessment – Life-Cycle Perspective General Population Exposure Manufacturi ng Process Consumer Use or Misuse End of Life Recycle Industrial Emissions Releases/Dischar ges Office of Research and Development Abrasion Direct Contact Disposal Pollution Secondary Use

Risk Assessment – Life-Cycle Perspective Ecosystem Exposure Manufacturi ng Process Consumer Use or Misuse End of Life Recycle Industrial Emissions Releases/Dischar ges Office of Research and Development Abrasion Env. Application Disposal Land, Air, Water Pollution Incidental Env Debris

NCER’s Nano Web Page NOW… Nanotechnology Home Nanotechnology Factsheet Solicitations Newsroom Research Projects Publications & Proceedings Office of Research and Development Nanotechnology has both applications and implications for the environment. EPA is supporting research in this technology while evaluating its regulatory responsibility to protect the environment and human health. This site highlights EPA’s research in nanotechnology and provides useful information on related research at EPA and in other organizations. http: //www. epa. gov/ncer/nano

EPA’s Nano Web Page Types of Nanomaterials Exposure Ecological Effects Health Effects Green Manufacturing Risk Assessments Pollution Management Fate and Transport Research Centers Research Grants Life Cycle Research http: //www. epa. gov/nanoscience Office of Research and Development

SUMMARY • Support research (internally, externally, nationally, internationally) to provide data needed to make policy and regulatory decision on emerging contaminants, proactive • Lay foundation for understanding enms transformations in various environmental media • Explore toxicity effects of the altered materials • Develop a systematic and integrated approach to assess, manage and communicate risks associated with enms in environment. complex mixtures • Work nationally and internationally to develop comprehensive research portfolio that addresses environmental and human health concerns. Office of Research and Development

GOAL Develop proactive & predictive approaches to manage risk Beyond C 2 Protecting Destroying Office of Research and Development