English as a GLOBAL language World English English

English as a GLOBAL language World English

English as a GLOBAL language 400mln English mother tongue speakers 350 mln English as a second language 100 mln use it fluently as a foreign language

English speakers NationMaster USA 280,000,000 India 100,000,000 UK 55,000,000 Canada 17,000,000 Australia 15,682,000 South Africa 3,500,000 New Zealand 3,312,000

Number of English speakers in the world The USA 2007 – 5 years and older 267,444,149 - 95,19% 225,505,963 - Mother tongue 41,938,196 - additional language - do not speak English at home but know it ‘very well’ or ‘well’

Number of English speakers in the world Great Britain (David Crystal) 2003 - 97,74% 1,500,000 - additional language Canada 85,91% 7,551,390 - additional language Australia (2001) – 97,03% New Zealand – 97,82% Ireland – 96,3%

Number of English speakers in the world Germany 56%, 272,504- L1 France 39% no L1 Italy 34% no L1 Spain 22% no L1 The Netherlands – 90% (2012), no L1 Austria – 73% Israel - 84,97%

Number of English speakers in the world Denmark - 86% Switzerland – 61,28% Norway – 89% Singapore – 80% China – 0.83% - 10,000,000

Number of English speakers in the world Russia 4,9% 6,963,511 Kazakhstan - 15,4% Bulgaria 25% Slovakia 26% Slovenia 59% Lithuania 38% Latvia 46% Estonia 50% no Ukraine in the list ???????????

English as a GLOBAL language 2/3 world scientists write in English ¾ world mail in English 80% electronic information

English as a GLOBAL language In 1997 81% of Internet users used English, in September 2002 only 36,5%

English as a GLOBAL language The 20th century will still be the century of the men who speak English Theodore Roosevelt

English as a GLOBAL language Of all modern languages, not one has acquired such great strength and vigor as the English… it may be called justly a language of the world, and it seems , like the English nation, to be destined to reign in future with still more extensive sway over all parts of the globe Jacob Grimm 1852

English as a GLOBAL language In 1600 England – second-rate country In the 19th c. – the British Empire

English as a GLOBAL language The Sun never sets in the British Empire The Sun never sets in the empire of the English language To put things metaphorically, whereas once Britannia ruled the waves, now it is English which rules them

English as a GLOBAL language Rating of world languages VS Rating of world currencies WWII : $6 - £1 Now: $1,4-1,7 - £1

English as a GLOBAL language World companies adopt English as a working language: In Germany 98% specialists in Physics and 93% in Chemistry communicate in English

English as a GLOBAL language “+“ & “-” of English invasion in Germany: Non-English Health resources Non-English documents Non-English titles Non-English on-line shopping German-German Television

English as a GLOBAL language Besides economic and political factors, vogue for English, computers & electronic produce made their contribution into Global English→ communicative shift (Prof.Lotman) or semiotic revolution (Prof. Kabakchi) : Computers (IT) + English

English as a GLOBAL language Semiotic revolution has changed the nature of communication making it Electronically/ digitally-based, Computer-mediated In virtual world With focus on audio and video, visualized information

English as a GLOBAL language Language policy in different countries aimed at protection their mother-tongue

English as the position of France In 1992 Academy of France published the Dictionary of French with 6000 borrowings from other languages despite all criticism of purists.

English as a GLOBAL language Among the words forbidden to use are: baby-sitter, boss, camping, cheeseburger, cocktail, copyright, drugstore, fast-food, know-how, marketing, parking, pickpocketing, sandwich, self-made man, sponsor, supermarket etc.

English as a GLOBAL language French VS English Téléscopie fax Courriel e-mail Imprimante printer

English as a GLOBAL language English becomes endangered in the USA as the Chinese, the Vietnamese, the Korean increased during the last decades of the 20th century

English as a GLOBAL language The number of native English speaking population (WASP) in the USA decreases as a result of graying and browning of America “Will America paint the White House Black?”

English as a GLOBAL language English VS other languages World localized Link confining Window closed Neutral biased

English as a GLOBAL language Criticism of English Negative impact of English was first noticed in British colonies, in India There was no intention of “Anglicizing” all of India, as is generally supposed. Ghandi, national leader, stated English brings alienation, intoxication, denationalization and mental slavery

English as a GLOBAL language Criticism of English English & Ideology Winston Churchill in the USA → Pigeon English

Simplification of English Newspeak Orwell

Simplification of English Basic English – constructed language, 1930 Charles Kay Ogden - 7 weeks Words selected via tests -850 words Simplified grammar which keeps it correct Idioms not included

Simplification of English Words are pluralized with the help of S Each of 300 verbs can be turned into nouns by adding ER, ING; into adj by adding ING , ED Adjectives turn into adverbs by LY Adjectives can be inverted with UN

Simplification of English. Basic English Operations – 100 words: Come, give, get, go, keep, let, put, seem, take, be, do, have, say, see, send, may, will About, across, after, at, among, between, by, down, from, in A, any, every, no, other, such, some North, south, east, west, please, yes

Simplification of English. Basic English Things – 400 words: Damage, danger, daughter, day, death, debt, decision, degree, design, desire, destruction, detail, development, digestion, direction, discovery, discussion, disease, division, doubt, drink, driving, dust

Simplification of English. Basic English Things – 200 picturable words: Angle, ant, apple, arch, arm, army, Wall, watch, wheel, whip whistle, window, wing, wire, worm

Simplification of English. Basic English Qualities - descriptive words Able, acid, angry, automatic Waiting, warm, wet, wide, wise, yellow, young

Simplification of English. Basic English Qualities -50 opposites: Awake, bad, bent, bitter, certain, cold, complete, cruel, Thin, white, wrong

Simplification of English. Easy English EASY English – simplified at Level A, Level B A – 1200 words as a foreign language B - 2800 words, Cambridge First Certificate

Simplification of English. Commonwealth English Commonwealth English – standard English spoken within Commonwealth

Simplification of English Plain English (simple writing style) Globish - simplified, most common English words, made as a result common practice Voice of America English BBC English International English

English as a GLOBAL language Criticism of English British Council as an institution to promote English English invasion was masterminded

English as a GLOBAL language Criticism of English Linguicism – ideology, structures used to legalise, reproduce unequal division of power on the basis of English Anglocentricity Glottopolitics

English as a GLOBAL language Criticism of English Modern China and biculturalism Think global, teach local! Mind the gap!

English as a GLOBAL language Criticism of English Donor-recipient relations, Dominant and domineering cultures, English linguistic hegemony Linguistic imperialism Linguistic globalisation. Anglo-American hegemonic culture English as ‘a killer language’ English-Only Europe? (2003) by Phillipson “the overarching dominance of anglophone nativespeakerism”

English as a GLOBAL language Quirk’s (1988) analysis is considerably more complex, dividing the spread of English into three separate varieties – imperial, demographic and econocultural.

Euro-Englishes Mainland Europeans, in the process of creating a pan-European culture in and through English, can also be seen to be on the periphery. English, for them, can act as a form of empowerment.

Euro-Englishes One indication of this development into a separate variety is the use of Eurospeak or Eurojargon within EU institutions. First recognized as a lexical register utilized by Eurocrats, the conceptualization Eurospeak is now becoming much more commonly noticed and cited.

Euro-Englishes Lexical items and multi-word units peculiar to Europe, such as Brussels to refer collectively to EU institutions, Maastricht to refer to the agreement signed there, Schengen land Euro land, Euro area, and Euro zone for those countries where the euro has been adopted as the currency,

Euro-Englishes Eurosceptic for someone skeptical of European integration, internal market, a designation for the EU as a free-trade zone, and Berlaymont, a synonym for “red tape,” as well as designations such as the “four freedoms”

Euro-Englishes Indeed, the term member state itself, a European invention, says much about how Europeans are molding language to accommodate a new political reality.

English as a GLOBAL language World language is a product of the sociohistorical development of the world econocultural system, which includes the world market, business community, technology, science and cultural and intellectual life on the global scale.

English as a GLOBAL language language spread -- a process during which the uses and/or users of a language increase, often under conditions of political expansionism, prestige or technological influence.

English and other languages In 1986 The Economist assembled a list of English words that have become more or less universal: airport, hotel, passport, telephone, bar, soda, cigarette, sport, golf, tennis, stop, O.K., weekend, jeans, know-how, sex, no problem “the real source of these exports –America”

English and other languages: defeat or interaction -ing family is the most popular except in French: un lifting, le pushing, un dancing, parking, camping, un lashing, a smoking

English and other languages: defeat or interaction Pressing France – a dry-cleaner’s shop Germany – tackling as at football Italy – putting pressure

English and other languages: defeat or interaction Footing France – long track + stroll Spain, Italy, Portugal – jogging

English and other languages Chile bluyins – jeans Portugal queque – little cake Serbo-Croatian nylon hotel – brothel nylon beach – for nudists Italy le bronzing (sunbathing)

English and other languages Japan Sumato – smart Nyuu ritchi – newly rich Haikutasu – high class Kyapitaru gein – capital gain Rushawa – rush hour

English and other languages Japan Purodakuchibichi – productivity Moga - modern girl Wa-pro – word processor Masukomi – mass communication

English and other languages Japan Erebeta – elevator Nekutai – necktie Bata – butter Beikon – bacon Sarada - salad

English and other languages Japan Mobile [mobairu] Table [tebru] Pokemon – pocket-monster Sign → signature Wet [wetto] → sentimental

English and other languages Japan Pepadoraiba –paper driver – not practising driver

English and other languages Japan Remon – lemon Chiizu – cheese Bifuteki – beefsteak Hamu – ham Shyanpu – shampoo

English and other languages Singapore Shims ( she-hims) transvestites

English and other languages German : Brunchen, clicken, fighten, jobben, shoppen, mobben, outen, relaxen etc. Old-timer , handy

English and other languages Sport terms in Germany Aerobic classes Warm-up Cool-down jogging

English and other languages. German English German Professional (pro) profi Last but not least last not least Take-off start Veteran car old-timer Male model dress model

English and other languages Model on the front coverboy/ cover girl Crisis management krisenmanagement

English and other languages The Netherlands English in the Netherlands Nederengels, Dunglish, Englutch, Engerlands Dutchlish, Dutchglish

The Netherlands Steenkolenengels – dawn of the 20th century the Dutch used primitive English in ports to communicate with British crews of coal industry Managerstaal ( manager +taal) – business loans via business

The Netherlands Bij de veg – by the way Dat is alles voor nu – that’s all for now plakje cake – piece of cake Niet mijn copie thee – not my cup of tea Zie je later – see you later

The Netherlands Hallo – hello Proost – cheers

The Netherlands Leidinggevende → manager Ontspannen → relax Dienstverlening → services Dutch equivalents are no longer used

The Netherlands IT loans Password User Surfen, browsen, bloggen, mailen, Deleten, printen, forwarden, editen, typen

The Netherlands - slogans Heinekken – ‘Heinekken refreshes the parts that other beers cannot reach’ Philips - ’ Let’s make things better’, Sense &Simplicity T-mobile – ‘life is for sharing’

The Netherlands Sports loans - no Dutch equivalents for sport terms racen, squashen, joggen, fitnessen, golf, keeper, penalty

The Netherlands. Code-switching The room is vol people ( full of) I have ook received it (too) They try, nee, they tried to help us (no)

The Netherlands. Code-switching And then you neem another one (took) He distributed it aan everybody (to)

English and other languages: false friends of interpreters The Netherlands Bootcamp – education camp – in Eng. A training camp for people who just joined the US army, Navy, Marine Corps

English and other languages: false friends of interpreters Bounty – a black man/ woman who works together with white people Eng.1. Food or wealth in large amounts 2/ the quality of being generous 3/ an amount of money given to someone by the government as a reward

English and other languages: false friends of interpreters Dancing – café, coffee-shop where people dance Explorer – a scout 14-17 years old

English and other languages: false friends of interpreters Mastermind – genius Eng. Someone who organizes an extremely complicated operation, esp. a criminal one

English and other languages: false friends of interpreters Pakistan Bootpolish – to lick sb’s boots Cheap –sly, petty, low-class Lift – special attention Light – electric power Meter – he’s lost his temper “His meter has gone full circle”

English and other languages false friends of interpreters Pakistan Number – “make a number for oneself” – use the situation to one’s own advantage Self- car-ignition Typical – a bit peculiar person Water (vutr) irrigation channel

English and other languages false friends of interpreters Korea Second – kept mistress Super- supermarket T- T-shirt Talent- TV actor

English and other languages false friends of interpreters Korea Old miss – unmarried woman past conventional age of marrying, spinster Over - overcoat Pro- TV/ radio guide Rouge - lipstick

English and other languages false friends of interpreters Thai Air- air-conditioned Campaign advertising Fan girl/boyfriend Over exaggerate

English and other languages false friends of interpreters Thai Repeat – to study an extra year in a college Smart – elegantly dressed

English and other languages false friends of interpreters Japan Companion attractive young lady at the exhibition Half half-Japanese Hearing listening Talent young media celebrity

English and other languages false friends of interpreters Japan Silver – relating to old age Text – textbook of foreign language Tobacco - cigarette

English and other languages false friends of interpreters Italy - fame – rumour Spain assistant – daily helping woman Audience – court hearing librarian – book seller mascara – disguised person