English ADJECTIVES Contents Introduction Different forms of

English ADJECTIVES

Contents *Introduction *Different forms of Adjectives *Examples *Activity *Exercises

What are Adjectives? Adjectives are used to qualify nouns. e. g. John is a lazy boy. This is a big house. Hong Kong is a busy city.

Can you describe yourselves or your friends with adjectives? careless friendly good fat interesting bad polite short clever unhappy lovely unfriendly naughty ugly beautiful tall boring lazy useless happy helpful thin hardworking lonely careful handsome shy

Can you classify the adjectives used? helpless beautiful helpful careful unfriendly unhappy friendly careless lovely interesting lonely boring good, bad, tall, short, fat, thin, lazy, shy, ugly, polite, clever, handsome, happy hardworking crying running

Adjectives in Past Participle Form Type 1: Type 2: Regular Irregular Past Participle verb form = Showing or feeling of = Make or cause to be

Examples: Adjectives in Past Participle Form Regular: surprise…. surprised interest…. . . interested excite……. . excited frighten…. . frightened crowd……. crowded tire………. tired injure……. injured boil ………. boiled bore………. bored cook………cooked *worry………worried Irregular: break………broken fall…………fallen write………written steal………. stolen give………. given see…………seen drive………driven speak……. . . spoken forget……. . forgotten *sell…………sold *lose…………lost

A crowded flower market A broken vase

Adjectives in Present Participle Form Verb + ‘ing’ form = 1. Causing the feeling of 2. Showing a continuous status

Examples: Adjectives in Present Participle Form Regular: Irregular: interest……interesting surprise………surprising fall……. …. . falling excite…………exciting fly……. . flying boil…. . ……. boiling tire……………tiring relax………. relaxing run……………running worry……. . . worrying work hard……hardworking satisfy. . . ……. satisfying cry…. . . ……. . crying die……………. dying burn………. . . burning disappoint…. disappointing

A crying boy A shopping centre

A hardworking farmer A swimming lesson

Fallen leaves Falling leaves What is the difference between these two adjectives?

Boiling water Boiled water What is the difference between these two adjectives?

Adjectives formed by adding suffixes to nouns 1. Noun + ‘ful’ 3. Noun + ‘able’ or ‘ible’ = full of something / having the quality of something = able to do something/ showing qualities of something 2. Noun + ‘less’ 4. Noun + ‘y’ = without something = full of something

Examples: Noun + ‘ful’ / ‘less’ Noun + ‘ful’: care……. …careful help……. …helpful hope…. …. . . hopeful power…. . …powerful colour…. …colourful use……. . …. useful cheer……. . . cheerful fear……. . …fearful meaning……meaningful success……. successful beauty……. . beautiful Noun + ‘less’ care………careless help………helpless hope……. . hopeless power……. powerless colour……colourless use………. useless cheer……. cheerless fear………fearless meaning…. meaningless doubt……. doubtless

Beautiful flowers Colourful fruits

A careful girl A careless boy Compare these two adjectives. careless = ? careless = not careful / without care

Helpful children A helpless beggar Compare these two adjectives. helpless = ? helpless = needing others’ help / without help

A meaningful sentence a meaningless sentence

A successful man A successless man NO! ? An unsuccessful man

Examples: noun + ‘able’ / ‘ible’ enjoy……. …enjoyable response……responsible comfort……comfortable sense………. . sensible reason……. . . reasonable horror……. . horrible agree………. agreeable move………. movable value…. ……valuable believe…. . …. believable forget……. . forgettable

A comfortable home

Examples: noun + ‘y’ wind………. windy health………. . healthy cloud………cloudy wealth………. wealthy snow………. snowy luck…………. lucky rain………. . rainy greed…………greedy sun…………sunny sleep…………. sleepy noise………. noisy rock…………. rocky taste………. tasty sand…………. sandy salt…………salty blood…………bloody cream……. . creamy speed…………speedy

Tasty food A dirty city A noisy place

A rainy day A windy day A sunny day

Adjectives formed by adding prefixes to adjectives 1. ‘un’ + adjective 2. ‘dis’ + adjective 3. ‘in’ + adjective 4. ‘im’ + adjective 5. ‘ir’ + adjective 6. ‘il’ + adjective 7. ‘non’ + adjective = NOT + adjective (opposite in meaning)

Examples: ‘un’ + adjectives happy……. . unhappy usual………. unusual tidy………. untidy healthy……. . unhealthy able………. unable helpful……. . unhelpful kind………unkind comfortable…uncomfortable lucky……. unlucky forgettable…. unforgettable fair………. unfair friendly……. . unfriendly likely……. unlikely cooked………uncooked locked……unlocked important…. . . unimportant seen………. unseen reasonable…. . unreasonable equal……. . unequal attractive……. unattractive

A tidy room An untidy room

A happy family An unhappy girl

They feel comfortable. They feel uncomfortable.

Healthy sports activities Unhealthy snacks

An easy word An uneasy word NO! ? A difficult word

Examples: ‘dis’ + adjectives honest……. ………. dishonest able……. …………. disabled obedient…………. . . disobedient satisfied……………dissatisfied orderly……………. . disorderly continuous…………. discontinuous advantageous………disadvantageous

Examples: ‘in’ + adjectives direct……. …indirect active……. …inactive correct……. . . incorrect Complete. …. . incomplete famous……. . . infamous convenient…. inconvenient considerate…inconsiderate dependent…. . independent

A question in direct speech A question in indirect speech

A correct sentence An incorrect sentence

Examples: ‘im’ + adjectives Polite……. impolite Possible…. …. . …impossible Perfect……. . imperfect Patient……. . impatient Balanced……. . imbalanced Mature……. . …. immature Measurable…. . immeasurable

A possible wish An impossible wish

Examples: ‘ir’ + adjectives regular…………. …. . irregular responsible…………. irresponsible relevant……………. . irrelevant removable…………. . irremovable replaceable……. ……irreplaceable

Regular Irregular MTR service mini-bus service

Examples: ‘il’ + adjectives legal………. . …illegal logical………. . illogical literate………. illiterate

A logical sentence An illogical sentence

Examples: ‘non’ + adjectives stop……………. non-stop violent…………non-violent smoking………. non-smoking verbal…………non-verbal

Adjectives formed by adding the suffix ‘ly’ to nouns / adjectives Noun + ‘ly’ or Adjective + ‘ly’ = having the quality of

Examples: Adjectives formed by adding ‘ly’ to nouns / adjectives *Noun + ‘ly’ *Adjective + ‘ly’ love…………lovely live………. . lively friend………. friendly like………. . likely order………. orderly lone………. lonely

Lovely monkeys The friendly Santa Claus

Activity: Describe this picture with adjectives On a windy day, a horrible fire broke out in a locked building. The responsible firemen came at once and found a helpless and frightened girl who was shouting from a broken window. With the help of some useful tools, the firemen saved the crying girl. They had done a wonderful job. It was impossible for the girl to forget this unforgettable experience.

Story-writing Exercise 1 Our English teacher gives us dictations every week. Sometimes, the teacher asks us to study for the dictations beforehand, but sometimes we do not have to. That means some are ______ dictations and some are _______ dictations. However, my classmates are bad students. Some of them tell lies. They are __________. Some of them do not obey the teachers. They are _______. Some of them always sleep in class. It seems that they always feel ___________. Some of them always throw rubbish. So, the classroom is very ________. Some of them shout loudly in class. They are very _____. In this examination, most of them get poor results. Their teachers and parents feel ____________ at their performance.

Story-writing Exercise 2 Once, there was an old man. He was very rich, but he wanted more and more money. He was really __________. He had a son, but he always beated him up. He was ______ to his son. It rained heavily one day. The old man travelled with his son in a car on this _________ day. When the old man was driving, he did not look at the traffic lights which had turned red and so the car crashed in a lorry. He was very __________. His son fell into a river. He could not swim and he felt __________ because he needed help. Luckily, a man who always helped others saved him. He was a ___________ man. The son was really ________ because he did not die.

However, the old man was trapped in the car. He was going to die. The son had no hope that his father would live. He felt _________. At this time, the man came to help again. He used some tools to open the door of the cars. The tools were very _________. At last, the kind man saved the old man who was taken to hospital.