England
The National flag of England
The main information • The capital city is London • Area — 133 396 square kilometers • The population — about 53 million people • Language — English • The form of government is a dual monarchy (дуалистическая монархия) • Date of Foundation — 928 year • Currency (валюта) — pound sterling(фунт стерлингов) • Biggest cities — London, Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield, Liverpool, Manchester
Royal Arms of England is three golden leopard in the red field. It was created by Richard the Lionheart in 1190. It was a different coat of arms just with one lion before Richard. It was added French lilies to the lions since the beginning of the Hundred Years War and the coronation of King Edward III. They remained until 1603.
1133— 1198 1340— 1406 1198— 1340 1406— 1603
the lion is a popular symbol in heraldry. it traditionally symbolises bravery, valour, strength, and royalty, because historically it has been regarded as the king of beasts.
red symbolizes bravery, courage, love, and the blood shed in the struggle.
gold is the king of metals. it symbolises nobility, power and wealth, and the christian virtues: faith, justice, mercy and humility.
Ethnic group composed of white: It's British, Irish Traveller and Other. Asian or Asian British It's Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese and other, Black or Black British : It's Caribbean, African and Other, Mixed: white and Caribbean, white and African, white and Asian and other mixed. It's 53 million people: female 27 million, male 26 million.
Geography of England
Map of England 11
Surface Highlands -The Pennines (Cross Fell-893) -The Cumbrian mountains (Scafell Pike-978) Lake District -The Cheviot Hills (The Cheviot-815) 12
Surface (2) Lowlands -The Cotswold Hills, Chiltern Hills, North Downs, South Downs The Southwest Peninsula -Dartmoor -Exmoor 13
Waters Rivers -Thames (346 km) -Mersey (112 km) -Tyne (100 km) -Severn (354 km) tidal rivers Lakes -Lake Windermere -Lake Derwentwater 14
Climate Highly changeable weather Northern and western parts usually wetter and colder Southern parts sunnier and warmer Temperate climate (-5 -30°C) Milder winters than in Central Europe Gulf Stream 15
Economy of England is a substantial part of the whole United Kingdom, it is also the heart of state economy and business. On the international arena England is famous for export of capital and industrial goods. In England, mining industry is mainly associated with natural gas and petrol extraction from the shelf of the North Sea. In addition, the majority of nine petrol refineries are located precisely in England – in the area of Thames Estuary, Manchester Chanel, Teesside, Fawley near Southampton, Humberside.
the ore is of low quality, siliceous and contains only 33% of the metal. three out of four metallurgic regions are located on the territory of england: sheffield – rotherham, ports scunthorpe in humberside, redcar in teesside facilitated by coal extraction in lancashire and north-east. machinery manufacturing is the biggest industry in english economy, which involves the biggest amount of workers as well. especially, england is famous for transport machine building (including automobiles), which is concentrated in practically all the big cities.
chemical industry is also the substantial part of english economy, the enterprises of which gravitate to refineries in search of necessary raw materials. textile industry is the traditional one for england, which includes the production of wool in west yorkshire, acetate silk in silsden (yorkshire), and cotton fabrics in lancashire, in the small textile towns to the north-east of manchester. over the last decades food industry achieved almost the same importance as machinery or energy industry both in england in the whole state
BRITISH TRADITIONS Every country has its own traditions and customs. In Britain traditions play a very important role in the life of people. The British are proud of their traditions and keep them carefully.
. It is known that the English are stay-at-home people. “There is no place like home”, they say. When they don't work they like to spend their days off at home with their families. English people like domestic animals. Every family has a pet: a dog, a cat or a bird
Tea-drinkers The English are teadrinkers. They have it many times a day. Some Englishmen have tea for breakfast, tea in lunch time, tea after dinner, tea at tea-time and tea with supper. Some English families have "high tea" or big tea and no supper. The Englishmen always drink tea out of cups, never out of glasses.
The queen's telegram Every British person gets a telegram from the Queen on their onehundredth birthday
Changing of the Guards Every morning tourists go to watch the ceremony at Buckingham Palace. At 11. 30 the guard that stands in front of the palace change.
Legends of England is a country of quite reserved people, and because of this English legends are often very serious and sort of mysterious, contents many ghosts, witches, paranormal object and sometimes connected with history.
Blickling Hall This place is supposed to be haunted by Anne Boleyn.
Screaming skull A Screaming skull is a type of paranormal object. Screaming human skulls are only found in England
Jack O’Kent is less a creature and more a folk hero, but he is a fascinating figure nonetheless
Church Grim This legend is about mysterious being