ENERGY CONSERVATION IN EXISTING BUILDINGS IN PRACTICE V

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN EXISTING BUILDINGS IN PRACTICE V. K. MITTAL SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (E) CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF INDIA NEW DELHI

CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT n n n n PREMIER CONSTRUCTION AGENCY OF GOVT. OF INDIA. MORE THAN 150 YEARS OLD. ALL INDIA PRESENCE. MULTIPLICITY OF WORKS. STRONG TECHNICAL BASE ARCHITECTURAL, CIVIL, ELECTRICAL & HORTICULTURE WINGS. CODES, SPECIFICATIONS & SCHEDULES WIDELY FOLLOWED BY OTHER GOVT. DEPARTMENTS, AUTONOMOUS BODIES, CONSULTANTS.

CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT PRIMARY FUNCTIONS. n n CONSTRUCTION & MAINTAINANCE OF GOVT. RESIDENTIAL AND NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS THROUGH OUT THE COUNTRY. MAINTAIN LARGE NUMBER OF PROMINENT BUILDINGS IN DELHI. n n PRESIDENT HOUSE, PARLIAMENT HOUSE. SOUTH BLOCK, NORTH BLOCK. VIGYAN BHAWAN, SUPREME COURT. MOST OF THE MINISTRIES OF GOVT. OF INDIA

CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT n n n A RESPONSIBLE DEPARTMENT OF GOVT. OF INDIA. TOOK INITIATIVE TO IMPLEMENT ENERGY CONSERVATION IN GOVT. BUILDINGS. ENERGY AUDIT OF A LARGE NUMBER OF BUILDINGS CONDUCTED IN 3 PHASES.

PHASE – I n PRESIDENT HOUSE n PMO n SHARAM SHAKTI BHAWAN & TRANSPORT BHAWAN.

PHASE – II n PARLIAMENT HOUSE, NORTH BLOCK, SOUTH BLOCK, UDYOG BHAWAN, KRISHI BHAWAN, SHASTRI BHAWAN, NIRMAN BHAWAN, VIGYAN BHAWAN, SUPREME COURT CENTRAL GOVT. HOSPITALS ETC.

PHASE – III n UPSC, NAGMA, AGCR, CAG, NIRVACHAN SADAN JANPATH ETC.

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION IN COMMERCIAL SECTOR. n n ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 8% OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY SUPPLIED BY UTILITIES. ANNUAL INCREASE 11 -12%. AVERAGE ELECTRICITY GROWTH IN ECONOMY 5 -6%. ANNUAL INCREASE ON ACCOUNT OF. n n n NEW BUILDINGS. INCREAS IN ENERGY INTENCITY OF EXISTING BUILDINGS. STUDY OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF EXISTING BUILDINGS INDICATE 5 -10% GROWTH.

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS COMMON SERVICES. n n n n LIGHTING AIR-CONDITIONING, HEATING, VENTILATION. ELEVATORS. WATER SUPPLY (PUMPS). WATER HEATING (WINTER). COMPUTERS. PHOTO COPIERS. MISC OFFICE APPLIANCES.

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. SOURCES OF POWER n n LOCAL SUPPLY COMPANY (UTILITIES) DIESEL GENERATING SETS (STAND BY)

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. COST OF POWER n LOCAL SUPPLY – RS. 5/- TO RS. 6/- PER UNIT (KWH). n DG SET SUPPLY – RS. 12/- TO RS. 14/- PER UNIT.

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF POWER n n n RECEIVE - AT 11 KV. STEP DOWN TRANSFORMERS - 11 KV/415 V. DISTRIBUTION TO VARIOUS LOAD THROUGH LT PANEL & NETWORK OF UG CABLE AND RISING MAINS METERING AT 11 KV. BOTH KWH AND KVAH METERING.

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. METERED ENERGY = CONSUMPTION IN SERVICES. + LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION (TRANSFORMERS + UG CABLE + PANELS)

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. n n CONSUMPTION IN SERVICES = INPUT POWER x TIME INPUT POWER = LOAD DEMAND / EFFICIENCY

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. n n FOR BEST RESULTS REDUCE CONNECTED LOAD REDUCE TIME IMPROVE EFFICIENCY REDUCE LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION.

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. BASIC FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY – CONSERVATION

TURN ‘ON’ n AS LATE AS POSSIBLE n ONLY AS MUCH AS REQUIRED n ONLY WHEN REQUIRED n ONLY WHERE REQUIRED.

TURN ‘OFF’ AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE n n n OPTIMIZE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES SUCH AS DAYLIGHT, SOLAR ENERGY, FRESH –AIR. PREVENT WASTAGE / LEAKAGE (WATER, AIR). OPTIMIZE REQUIREMENT (SPACE, LUX-LEVEL, TEMP, WATER). USE DIFFERENT SPACE FOR DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS - WORKING ALONE OR MEETING FEW PERSONS, HOLDING LARGE MEETING, HAVING LUNCH /RELAXING. REDUCE REQUIREMENT BY REDUCING HEAT GAIN / HEAT LOSS INFILTRATION / EX-FILTRATION (BUILDING ENVELOPE).

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. REDUCTION IN LIGHTING LOAD n n n USE DAY LIGHT USE ENERGY EFFICIENT LAMPS & BALLAST. ISTALL LIGHTING CONTROL OCCUPANCY CENSORS. MOTION CENSOR. FIXTURES INSTALLED IN DAY LIGHT AREA PHOTO SENSOR. TASK LIGHTING.

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. ADVANTAGES OF DAY LIGHT n n n REDUCTION IN POWER BILL. REDUCTION IN LAMP REPLACEMENT COST. REDUCTION IN MAINTAINANCE COST. REDUCTION IN AIR-CONDITIONING LOAD WHICH WILL FURTHER REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION. INCREASED PRODUCIVITY BY 16%

COMPARISION OF FLTYPE FEATURES LAMP WATTAGE LAMP DIA (M. M) LUMENS OUT PUT EFFICACY (Lm/W) CRI RATED LIFE (BURNING HOURS) CONTROL GEAR CHOKE WATTAGE TOTAL SYSTEM WATTAGE POOR FACTOR SYSTEM VA CRI- COLOUR RENDERING INDEX SUN CRI - 100 FL LAMPS T-12 T 5 40 38 2400 28 16 2900 60 65 5000 104 72 20, 000 EM-ECG 13 -15 53 -55 W 06 90 ECG 2 30 W. 0. 95 30

COMPARISION OF T 5& T-12 LAMPS n n n POWER CONSUMPTION OF T- 12 LAMP WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC BALLAST=40+15= 55 W POWER CONSUMPTION OF T- 5 LAMP WITH ELECTRONIC BALLAST. = 30 W DIFFERENCE IN POWER CONSUMPTOIN = 25 W SAVING IN ONE YEAR ON ACCOUNT OF REPLACEMENT OF T-12 BY T-5 NORMAL OFFICE WITH 10 HRS. WORKING = 250 X 10 X 25 X Rs. 6. 5 = Rs. 406. ROUND THE CLOCK THROUGH OUT THE YEAR = 365 X 24 X 25 X Rs. 6. 5 =Rs. 1423. 50

POWER FACTOR REASONS OF POOR POWER FACTOR n INDUCTIVE LOAD LIKE MOTORS (LIFTS, A. C. PLANT, PUMP MOTORS) n FL/DISCHARGE LAMPS WITHOUT CAPACITORS. n UPS/INVERTERS.

POWER FACTOR SOLUTION n n INSTALL CAPACITOR BANKS (APFC) WITH EVERY TRASFORMER IF BULK LOAD LIKE A/C PLANT IS CLOSE TO SUB-STATION. INSTALL CAPACITOR BANK WITH LOAD (LIKE A/C PLANT) IF LOAD IS FAR AWAY FROM SUBSTATION.

POWER FACTOR WHY POOR PF n n CAPACITOR BANK NOT INSTALLED. CAPACITOR BANK INSTALLED BUT OF INADEQATE RATING. CAPACITOR BANK NOT MAINTAINED. CAPACITOR BANK SWITCHED OFF TO AVOIDE NOISE.

POWER FACTOR COMPARISION AT VARIOUS PF VALUES TRANSFORMER RATIO : 11 KV /415 V. LOAD = 1000 KW n PF n = 0. 7 0. 8 0. 95 KVA = 1428 1250 1052 n LT SIDE CURRENT 1987 1739 1464 n HT SIDE CURRENT 75 65 55 n CURRENT RATIO 1. 36 1. 18 1 n COPPER LOSS(IR) 1. 85 1. 40 1

POWER FACTOR MAX LOAD AT VARIOUS PF n TRANSFORMER - 1000 KVA n PF MAX LOAD % INCREASE n 0. 7 700 KW n 0. 8 800 KW 14% n 0. 95 950 KW 36%

TRANSFORMERS SAVING IN REDUCTION IN LOSS n n n REDUCTION IN LOSS TRANSFORMER USE LIFE REDUCTION IN LOSSES IN LIFE CYCLE = 1 KW = ROUND THE CLOCK = 20 YEARS. = 365 X 24 X 20 X 1 KWH = 1, 75, 200 KWH COST SAVING @ RS. 6. 50 PER UNIT FOR 20 YRS. = RS. 11, 37, 500/PER YEAR. = Rs. 56875/PER MONTH = Rs. 4740/-

EFFECT OF VOLTAGE LIGHT FIXTURES n COMPARISION OF 3 PHASE AND 1 PHASE VOLTAGE. SINGLE PHASE THREE PHASE 200 346 210 364 220 381 230 398 240 415 250 433 LIGHT FIXTURES ARE RATED – 210 -220 V. VOLTAGE REDUCTION 1% WILL SAVE 1. 1% ENERGY IN LIGHTING SYSTEM. MAINTAIN VOLTAGE – 380 -390 V 3 PHASE FOR LIGHTING SYSTEM

LOAD MANAGEMENT n n n MAINTAN POWER FACTOR = 0. 98 -0. 99. LOAD TRANSFORMERS = 50 to 55%. SWITCH OFF TRANSFORMERS BEYOND OFFICE HOURS. USE MINIMUM TRANSFORMERS DURING WINTER. KEEP THREE PHASE LOAD BALANCED.

LIGHT AND FAN n n n n SWITCH ON ONLY WHEN REQURED. ENCOURAGE USE OF DAY LIGHT. USE ENERGY EFFICIENT LAMP & BALLAST. MAINTAIN DESIRED LUX LEVEL. MAINTAIN VOLTAGE BETWEEN 210 -220 V SWITCH OFF ALTERNATE LIGHTS IN CORRIDORS. PROVIDE TASK LIGHT. USE ELECTRONIC REGULATORS IN PLACE OF RESISTANCE TYPE.

WINDOW – SPLIT AIR-CONDITIONER n n PROVIDE CENTRAL A/C PLANT IN PLACE OF LARGE NUMBER OF UNITS. REPLACE OLD AND INEFFICIENT UNITS. PROPER MAINTAINANCE SWITCH OFF WHEN ROOM NOT IN USE.

WATER MANAGEMENT n n n PREVENT WATER LOSS. REDUCE WATER USAGE USE EFFICIENT PUMPS & MOTORS

LIFTS n n PROVIDE VVVF DRIVE SWITCH OFF LIFTS DURING OFF PEEK HOURS.

CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT. n n ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES ACHIEVEMENT SO FAR. SN. NAME OF BUILDING ENCON MEASURE IMPLEMENTED 1. PRESIDENT HOUSE 2. PMO 3. SHRAM SHAKTI BHAWAN & TRANSPORT BHAWAN 4. NIRMAN BHAWAN 5. UDYOG BHAWAN 6. KRISHI BHAWAN 7. SHASTRI BHAWAN 8. NORTH BLOCK 9. SOUTH BLOCK 10. VIGYAN BHAWAN 11. SUPREME COURT ACCESSED SAVING ESCO 16% ESCO 90% 80% 40% 25% 50% 80% 40% 16% 7% 13% 10% 6% 15% 10% 3% 5%

CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT. ACHIEVEMENT IN ENERGY CONSERVATION UDYOG BHAWAN WAS AWARDED FIRST PRIZE OF NATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION AWARD BY MINISTRY OF POWER FOR THE YEAR - 2008.

CENTRAL PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT. ENCON MEASURES IMPLEMENTED IN UDYOG BHAWAN. n PROVISION OF POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT PANELS. n REPLACEMENT OF OLD OIL TYPE TRANSFORMERS BY DRY TYPE TRANSFORMERS n REPLACEMENT OF OLD WATER SUPPLY PUMPS OF 10 HP BY 7. 5 HP PUMPS n REPLACEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL FLUORSCENT LAMPS (4 X 40 W) WITH ELECTRO MAGNETIC BALLAST BY T-5 LAMP FITTINGS. n PROVISION OF SOLAR WATER HEATING FOR CANTEEN IN PLACE OF ELECTRIC GEYSERS.

CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT. OUT COME OF ENCON MEASURES IMPLEMENTED IN UDYOG BHAWAN 2006 -07 LAC KWH n n n 2007 -08 LAC KWH ANNUAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION PURCHASED FROM UTILITIES - 44. 22 35. 96 ANNUAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION THROUGH DG SET 0. 146 0. 471 TOTAL ANNUAL CONSUMPTION 44. 36 35. 91

CENTRAL PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT. ENERGY CONSERVATION ON GOING MEASURES n n n IMPLEMENTATION OF VARIOUS ENCON MEASURES IN VARIOUS STAGES IN BUILDINGS. CENTRAL AIR-CONDITIONING OF ONE FLOOR OF NIRMAN BHAWAN. PROVISIONS OF SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC CELLS. PROVISIONS OF SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM IN RESIDENCIES OF HONBLE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT AND HONBLE MINISTERS OF GOVT. OF INDIA. PROVISION OF CFL LAMPS IN PLACE OF INCANDESCENT LAMP IN RESIDENCES OF HONBLE MPS AND HONBLE MINISTERS OF GOVT. OF INDIA. IN MARCH 09, DEPARTMENT DECIDED THAT ALL CPWD CONSTRUCTIONS SHALL HENCEFORTH BE GREEN.

ENERGY CONSERVATION ROAD MAP n n n n IN HOUSE MONITORING AWARENESS IN END USERS DISPLAY CARDS REGULAR TRAINING OF MAINTAINANCE STAFF GOOD HOUSE KEEPING PROPER MAINTAINANCE POST ENERGY MANAGERS INNOVATIVE/ OUT OF BOX SOLUTION

ENERGY CONSERVATION CASE STUDY PROMINENT BUILDING n n n n SANCTIONED LOAD 3500 KW MAX DEMAND 4300 KW DG SET BEING OPERATED 3 TO 4 HRS PER DAY TO MEET EXCESS OVER SANCTIONED LOAD BEING SWITCHED OFF BY ROTATION NUMBER OF WINDOW TYPE /SPLIT TYPE AIRCONDITIONERS INSTALLED (AVERAGE 1. 5 TR) - 2000 Nos. A. Cs MORE THAN 7 YRS OLD AND IN EFFICIENT - 1500 Nos. AVERAGE POWER CONSUMPTION - 2. 75 KW (PER UNIT 1. 5 TR)

CASE STUDY ACS INSTALLED AND MAINTAINED BY DIFFERENT GOVT. DEPARTMENTS PROPOSED SOLUTION n n REPLACE OLD & INEFFICIENT ACS BY STAR RATED AIR-CONDITIONERS POWER CONSUMPTION OF STAR RATED UNIT = 2 KW POWER SAVED PER UNIT = 0. 75 KW POWER SAVED BY 1500 UNITS WITH 0. 9 LOAD FACTOR = 1012 KW

CASE STUDY n INVESTMENT COST PER UNIT STAR RATED (1. 5 TR) n LESS SCRAP VALUE OF OLD UNIT n NET COST PER UNIT = RS. 17, 000/- n TOTAL INVESTMENT FOR 1500 UNITS = RS. 255 LACS = RS. 20, 000/(-) = RS. 3000/-

CASE STUDY ENERGY SAVED n PER YEAR PER UNIT =0. 75(KW)X 7(MONTHS)X 22(DAYS)X 9(HRS) =1039. 5 KWH TOTAL ENERGY SAVED (PER YEAR) =1039. 5 X 1500 X 0. 9 (LOAD FACTOR)KWH. =1403325 KWH COST OF ENERGY SAVED (PER YEAR)@ Rs. 5/PER KWH =Rs. 70, 16, 625/PAY BACK PERIOD = LESS THAN 4 YEARS.

CASE STUDY ADDITIONAL BENEFITS n n n n REDUCTION IN MAX DEMAND BY 1000 KW NO NEED TO GET SANCTIONED LOAD ENHANCED NO NEED TO OPERATE DG SET NO NEED TO SWITCH OFF LOAD BY ROTATION MORE COOLING USER SATISFACTION BETTER PRODUCTIVITY

CASE STUDY n n METHODOLOGY - SELF REPLACEMENT OR ESCO TIME - 3 -4 MONTHS

WNDOW/SPLIT AIR-CONDITIONERS n n THERE MAY BE MORE THAN 10, 000 WINDOW /SPLIT AIR-CONDITIONER WHICH ARE OLD AND ENERGY INEFFICIENT. IF REPLACED THE PEAK DEMAND CAN BE REDUCED BY 7. 5 MW.

ENERGY CONSERVATION ADOPT AS A WAY OF LIFE THANKS ALL OF YOU