EMIS 8340 Systems Engineering Tool applying tools to engineering

EMIS 8340 Systems Engineering Tool—applying tools to engineering systems Decomposition: Architecture & Trade Studies Mark E. Sampson 1

Architectural Frameworks… • …a means of representing, capturing, communicating system architectures from a variety of perspectives… • 100’s of frameworks out there… • Aimed at different problem domains Business/IS systems… Zachman, SEMS, EPIC… Tools help capture & support these frameworks… Case. Wise, Synthesis… Usually can’t buy them without consulting Business consultants each have their own extensions/tools [zifa. com] 2

Architectural Frameworks…continued • IDEF 0 -9…based on SADT • IDEF 0—functional modeling • • • IDEF 1—information modeling… IDEF 1 x—activity modeling IDEF 2—system dynamics IDEF 3—process & states IDEF 4—object modeling … IDEF 9—user interface … IDEF 14—network modeling Tools help capture & support these frameworks… KBSI, Popkin SA, Pro. Sim, … [idef. com] 3

Architectural Frameworks…continued • Do. DAF…next generation C 4 ISR • Operational views • OV 1 -operational concepts • … • OV 5 -activities • … • OV 9 -logical Data System views • SV 1 -interfaces • … • SV 12 -events • Tools help capture & support these frameworks… Popkin SA, Statemate, P-Tech… Most used is Powerpoint, Excel, … 4

Architectural Frameworks…continued • Translates functions into physical architecture by grouping functions into logical/physical elements • Elements include: hardware, software, material, data, facilities, people, services, and/or processes Alternatives are evaluated against the requirements to identify Hydraulics best approach Continue to develop Water Sys architecture until you can verify that requirements have been met • • EMS Control …produces WBS, spec’s, & CI’s [SE Handbook 10] [DOE 2003] 5

Architecture: Synthesis… • You “just” have to choose an architecture that: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Satisfies the requirements Implements the functions Within budget, time, knowledge, resources, … Built with available technology & availability risk Is extensible to accommodate growth & new technologies 6. Allows you to go the next level of detail 7. Is robust enough to minimize back-tracking …you may be starting from scratch or from existing art …in a changing environment [SE Handbook 10] 6

Architecture: Synthesis 1. Develop alternatives use the tools previously described—brainstorming, morphing, surveys, literature searches, Pugh, TRIZ, … 2. Develop architectures from those alternatives use diagrams/models of appropriate types (at appropriate levels) 3. Choose & dive to the next level apply criteria, decision trees, weighting, utility curves… Repeat until components are Realizable, verifiable, … Functional Analysis Systems Synthesis Systems Analysis Problem Definition Develop Alternatives Develop Verification Validation Decomposition Alternatives Choose Alternatives Develop Architectures [SE Handbook 10] 7

Modeling Methodology: Schematic Block Diagrams …capture & communicate potential product architecture, what makes it up, & their interactions • Shows internal & external interfaces without pushing a particular design Partitioning • Encourages looking “outside the box” In our dental hygiene case, shows the preliminary product partitioning) [Armstrong 1993] 8

Modeling Methodology: Behavior Diagrams …combine data flow and functional flow • More thorough analysis of actions & what is being acted on in the same diagram. • Support function to system allocations …tools like CORE, Cradle-SEE, …use these types of diagrams [Armstrong 1993] 9

Modeling Methodology: State Diagrams …analysis of system states or modes • Identify lock conflicts—on, standby, … • Identify transition problems during design Presentation/Demo by IBM In our dental hygiene case, shows the system needs to be made ready [Armstrong 1993] before it can be used 10

Modeling Methodology: Object Oriented Analysis …identify what the system will have to deal with as objects • Similar to mission profiles, schematic block diagrams, … • UML/Sys. ML Presentation/demonstration In our dental hygiene case, shows objects of our dental monitoring system [Armstrong 1993] 11

Methodology: Data Flow …like functional flow, except emphasis on how information flows among system elements. Helps identify data input/output conflicts • Data dictionaries In our dental hygiene case, shows a decomposition of monitoring brushing after meals [Armstrong 1993] 12

Modeling Methodology: others… • • • Entity-Relationship Diagrams Math models (Excel, Matlab, …) Statistical Models—(SAS, Mini. Tab, …) Performance models—Queuing, Monte Carlo, etc. (Crystal Ball, SES Workbench, …) Environmental Models— Physical Models—Hydraulics, Electrical, …(Easy 5, CAERose, Matlab/Simulink…) 13

• Math/Behavior Modeling… Math models (Excel, Matlab/Simulink, Mathematica, Math. Cad, Maple/Maplesim, Modelica, …) Matlab/Simulink Maple. Sim Wolfram. Alpha Modelica 14

Performance Modeling… • • Performance models—Queuing, Monte Carlo, etc. (Crystal Ball, Sa. S, SES Workbench, …) DFSS (Design For Six Sigma) Crystal. Ball 15

• • Physical Modeling… Physical Models—Materials, Aerodynamics, Kinematics, Thermal, Hydraulics, Electrical, …(ANSYS, NASTRAN, CAE ROSE, ADAMS, Easy 5, … ) Thermodynamics Human factors (Jack, Factory. Sim, …) Jack Stress Aerodynamics 16

• • • ‘ility’ Modeling… Environmental—EMI/EMC, Acoustics, Weather, … Reliability—Hazards, FMEA, Faults, . . . (MADE, ARM, @Risk, …) Attribute modeling– Cost, Noise, MPG, … 17