Emerging Technologies: Blogs Benjamin Gillham Chloé Gray-Le Coz Irene Heschl Tatyana Telnikova Matthew Smith
“ The birth of the blog was a little-noted incident. A brilliant … technology pioneer – Dave Winer – was fiddling with a project and organized a series of entries in a new way. He looked at it, thought "Wow, that's cool, " and circled back on it later. He added a variation on an emerging technology and created a syndication feature that would eventually emerge into Real Simple Syndication. Other people … would make blogging tools easier so a great number of people could use them. The number of users has been growing through the roof ever since. Robert Scoble Naked Conversations: How Blogs are Changing the Way Businesses Talk with Customers Quote from (58) Scoble, Robert. Naked Conversations. 2006. 2
• • What is a blog? Timeline Technology behind blogs Types of blogs 3
What is a blog? • web + log • A website where entries are displayed in reverse chronological order • Evolved from online diaries • Combines images, links, text, web pages, and other related material Definition from (12) Wikipedia Article: Blog. 4
Timeline Adapted from (66) Thompson, Clive. The Early Years. 2006. 5
Technology • Created at the intersection of two emerging technologies: 1. Personal Publishing Tools 2. Syndication via RSS • Combination of technologies first created by David Winer 6
Personal Publishing Tools • • Makes the publishing process of websites simpler and more accessible Tools consist of: 1. WYSIWYG Editor to produce HTML, e. g. : Tiny. MCE 2. Software stack (typically LAMP) for data storage and retrieval, e. g. : Word. Press 3. Hosting • Blogger combines all three http: //tinymce. moxiecode. com/ 1. Definition from (12) Wikipedia article: Blog. 7
Syndication via RSS • RSS stands for Real Simple Syndication 2 • RSS is a dialect of XML, used to describe blog data • Makes a section of the website available for others 1 to use • The RSS format contains elements for: – – – Title and Description Link Publishing Date Category Images 1. Definition from (69) Wikipedia article: Web Syndication. 2. Taken from (71) Winer, Dave. RSS 2. 0 at Harvard Law. 2007. 8
Blog-related Tech • Syndication provide underlying metadata for blogs • Allows subscription via Aggregators – i. Google, Netvibes, Newsgator, My Yahoo! – Podcasts via i. Tunes • Better Search, based on: – Relevance, Time, and Authors – Google Blog Search, Bloglines, Technorati • Folksonomies based on Tagging – Del. icio. us – Digg 9
Anatomy of a Blog Title – the title or name of the blog Tagline – a brief description of what the blog is about Blogroll – a list of links to other blogs and websites; helps to share readers and increase the blog’s Google Page. Rank. Archives – links to past articles; stored based on the date published. The main portion of the blog contains the content or posts (discussed in the next slide). Most blogging packages also allow you to build additional static pages, e. g. : about. These pages contain background content and can be regularly updated. Definitions adapted from: (22) Debow, Brant. Blog Terminology. 2004. 10
Anatomy of a Blog Posts - compositions created by the author of the site. Posts consist of the title of the post and its content. Tag – a relevant keyword or term assigned to a piece of information enabling keyword-based classification and search. Category – a method of organizing blog entries by assigning each entry a topic; often used for site navigation. Blog software often displays these as tags. Comments – responses to the original article; allows readers to correct, agree with, or disagree with the contents of the article. Trackback – an acknowledgement sent via a network signal (ping) from the originating site to the receiving site; provides notification when one blog links to another blog. Definitions adapted from: (22) Debow, Brant. Blog Terminology. 2004. 11
Three Types of Blogs 1. Closed Blogs 2. Blogs as Conduit of Information 3. Blog as Participant in the Conversation Taken from (31) Hamman, Robin. 3 Types of Blogs: closed, conduit, and participant in the conversation. 2007. 12
Closed Blogs • “Closed Blogs are at the centre of an audience that resembles a closed network” • Characteristics: • Small audience, extremely passionate and engaged • New members are unlikely • Members/Audience usually have very strong relationships that run in both directions • Examples: baby blogs, wedding planning blogs Taken from (31) Hamman, Robin. 3 Types of Blogs: closed, conduit, and participant in the conversation. 2007. 13
Conduit of Information • “Blogs as conduit of information are blogs that act as the conduit between individual audience members and information or ideas. That is, the blog is the centre of the relationship between the information consumers and information producers. The blog itself may not be the origin of this content, but may merely pull it together in a useful way” • Characteristics: • Larger audience than closed blogs • Audience unlikely to grow rapidly • Audience highly engaged Taken from (31) Hamman, Robin. 3 Types of Blogs: closed, conduit, and participant in the conversation. 2007. 14
Participant in the Conversation • “Blogs as participants in the conversation are connectors of ideas and people, but also of conversations that flow between them” • Characteristics: • Potentially larger audience than previous 2 types • Audience can be as large as people engaged in the conversation • New audience members may follow contextualized links, visit other sites in the chain, and actively engage in conversations on one or more sites of the chain • Bloggers in this category are very engaged, link out heavily, use RSS and Technorati, some also use social bookmarking or social recommendation tools Taken from (31) Hamman, Robin. 3 Types of Blogs: closed, conduit, and participant in the conversation. 2007. 15
Participant in the Conversation Taken from (31) Hamman, Robin. 3 Types of Blogs: closed, conduit, and participant in the conversation. 2007. 16
Types of Blogs vlog (videos) linklog (links Media Type tumblelogs artlog sketchblog (sketches) phlog (Gopher) photoblog (photos) Device moblog (use of mobile devices – PDA or mobile phone) Political blog Travel blog Communities and Directories Adapted from (12) Wikipedia article: Blog. Legal blog (blawgs) Dreamlogs Splog (spamming) Private Business (corporate blog) Bloglines Technorati Blogscope Google Blog Search My. Blog. Log Blog Search Engines Fashion blog Educational blog Legal Status of Publisher Classical music blog Project blog (http: //www. group 6 blog. com) Genre Niche blog Bloghood (a collection of local blogs) Blog. Catalog 17
Types of Blogs – Examples http: //www. rothcpa. com/taxupdates. php. Accessed on 2 April 2008. http: //www. greyswriters. com/. Accessed on 2 April 2008. http: //mlblogs. com/. Accessed on 13 April 2008. http: //marketingjournal. blogspot. com/. Accessed on 13 April 2008. 18
Case Study: My War • Number of war blogs has rapidly increased after 9/11 • Address wartime and political issues • Soldiers as journalists • Issues: – Issues of national security – Freedom of Speech – Enemy access Quote by Colby Buzzell taken from (10) Berton, Justin. Punk, Soldier, Blogger. And now author. A young veteran shares his war stories. 2007. Slide adapted from (44) Lytle, Tatum. A Soldier’s Blog: Balancing Service Members’ Personal Rights vs. National Security Interests. 2007. Bomb Love by Banksy 19
Case Study: My War • Famous Iraq war blogger • Colby Buzzel Fights The War • People read his blog b/c he shares more of the truth than the army or journalists can • Book My War: Killing Time in Iraq Quote by (17) Colby Buzzell taken from his blog http: //cbftw. blogspot. com/. Slide adapted from (44) Lytle, Tatum. A Soldier’s Blog: Balancing Service Members’ Personal Rights vs. National Security Interests. 2007. Bomb Love by Banksy 20
• • Why do people blog? Blogging Demographics Famous Bloggers Making money from blogs 21
Why do people blog? “ Bloggers are driven to document their lives, provide commentary and opinions, express deeply felt emotions, articulate ideas through writing, and form and maintain community forums. Quote from (47) Nardi, Bonnie. Why We Blog. 2004. 22
Motivating Factors I write a blog to voice my opinion (commentary). I write a blog to document my life! Adapted from (47) Nardi, Bonnie. Why We Blog. 2004. My blog is my therapist who helps me work out my issues (catharsis). My blog is my muse! My blog is my community forum! 23
Case Study: Candy Blog • Started in April 2005 • Cybele May-writer and candy lover • Reviews candy types from over 30 different countries • FAQ: What are your favorite candies in addition to the ones that you’ve raved about here? – Mounds, Heath, Take 5, 100 Grand, York Peppermint Pattie, Malted Milk Balls. – Swee. Tarts, Spree, Payday, Tootsie Pops, & Lemonheads. http: //www. typetive. com/ Quote from (20) Cybele, May. Candy Blog’s 3 rd Anniversary. 2008. 24
Case Study: Candy Blog • 1, 800 subscribers to the RSS feed and averages 6, 000 page loads a day • 12, 700 comments • 4. 6 M page loads since 2006 • 2, 100 product photos • Makes money through direct advertising • Does not accept money in exchange for a review • No affiliate links Quote from (20) Cybele, May. Candy Blog’s 3 rd Anniversary. 2008. 25
Blogs by Languages As a total of all blog posts as of June 2006, Technorati reports: A sample of 1, 000 randomly selected blogs in March 2006 from Live. Journals. com reports: Adapted from (59) Sifry, David. State of the Blogosphere. 2007. and (33) Herring, Susan C. , et a. Networks on Live Journal. 2006. 26
Total Number of Bloggers Number of New Blogs Created Per day in Thousands 175 180 Total Number of Blogs in Millions 50 70 60 140 120 50 120 27. 2 40 100 80 75 30 80 14. 2 40 40 12 20 0 O c t 0 6 5 4 Adapted from (59) Sifry, David. State of the Blogosphere. 2007. 20 10 7. 8 4 0 Apr-05 Oct-04 Jan-05 Apr-06 Oct-05 Jan-06 Jul-05 Apr-07 Oct-06 Jan-07 Jul-06 60 70
Types of Information The Synovate/ Marketing Daily conducted an online survey with 1, 000 adults in the US using Synovate e. Nation between July 30 and August 1 of 2007. 70 65 Types of Information 60 50 39 40 38 30 20 10 2 0 Opinions News Entertainment Adapted from (54) Pospisi, John. Survey: more women blogging than men as blogs hit mainstream. 2007. Friends and Family 28
Frequency of Visits • According to the Synovate/ Marketing Daily’s online survey: – – – 80 % of Americans know what a blog is 50 % regularly visit blogs 8% have published their own blog 90 % of people between the ages of 25 -34 know what a blog is 65% of people over the age of 65 know what a blog is • According to the Edelman Omnibus Blog Study: – 27% of Americans read blogs – The average American reads a blog 1. 2 days a week – Men read blogs once a week and women less than once Adapted from (54) Pospisi, John. Survey: more women blogging than men as blogs hit mainstream. 2007. and (26) Edelman. A Corporate Guide to the Global Blogosphere. 2006. 29
More on Frequency A new blog is created ever. 71 seconds with a total of 120, 000 created every day! Most bloggers visit blogs less than once a month Adapted from (54) Sifry, David. State of the Blogosphere. 2007. and (59) Sifry, David. State of the Blogosphere. 2007. 30
Internet Users v. Bloggers The average blogger is under 30 and male Two surveys of internet users conducted in Nov-Dec 2005 and Feb-Apr 2006 Sample size for bloggers=308 Sample size for internet users=4, 753 Adapted from (43) Lenhart, Amanda and Susannah Fox. Bloggers: A portrait of the internet’s new storytellers. 2006. 31
Blogging by Location and Speed Adapted from (43) Lenhart, Amanda and Susannah Fox. Bloggers: A portrait of the Internet’s new storytellers. 2006. 32
Famous Bloggers • • • What makes you Famous? How do you get there? Why would you want to? Who are they? When did it happen? 33
How do you get famous? • Blog Awards – Blogger’s choice, Bloggies, Eppy, etc. • Technorati Top 100 – Measure: How many sites are linked to the blog – Does not measure: How many people read it • Blog. Pulse Top Blogs – Measures: The blogs most who the most links today – Doesn't measure: Long-term popularity • Forbes 25 – Measures: What blogs are read by Forbes writers • Bloglines – Measures: which have most subscribers – Doesn’t measure: which have most one-time visitors 34
Why would you want to? • Money – Ads, Jobs, Endorsements • Fame – Celebrity, Influence • Forbes Web Celebs 25 • To make a difference – Political Bloggers 35
Who are considered the best? Forbes Web Celeb 25: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Jessica Lee Rose - You. Tube star Perez Hilton - Celebrity gossip blogger Markos Moulitsas aka KOS - Political blogger Matt Drudge - News web site editor Seth Godin - marketing guru Jeff Jarvis - media critic Glenn Reynolds - political blogger Amanda Congdon - video blogger Robert Scoble - tech blogger Michael Arrington - tech blogger Taken from (28) Ewalt, David M. The Web Celeb 25. 2007 36
Case Study: Jason Kottke • Began blogging in March 1998 • Blog covers many topics including technology, photography, food, design, etc. • Won a Bloggie lifetime achievement award in 2002 • Broke the news that Ken Jennings' streak in Jeopardy! ended Quote from Jason Kottke from (14) Blood, Rebecca. Jason Kottke: Bloggers on Blogging. 2006. Background from Wikipedia (39) Jason Kottke and (41) Kottke, Jason. Oh, what a year. 2006. 37
Case Study: Jason Kottke • Feb 2004, left his web design job to blog full-time • Pledged content would be free • Raised money by encouraging readers to become micropatrons • Raised $39, 900 in that year • Considered a "novel" business plan at the time • Gets 600, 000 -700, 000 unique visitors a month (2006) • Ranked 67 in the Technorati top 100 (15 Apr 2008) Quote from Jason Kottke from (14) Blood, Rebecca. Jason Kottke: Bloggers on Blogging. 2006. Background from Wikipedia (39) Jason Kottke and (41) Kottke, Jason. Oh, what a year. 2006. 38
Making Money from Blogs • Donations (via Paypal) • Advertising – Google Adsense, Microsoft Adcenter, Text Link Ads – 43% of blog visitors noticed advertisements – 33% of bloggers have clicked on an advertisement while blogging • Affiliate Commissions – Recommending CDs or Books, e. g. Amazon • Product or Service Sales – Find new clients, advertise yourself – Merchandising, e. g. ebooks, t-shirts, etc. • Perks – Free books and products, access to events, interviews • Paid Assignment Adapted from (52) Pavlina, Steve. How to Make Money from Your Blog. 2006. and (53) Peed, Mike. Make Money Off your Blog. 2005. and (29) Good, Robin. How to Make Money with your Blog Site. 2005. 39
• 5 Types of Corporate Blogs • Positive and Negative consequences of blogging • Corporate blogging examples • How HR uses blogs 40
5 Types of Corporate Blogs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. • • Employee blog Varies in content & format Delta Airlines Group blog Focuses on specific topic Dell Executive blog Marc Cuban of NBA’s Dallas Mavericks Promotional blog Promotes products & services Newsletter blog Covers company news Adapted from (42) Lee, Sang. , et. all. Corporate blogging strategies of the Fortune 500 companies. 2008. 41
How Corporations use Blogs Taken from (23) Deutsche Bank Research. Blogs: The new magic formula for corporate communications. 2005. 42
Case Study: 37 signals • Small, privately-held Chicago-based company • Creates software that enables collaboration: project management, CRM, personal organizers, real-time chat • Featured in Time, Business Week, Wired, MIT Technology Review • http: //37 signals. com/ • Published a free e. Book Getting Real promoting their company philosophy http: //gettingreal. 37 signals. com/ Adapted from and quotes taken from (1) 37 signals. Getting Real. 2008. 43
Case Study: 37 signals • Publishes two company blogs: – Signal vs. Noise – 37 signals Product Blog • Signal vs. Noise focuses on general topics concerning design, business, experience, simplicity, the web, culture and more • 37 signals Product Blog focuses on product-specific updates Adapted from and quotes taken from (1) 37 signals. Getting Real. 2008. 44
Case Study: 37 signals • Both blogs promote the brand • Uses blogging to replace traditional advertising • Popular posts generate thousands of unique visitors and potential customers • Launched Ta-da product with a single post, within a few weeks it was mentioned on 200 blogs and over 12, 000 people had signed up for an account Adapted from and quotes taken from (1) 37 signals. Getting Real. 2008. 45
Positives and Negatives Positives • Ability to Measure Outcomes – Umbria – Relevant Noise (800 million blogs) • Executive Blogs • Provides Return on Investment • Negative Blogging Compiled from sources: 60, 40, 37, 74, 13, 6, 72, 16, 36. Negatives • “Cybersmearing” by employees • Executive Blogs • Lack of Company Control 46
Company Examples Internal Compiled from sources: 49, 75, 36, 21, 6, 19, 70, 24, 67, 50. External 47
Case Study: Sun Microsystems • Products – Software, services, storage for business • 33, 350 employees worldwide – Company-wide employee blog • No. 187 on the Fortune 500 (2007) • Locations: Sun conducts business in more than 100 countries around the globe http: //www. sun. com/aboutsun/company/index. jsp Quote from Jonathan Schwartz via (38) Israel, Shel. Interview: Jonathan Schwartz. 2005. Content adapted from (63) Sun: Company Profile. 2008. 48
Case Study: Sun Microsystems • Chief Executive Officer and President • Most popular Sun blogger • Talks to employees, but can be read by customers – reaches employees, partners and customers via his twice-weekly blog. • http: //blogs. sun. com/jonathan Quote from Jonathan Schwartz via (38) Israel, Shel. Interview: Jonathan Schwartz. 2005. 49
Case Study: Sun Microsystems • Negative Blogging as a success – University of Connecticut • Decision – Posting Employee Wall of Fame on company blog? Quote from Jonathan Schwartz via (38) Israel, Shel. Interview: Jonathan Schwartz. 2005. Content adapted from (63) Sun: Company Profile. 2008. 50
How HR Departments use Blogs • Recruitment Blogs – In 2004, Microsoft was the first company to launch a recruitment blog – Still in its infancy but increased acceptance also by non-IT companies (e. g. : Best Buy) – Adds to traditional recruitment tools – Benefits • • • Allows applicants to get a feel for the corporate culture Used to influence the company’s public image Reach a wider audience and increase brand visibility Fosters transparency and dialogue between a company and job applicants Builds a community and adds a new level of humanity – Additionally, companies advertise on company external blogs and social networking sites (e. g. : Facebook) to recruit new employees Adapted from (32) Hasson, Judi. Blogging for Talent. 2007. and (48) Needleman, Sarah. Need a New Situation? Check the Internet. Recruiters and Job Seekers Find Each Other Through Facebook, ‘Fan’ Pages, Videos. 2008. 51
Example: Microsoft Screenshot from http: //blogs. msdn. com/jobsblog/default. aspx. Accessed on 13 April 2008. 52
Example: Microsoft Screenshot from http: //www. facebook. com/pages/Workin-It-at-Microsoft/9298666412. Accessed on 13 April 2008. 53
How HR Departments use Blogs • Checking job applicants’ backgrounds – Common practice to google job applicants – Facebook, My. Space, blogs, personal websites, message boards, etc. – 12% of recruiters screen social networking sites and 35% of executive recruiters do not hire job applicants because of information found online! – Areas of concern: • • • Invasion of Privacy Discriminatory Information Outdated Information Stolen Name Same Name Adapted from (57) Schleifer, Jay. Internet Background Checks: Hazardous to your wealth? . 2007, and (45) Millard, Elizabeth. Online Background Checks. 2007, and (34) Hunzinger, Jackie. You’ve Been Googled. 2007. 54
• Summary • Positive uses of blogging • Negative uses of blogging 55
Summary • Change the way we communicate with one another • Allows for new business models • Enables communication between customers and corporations Compiled sources from: 51, 21, 36, 13. 56
Positive Uses of Blogs • • Enables greater freedom of communication Extends the reach of individuals and corporations New way of making money Can make a difference in the world 57
Negative Uses of Blogging • Must watch what information goes out • Increased access to personal information • Technology can create information noise – Blog and Commenting Spam • Introduce new copyright issues 58
Bibliography 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 37 signals, LLC. Getting Real. 15 March 2008 <http: //gettingreal. 37 signals. com/index. php> ABC. "Grey Matter: From the Writers of Grey's Anatomy. " 14 February 2008. ABC. com. 5 March 2008 <http: //www. greyswriters. com/>. Agence France Presse. 2007. Press fears over Malaysia blogs lawsuit. Associated Press Worldstream. 2007. Malaysian government minister proposes blogger registration to curb malicious content. Associated Press Worldstream. 2007. Media watchdogs critcize Malaysian newpaper’s lawsuit against blogger. Aggarwal, Rohit; Ram Gopal, Ramesh Sankaranarayanan. “Negative Blogs, Positive Outcomes: When should Firms Permit Employees to Blog Honestly? ” University of Connecticut. 3 March 2008. <http: //server 1. tepper. cmu. edu/Seminars/docs/Sankarnarayanan. Negative%20 blogs%20 positive%20 outcomes. pdf>. Alnoher, Marci. "Blogging’s a Low-Cost, High Return Marketing Tool. " 27 December 2007. New York Times. 1 April 2008 <http: //www. nytimes. com/2007/12/27/business/smallbusiness/27 sbiz. html? scp=13&sq=famous+blogger&st=nyt>. Anders, Susan B. "Introduction to Accounting Blogs. " The CPA Journal (2007): 72 -73. Anders, Susan B. "Website of the Month: Tax Blogs. " The CPA Journal (2007): 1 -2. Berton, Justin. “Punk. Blogger. And now author. A young veteran shares his war stories. ” 19 May 2007. San Francisco Chronicles. <http: //www. sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article. cgi? f=/c/a/2007/05/19/DDGO 4 PT 7281. DTL> Bielski, Lauren. "Got blogs? " American Bankers Association. ABA Banking Journal. 99. 5 (2007): 7 -8. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 3 March 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/>. “Blog”. Wikipedia. 15 Apr 2008 <http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Blog> "Blogging 4 Business report. " Strategic Direction. 22. 9 (2006): 18. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 27 Feb. 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/>. Blood, Rebecca. Jason Kottke: Bloggers on Blogging. Aug 2006. <http: //www. rebeccablood. net/bloggerson/jasonkottke. html> Bravo Company. "project Runway 4: Tim's Take. " 4 March 2008. Bravotv. com. 2 April 2008 <http: //www. bravotv. com/Project_Runway/season/4/blogs/index. php? blog=tims_take. >. Brody, Robert G. , Brian J Wheelin. "Blogging: The New Computer "Virus" for Employers. " HR. Human Resource Planning. 28. 3 (2005): 12. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 27 Feb. 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/>. Buzzell, Colby. “My War: Killing Time in Iraq”. 2008. <http: //cbftw. blogspot. com>. Calson Analitics. "Calson Analitics blogging. " September 2005. Calson Analytics. 28 March 2008 <http: //www. caslon. com. au/weblogprofile 1. htm>. “Corporate blogs can be a positive marketing strategy. ” Expansionplus. com. 23 April 2006. 3 March 2008. <http: //www. expansionplus. com/news. php? include=1484>. Cybele, May. Candy Blog’s 3 rd Anniversary. 2008. <http: //www. typetive. com/candyblog/item/candy_blogs_happy_3 rd_anniversary/> 59
Bibliography 21. Dearstyne, Bruce W. "BLOGS: The New Information Revolution? " Information Management Journal. 39. 5 (2005): 38 -40, 42 -44. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 27 Feb. 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/>. 22. Debow, Brant E. Blog Terminology. 19 November 2004. 20 March 2008 <http: //homepage. mac. com/bdebow/iblog/C 758111039/E 757312977/index. html>. 23. Deutsche Bank Research. Blogs: The new magic formula for corporate communications. 2005. 24. "Developing Dell’s Digital Media Strategy. " Strategic Communication Management. 11. 2 (2007): 6. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 27 Feb. 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/>. 25. Douglas, Nick. "Who's Really The Most famous Blogger? " 22 March 2007. Valleywag. 2 April 2008 <http: //valleywag. com/tech/internet-famous/whos-really-the -most-famous-blogger-246134. php>. 26. Edelman. "A Corporate Guide to the Global Blogosphere. " Omnibus Blog Study. n. d. 27. En-Lai Yeoh. Associated Press Worldstream. 2007. Malaysian political bloggers from alliance to counter criticism from government. 28. Ewalt, David. "The Web Celeb 25. " 27 December 2007. Forbes. com. 22 March 2008 <http: //www. forbes. com/2007/12/18/internet-fame-celebrity-techcx_de_07 webceleb_1218 land. html>. 29. Good, Robil. "How to Make Money with Your Blog Site. " 1 February 2008. Robin good's Master New Media. 7 April 2008 <http: //www. masternewmedia. org/2005/02/07/how_to_make_money_with. htm> 30. Greenman, Catherine. "New York Times. " 19 June 2003. A Blogger's Big-Fish Fantasy. 26 March 2008 <http: //query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9 B 06 E 0 D 91138 F 93 AA 25755 C 0 A 9659 C 8 B 63&scp=8&sq=famous+blogger&st=nyt>. 31. Hamman, Robin. "3 types of blog: closed, conduit and participant in the conversation. " 26 February 2007. Cybersoc. com. 1 April 2008. <http: //www. cybersoc. com/2007/02/3_types_of_blog_11. html>. 32. Hasson, Judi. Blogging for Talent. 2007. 33. Herring, Susan C. , et al. "Language Networks on Live. Journal. " 40 th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Bloomington: Indiana University, 2007. 1 -11. 34. Hunzinger, Jackie. You’ve Been Googled. 2007. 35. IBM Corp. “Blogging Guidelines”. 2008. <http: //www. ibm. com/blogs/zz/en/guidelines. html> 36. “If You Want to Lead, Blog. ” Harvard Business Review. 83. 11 (2005): 30. EBSCOhost. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 20 Feb. 2008. 37. "IRI Integrates Umbria's Social Media Market Research Capabilities into New Product Innovation and Launch Offerings. " Business Wire. 4 March 2008: 2. ABI/INFORM Dateline. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 10 March 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/>. 38. Israel, Shel. “Inteview: Jonathan Schwartz”. 22 Apr 2005. <http: //redcouch. typepad. com/weblog/2005/04/interview_jonat. html> 39. ”Jason Kottke”. 14 Apr 2008. <http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jason_Kottke> 40. Knight, Kristina. “Marketers can track how social networking effects brand. ” Bizreport. com. 31 Jan. 2008. 3 March 2008. <http: //www. bizreport. com/2008/01/marketers_can_track_how_social_networking_effects_brand. html>. 41. Kottke, Jason. Oh, what a year. 22 Feb 2006. <http: //www. kottke. org/06/02/oh-what-a-year> 42. Lee, Sang. , Taewon Hwang, Hong-Hee Lee. "Corporate blogging strategies of the Fortune 500 companies. " Management Decision. 4. 3 (2006): 316 - 60
Bibliography 43. Lenhart, Amanda and Susannsh Fox. Bloggers: A portrait of the internet’s new storytellers. Research. Washinton, DC: Pew Inernet & American Life Project, 2006. 44. Lytle, Tatum H. "A Soldier's Blog: Balancing Service Members' Personal Rights vs. National Security Interests. " Federal Communication Law Journal (2007): 593 -613. 45. Millard, Elizabeth. Online Background Checks. 2007, and (Z) Hunzinger, Jackie. You’ve Been Googled. 2007. 46. M. Koppel, J. Schler, S. Argamon, J. Pennebaker. "Effects of Age and Gender on Blogging. " AAAI 2006 Spring Symposium on Computational Approaches to Analysing Weblogs. Menlo Park: The AAAI Press, 2006. 199 -206. 47. Nardi, Bonnie, Diane Schiano, Michelle Gumbrecht, and Luke Swartz. "Why we blog. " Proceedings of ACM CHI 2004 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Vienna: Association for Computing Machinery, 2004. 41 -46. 48. Needleman, Sarah. Need a New Situation? Check the Internet. Recruiters and Job Seekers Find Each Other Through Facebook, ‘Fan’ Pages, Videos. 2008. 49. "NISSAN LAUNCHES "N-SQUARE" FOR STAFF. " Strategic Communication Management 12. 1 (2007): 9. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 27 Feb. 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/> 50. O'Rourke, Morgan. "You've Been "Kirked". " Risk Management. 54. 6 (2007): 7. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 27 Feb. 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/>. 51. Paisner, Jonathan. "Jump on the Blog Wagon. " Journal of Accountancy. 201. 6 (2006): 28. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 3 March 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/>. 52. Pavila, Steve. "How To Make Money From Your Blog. " 3 May 2006. Steve Pavlina. com. 7 April 2008 <http: //www. stevepavlina. com/blog/2006/05/how-tomake-money-from-your-blog/>. 53. Peed, Mike. "Make Money off Your Blog. " 30 January 2005. Washingtonpost. com. 7 April 2008 <http: //www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/articles/A 43241 -2005 Jan 27. html>. 54. Pospisil, John. "Survey: more women blogging than men as blogs hit mainstream. " 30 August 2007. Blorge. com. 28 March 2008 <http: //tech. blorge. com/Structure: %20/2007/08/30/survey-more-women-blogging-than-men-as-blogs-hit-mainstream/>. 55. Pro Blogger. Bolg Tips to Help You Make Money Blogging. March 27 2008 <http: //www. problogger. net/>. 56. Roth & Company, P. C. "Roth & Company, P. C. Tax Update Blog. " 2 April 2008. Roth & Company, PC. com. 2 April 2008 <http: //www. rothcpa. com/taxupdates. php>. 57. Schleifer, Jay. Internet Background Checks: Hazardous to your wealth? . 2007 58. Scoble, Robert and Israel Shel. Naked Conversations: How Blogs are Changing the Way Businesses Talk with Customers. hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , 2006. 59. Sifry, David. State of the Blogosphere. 2 April 2007. 29 March 2008 <http: //www. sifry. com/stateoftheliveweb/>. 60. Sinickas, Angela. "MEASURING THE IMPACT OF NEW-MEDIA TOOLS. " Strategic Communication Management. 11. 3 (2007): 11. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 27 Feb. 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/>. 61. Spors, Kelly K. "Enterprise: New Services Help Bloggers Bring in Ad Revenue; Users Can Customize Appearance of Spots, Use Video and Audio. " Wall Street Journal, New York, N. Y. 15 Jan. 2008, Eastern edition: B. 6. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 3 March 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/>. 61
Bibliography 62. Stone, Brad. "‘Fake Steve’ Blogger Comes Clean. " 6 August 2006. The New York Times. 25 March 2008 <http 63. Sun Corporation. “Sun: Company Profile”. 2008. <http: //www. sun. com/aboutsun/company/index. jsp> 64. Swift, Jon Swift. 2007 27 December. 25 March 2008 <http: //jonswift. blogspot. com/2007/12/best-blog-posts-of-2007 -chosen-by. html>. 65. The Economist. "A-twitter. " 31 January 2008. Economist. com. 22 March 2008 <http: //www. economist. com/world/na/displaystory. cfm? story_id=10608764&CFID=1755641&CFTOKEN=11065328>. 66. Thompson, Clive. "The Early Years. " 13 February 2006. New York Magazine. 20 March 2008 <http: //nymag. com/news/media/15971>. 67. Vargo, Angela. "Chatting to Customers at Southwest. " Strategic Communication Management 10. 4 (2006): 3. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 27 Feb. 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/>. 68. Ward, Susan. “Is there any downside to having a business blog. ” About. com. 2008. 3 March 2008. <http: //sbinfocanada. about. com/cs/blogarticles/f/blogdownside. htm>. 69. “Web Syndication”. Wikipedia. 2008. <http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Web_syndication> 70. "Why GM’s Leadership Blog is a Hit. " Strategic Communication Management 9. 4 (2005): 3. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 27 Feb. 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/>. 71. Winer, Dave. RSS 2. 0 at Harvard Law. 29 Apr. 2007. 20 March 2008. <http: //cyber. law. harvard. edu/rss. html, viewed March 20, 2008>. 72. Wood, Wallace, Robert Behling, Susan Haugen. “Blogs and Business: Opportunities and Headaches. ” Issues in Information Systems 7. 2 (2006): 312 -316. <http: //www. iis-online. org/iis/2006_iis/PDFs/Wood_Behling_Haugen. pdf> 73. Wuorio, Jeff. 19 March 2008. How to Make Money you’re your Blog. 22 March 2008. <http: //www. microsoft. com/smallbusiness/resources/marketing/onlinemarketing/how-to-make-money-from-your-blog-5 -tips. aspx#Howtomakemoneyfromyourblogtips, viewed Apr 7, 2008>. 74. Wyld, David C. "What the Blogging Revolution Means for You and Your Company: A Look at the Corporate World of Web 2. 0. " Competition Forum 5. 1 (2007): 173 -178. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 27 Feb. 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/> 75. Yates, Jo. Anne. , Wanda J Orlikowski, Anne Jackson. "The Six Key Dimensions of Understanding Media. " MIT Sloan Management Review 49. 2 (2008): 6369. ABI/INFORM Global. Pro. Quest. UM- St. Louis Library Resources, St. Louis, MO. 27 Feb. 2008 <http: //www. proquest. com. ezproxy. umsl. edu/> 62
Скачать презентацию Emerging Technologies Blogs Benjamin Gillham Chloé Gray-Le Coz
864f9c718099cf0678bf28a3c5a5fce9.ppt